GB/T 5100-2020 PDF English
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GB/T 5100-2020: Welded steel gas cylinders---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT5100-2020
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 23.020.30
J 74
Replacing GB/T 5100-2011
Welded Steel Gas Cylinders
(ISO 4706.2008, Gas Cylinders - Refillable Welded Steel Cylinder - Test
Pressure 60 Bar and Below, NEQ)
Issued on: DECEMBER 14, 2020
Implemented on: JULY 1, 2021
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative References... 4
3 Terms, Definitions and Symbols... 5
4 Basic Parameters... 7
5 Technical Requirements... 8
6 Test Methods... 29
7 Inspection Rules... 34
8 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage... 38
9 Exit-factory Documents... 40
Appendix A (normative) Special Requirements for Cylinders Containing Liquefied
Propylene and Liquefied Propane... 41
Appendix B (informative) Product Quality Certificate... 42
Appendix C (informative) Batch Inspection Quality Certificate... 45
Welded Steel Gas Cylinders
1 Scope
This document stipulates the basic parameters, technical requirements, test methods, inspection
rules, as well as marking, packaging, transportation and storage, etc. of welded steel gas
cylinders (hereinafter referred to as the steel cylinders).
This document is applicable to refillable low-pressure liquefied gas cylinders and cylinders
filled with acetylene gas with porous packing that are used under normal ambient temperatures
of 40 C ~ 60 C, with a withstand pressure test pressure of no more than 12 MPa (gauge
pressure) and a nominal volume of 0.5 L ~ 1,000 L.
This document also applies to fire-fighting gas cylinders filled with low-pressure liquefied gas
for fire-fighting and its mixture with compressed gas.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In terms of
references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this
document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the
modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 228.1 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1.Method of Test at Room Temperature
GB/T 229 Metallic Materials - Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method
GB/T 232 Metallic Materials - Bend Testing Method
GB/T 1804 General Tolerances - Tolerances for Linear and Angular Dimensions without
Individual Tolerance Indications
GB/T 7144 Colored Cylinder Mark for Gases
GB/T 8335 Special Threads for Gas Cylinders
GB/T 9251 Methods for Hydrostatic Test of Gas Cylinders
GB/T 9252 Method for Pressure Cycling Test of Gas Cylinders
GB/T 12137 Method for Leakage Test of Gas Cylinders
GB/T 13005 Terminology of Gas Cylinders
GB/T 14193 Rules for Filling of Liquefied Gas Cylinders
working pressure shall be appropriately increased;
d) The saturated vapor pressure value of low-pressure liquefied gas at 60 C shall
comply with the provisions of GB/T 14193 or the corresponding standards on gas.
4.2.2 Withstand pressure test pressure
For the steel cylinders filled with liquefied gas or a mixture of liquefied gas and compressed
gas, the withstand pressure test pressure shall not be less than 1.5 times the nominal working
pressure. For the steel cylinders filled with acetylene gas, the withstand pressure test pressure
shall be 5.2 MPa.
5 Technical Requirements
5.1 General Provisions for Materials
5.1.1 The material used to manufacture the main cylinder body shall be killed steel smelted in
an electric furnace or converter, and it shall have satisfying forming and welding properties.
5.1.2 Generally speaking, the main cylinder body shall be made of the same designation of
material.
5.1.3 All components welded to the main cylinder body shall be made of materials that are
compatible with the welding properties of the material of the main cylinder body. Specifically
speaking, the carbon content of materials used for valve seats and plug seats shall be less than
0.25%.
5.1.4 The welding materials used shall comply with the provisions of NB/T 47018.The tensile
strength of the longitudinal and circumferential welded joints shall not be lower than the lower
limit of the specified tensile strength of the base material.
5.1.5 The materials (including welding materials) shall comply with the corresponding
technical standards, and valid quality certification documents shall be provided.
5.2 Chemical Composition
The chemical composition (smelting analysis) of the material of the main cylinder body shall
comply with the provisions of Table 2.For steel containing trace alloying elements, the content
shall comply with the provisions of Table 3.
of the accessories and their connection with the main cylinder body shall prevent fluid
accumulation.
5.8.2 The base shall ensure the stability of the steel cylinders when they are upright and have
holes for drainage and ventilation.
5.8.3 For the steel cylinders with a water volume greater than 150 L, lifting accessories or lifting
holes shall be considered.
5.8.4 The selected cylinder valve shall satisfy the requirements of the medium in the cylinder.
The thread of the cylinder valve shall match the thread of the valve seat and shall comply with
the provisions of GB/T 8335, GB/T 15383 and relevant standards. The length of the taper thread
of the valve seat and plug seat shall not be less than the minimum length specified in the relevant
standards on threads. The valve seat and plug seat of fire-fighting gas cylinders may adopt
straight threads. The effective screwing length of straight threads is not less than 6 pitches, and
the shear stress safety factor under the withstand pressure test pressure is at least 10.
5.8.5 Generally speaking, the steel cylinders shall be equipped with fixed caps or shields to
prevent gas leakage caused by damage to the valves during storage and transportation.
5.8.6 The sealing materials used for the steel cylinders and their accessories shall be compatible
with the medium in the cylinders.
5.8.7 When a safety discharge device is installed on the steel cylinders, its material shall be
compatible with the medium in the cylinders and shall not affect the quality of the filling
medium.
5.8.8 The safety discharge devices of liquefied propylene and propane cylinders shall comply
with the requirements of Appendix A.
5.9 Batch Grouping
The manufacturer of the steel cylinders shall organize production in batches.
For the steel cylinders with a nominal volume less than or equal to 150 L, a batch shall consist
of no more than 502 PCS; for the steel cylinders with a nominal volume greater than 150 L, a
batch shall consist of no more than 50 PCS.
5.10 Welding Procedure Qualification
5.10.1 Before the production of the steel cylinders, or when the material of the main cylinder
body, the welding materials and welding process need to be changed, the manufacturer of the
steel cylinders shall conduct welding procedure qualification.
5.10.2 The production, properties test and result evaluation of test pieces for the welding
procedure qualification shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 33209.The welds for
welding procedure qualification shall be able to represent the butt welds of the longitudinal and
circumferential welds of the steel cylinders, the fillet welds or overlap welds connecting the
convex pressure-bearing head and the cylinder body, the pressure-bearing fillet welds between
the valve seat, plug seat and the main cylinder body, as well as the non-pressure-bearing fillet
welds between the base, shields, etc. and the main cylinder body.
5.10.3 The welding procedure qualification documents shall be approved by the technical
director of the cylinder manufacturer.
5.11 General Provisions for Welding
5.11.1 The welding of the steel cylinders shall be undertaken by welders holding a valid
“Special Equipment Welding Operation Certificate”. The welding personnel of each weld can
be tracked through welding records or seals. For the steel cylinders with a nominal wall
thickness of the main cylinder body Sn 6 mm, the welder’s steel seal can be marked at an
appropriate position near the welded seam.
5.11.2 The welding of welds of the main cylinder body shall adopt mechanized welding or
automatic welding method, and rigorously comply with the qualified welding process.
5.11.3 The shape and dimensions of the welding groove shall comply with the provisions of the
drawings. The groove surface shall be clean and smooth, without defects such as cracks,
delamination and inclusions, etc.
5.11.4 The welding (including weld repair) shall be performed indoors, and the indoor relative
humidity shall not exceed 90%, otherwise, measures shall be taken. When the temperature of
the welded parts is lower than 0 C, pre-heating shall be performed at the position where
welding begins.
5.11.5 During welding, arc ignition is NOT allowed in non-welding areas. The longitudinal
weld shall have an arc igniting plate and an arc extinguishing plate. The length of the plates
shall not be less than 100 mm. When removing the arc igniting plate and arc extinguishing plate,
the method of cutting shall be adopted. It is strictly prohibited to use the method of tapping, and
the cutout shall be smoothed.
5.12 Weld Appearance
5.12.1 The excess weld metal of the butt weld of the main cylinder body is 0 ~ 3.5 mm, and the
difference between the widest and narrowest parts of the same weld is not greater than 4 mm.
5.12.2 The geometrical shape of the fillet welds of the valve seat and plug seat shall smoothly
transition to the surface of the base material.
5.12.3 The welds on the cylinder body are NOT allowed to have undercuts. The surfaces of the
welds and heat-affected zone must not have cracks, pores, arc craters, depressions and irregular
breaks. Spatter on both sides of the welds shall be removed.
5.13 Radiographic Transillumination of Welds
5.13.1 The personnel engaged in radiographic and X-ray digital imaging inspection of cylinder
welds shall hold a valid “Special Equipment Non-destructive Testing Personnel Qualification
Certificate”.
5.13.2 The butt welds of the main cylinder body shall undergo radiographic inspection. For the
steel cylinders designed with a weld coefficient = 1, the longitudinal and circumferential
welds of each steel cylinder shall be subjected to 100% radiographic inspection. For the steel
cylinders designed with a weld coefficient = 0.9, for those with only one circumferential weld,
one PCS shall be taken from every 50 PCS in the production sequence (when there are less than
50 PCS, one PCS shall also be taken) for radiographic inspection of the entire length of the
weld. For the steel cylinders with one longitudinal weld and two circumferential welds, the
longitudinal and circumferential welds of each steel cylinder shall be subjected to radiographic
inspection of no less than 20% of the weld length.
5.13.3 The radiographic parts shall include the junction of the longitudinal and circumferential
welds.
5.13.4 The radiographic inspection of welds shall be carried out in accordance with NB/T
47013.2, and the technical grade of the radiographic inspection shall not be lower than Grade
AB. When X-ray digital imaging inspection is adopted, comply with the provisions of GB/T
17925.The quality grade of welded joints shall not be lower than Grade II.
5.13.5 The quality of the butt welds of the main cylinder body that has not undergone the
radiographic transillumination shall also comply with the requirements of 5.13.4.If after re-
inspection, it is found that the defect only belongs to excessive porosity, it may be resolved by
consultation between the cylinder manufacturer and the user.
5.14 Weld Repair
5.14.1 Weld repair shall be carried out in accordance with the qualified repair process. The
repaired parts shall pass the appearance and radiographic re-inspection in accordance with 5.12
and 5.13.4.
5.14.2 The number of repairs on the same part of the welds should not exceed two. If it exceeds
the time limit, each repair shall be approved by the technical director.
5.14.3 The number of repairs and the repaired parts shall be recorded in the product production
inspection record and indicated in the product certificate.
5.15 Cylinder Body
5.15.1 When the cylinder body is coiled and welded by steel plates, the rolling direction of the
steel plates shall be consistent with the circumferential direction of the cylinder body.
5.15.2 The difference e between the maximum and minimum diameters of the same cross-
section of the cylinder body shall not be greater than 0.01D.
5.15.3 The unfitness b of butt joints of the longitudinal weld of the cylinder body shall not be
5.18.4 The assembly of the accessories shall comply with the provisions of the drawings.
5.19 Surface Quality
The outer surface of the steel cylinders shall be smooth, and there shall be no cracks, double
skins, inclusions, as well as pits, scratches and corrosions with a depth exceeding 0.5 mm,
otherwise, it shall be ground. The ground area shall be smooth, and its wall thickness shall not
be less than the sum of the designed wall thickness and corrosion allowance.
5.20 Heat Treatment
5.20.1 After all welding is completed and the cylinder body passes the inspection, the cylinder
body shall be subjected to overall normalizing or stress-relieving heat treatment, and local heat
treatment is NOT allowed. Induction heating furnaces shall not be used for heat treatment.
5.20.2 The heat treatment shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the process, and there
shall be an automatic recording device.
5.20.3 The heat treatment results shall be recorded in the product quality certificate.
5.21 Volume and Weight
5.21.1 The measured water volume of the steel cylinders shall not be less than the nominal
volume. For the steel cylinders with a nominal volume greater than 150 L, the measured volume
may be replaced by the nominal volume, but there must be no negative deviation.
5.21.2 After the steel cylinders are manufactured, the net weight shall be determined one by
one.
5.22 Withstand Pressure Test and Air-tightness Test
5.22.1 The withstand pressure test of the steel cylinders shall be carried out after heat treatment,
and the test pressure shall be determined in accordance with 4.2.The withstand pressure test
device shall be equipped with the functions of real-time cylinder No. input, automatic collection
and storage of parameters, such as. test date, test pressure and pressure holding time, etc., and
be able to generate withstand pressure test records (reports) in an unchangeable format and
upload test data and test process videos.
5.22.2 The withstand pressure test method for the steel cylinders may adopt hydrostatic test or
air pressure test. See the specific requirements below.
a) When adopting the hydrostatic pressure test, following the relevant provisions of
GB/T 9251.For the steel cylinders with a nominal volume less than or equal to 150
L, the pressure holding time under the test pressure is at least 30 seconds; for the steel
cylinders with a nominal volume greater than 150 L, the pressure holding time is 1
min ~ 3 min. During the pressure holding process, the cylinder body shall be
thoroughly expanded, and the steel cylinders shall not be macroscopically deformed
or leaked under observation, and the pressure gauge shall not be allowed to drop back.
After the test is completed, immediately drain the water and dry it.
b) When adopting the air pressure test, the test device shall be equipped with effective
safety protection facilities to completely isolate the operating personnel from the gas
cylinder under test, so as to ensure the personal safety of the operating personnel.
Meanwhile, a pressure lifting process curve shall be drawn to gradually raise the
pressure to the withstand pressure test pressure. For the steel cylinders with a nominal
volume less than or equal to 150 L, the pressure holding time under the test pressure
is at least 10 seconds; for the steel cylinders with a nominal volume greater than 150
L, the pressure holding time is not less than 1 min.
5.22.3 The air-tightness test of the steel cylinders shall be carried out after the steel cylinders
pass the withstand pressure test. When adopting the air pressure test, the pressure inside the
cylinder may be directly reduced from the withstand pressure test pressure to the air-tightness
test pressure to perform the air-tightness test. The air-tightness test pressure of low-pressure
liquefied gas cylinders and fire-fighting gas cylinders is the nominal working pressure, and the
air-tightness test pressure of acetylene gas cylinders is 3 MPa. Under the test pressure, hold the
pressure for 1 min ~ 3 min, and the gas cylinder under test shall not leak.
5.22.4 If leakage is found on the weld during the withstand pressure test and air-tightness test,
repairs may be carried out in accordance with the provisions of 5.14.After the weld of the gas
cylinders is repaired, the overall heat treatment shall be carried out again. If the weld is repaired
under the following conditions, it does not need to be re-subjected to the heat treatment.
a) Pinhole leakage;
b) The repair length does not exceed 25 mm;
c) There are no more than two repairs on the same weld, and the distance between the
two repairs is not less than 75 mm.
5.22.5 After the weld is repaired, in accordance with the provisions of 5.22.2 and 5.22.3, the
withstand pressure test and air-tightness test shall be re-performed.
5.23 Mechanical Properties Test, Burst test and Fatigue Test
5.23.1 For the steel cylinders with a nominal volume less than or equal to 150 L, sample
cylinders shall be taken by batches after the heat treatment for mechanical properties test and
burst test. The steel cylinders used for the tests shall pass the radiographic inspection and one-
by-one inspection, and have not undergone the withstand pressure test.
5.23.2 For the steel cylinders with a nominal volume greater than 150 L, product welding test
plates may be prepared by batches for the mechanical properties test.
5.23.3 When performing the mechanical properties test on the cylinder body, for the steel
cylinders composed of two parts, the sampling positions are shown in Figure 10.For the steel
cylinders composed of three parts, the sampling positions are shown in Figure 11.For the steel
c) During the test, two pressure gauges with the same measuring range, which is 2.0 ~
3.0 times the expected burst pressure, and with an accuracy of not lower than Level
1.6 shall be used, and the verification cycle shall not exceed three months;
d) The water delivery volume of the pressure test pump per hour shall not exceed 5 times
the water volume of the steel cylinders;
e) During the test, there shall be reliable safety measures.
6.9.2 Before conducting the burst test, in accordance with the provisions of 6.5, firstly
determine the actual volume of the steel cylinders.
6.9.3 When conducting the burst test, the pressure shall be slowly raised, and the corresponding
relations among pressure, time and water inflow shall be measured and recorded, and the
corresponding curve shall be drawn to determine the pressure, at which, the steel cylinders
begin to yield. Raise the pressure until it bursts, and determine the burst pressure and total water
inflow. Calculate the burst volume deformation rate.
6.10 Appearance Inspection
Visually inspect the surface, weld appearance, markings and accessories of the steel cylinders.
7 Inspection Rules
7.1 Material Inspection
7.1.1 The steel cylinder manufacturer shall conduct verification and analysis of the chemical
composition of the finished product by the furnace No. on materials used to manufacture the
main cylinder body in accordance with the method specified in 6.1, and conduct mechanical
properties verification test by the batch No. The verification and analysis results of the chemical
composition of the finished product and the deviation of the melting chemical composition shall
comply with the provisions of the material standard.
7.1.2 Verify and analyze the test results, which shall comply with the provisions of 5.1.5 and
5.2.When the nominal wall thickness of the main cylinder body is equal to or greater than 6
mm, the impact test shall comply with the provisions of 5.3.
7.2 One-by-one Inspection
7.2.1 The one-by-one inspection of the steel cylinders shall be carried out in accordance with
the items specified in Table 11.
7.2.2 For the steel cylinders designed with a weld coefficient = 0.9, if there are one
longitudinal weld and two circumferential welds, each steel cylinder shall undergo radiographic
inspection of no less than 20% of the corresponding length of its longitudinal and
circumferential welds. If a defect exceeding the standard is found, the radiographic inspection
shall be extended by 20% of the length of the weld at both ends of the defect. If the length of
one end is insufficient, make up for it at the other end. If there are still defects exceeding the
standard, then, the weld of the steel cylinder shall be subjected to 100% radiographic inspection.
7.3 Batch Inspection
7.3.1 Sampling rules
7.3.1.1 For the steel cylinders with a nominal volume less than or equal to 150 L, respectively
take one steel cylinder for the mechanical properties test and the burst test from each batch of
steel cylinders.
7.3.1.2 For the steel cylinders with a nominal volume greater than 150 L, in accordance with
the requirements of 5.23.4, a product welding test plate shall be prepared along with the product
for the mechanical properties test.
7.3.2 Batch inspection items
7.3.2.1 The batch inspection items of the steel cylinders shall comply with the provisions of
Table 11.
7.3.2.2 For the steel cylinders with only one circumferential weld and designed with a weld
coefficient = 0.9, in accordance with the production sequence, one PCS shall be taken from
every 50 PCS (if there are less than 50 PCS, one PCS shall be taken) for radiographic inspection
of the entire length of the weld.
7.3.3 Re-inspection rules
7.3.3.1 During batch inspection, if there are disqualified items, re-inspection shall be carried
out.
7.3.3.2 In batch inspection items, if there is evidence that the test failed due to operational errors
or test equipment malfunction, then, a second test can be performed on the same steel cylinder
(if necessary, take another steel cylinder from the same batch of steel cylinders) or on the
original product welding test plate. If the result of the second test is qualified, then, the first test
can be ignored.
7.3.3.3 For the steel cylinders that undergo radiographic inspection in accordance with 7.3.2.2,
when the result of the radiographic inspection of the entire length of the weld is disqualified,
two more steel cylinders shall be taken from the 50 steel cylinders in the same production
sequence for radiographic inspection of the entire length of the weld. If the result is still
disqualified, then, radiographic inspection of the entire length of the weld shall be performed
one by one.
7.3.3.4 When the steel cylinders with a nominal volume less than or equal to 150 L are
disqualified in the mechanical properties test or burst test, a re-inspection shall be performed in
accordance with the provisions of Table 12.The steel cylinders for the re-inspection shall be
randomly taken from the same batch.
with the requirements of 5.23.
7.4.3 The type test shall be carried out by an approved gas cylinder type testing institution, and
a type test report shall be issued.
7.4.4 In comparison with the existing type-test approved design, when the following conditions
occur, the type test shall be re-conducted.
a) When the material of the main cylinder body changes;
b) When the designed wall thickness of the main cylinder body changes by more than
10%;
c) When the number of openings increases or the positions of the openings change, or
the number and positions of the openings remain unchanged, but the inner diameter
of the openings increases by more than 100%;
d) When the head shape changes;
e) When the water volume of the steel cylinders changes by more than 30%;
f) When the design of the welded joints of the welds (longitudinal weld of the cylinder
body, and circumferential weld connecting the head and cylinder body) of the main
cylinder body changes;
g) When the forming, welding and heat treatment processes of the steel cylinders change.
8 Marking, Packaging, Transportation and Storage
8.1 The content, position and requirements of the steel seal mark on the steel cylinders shall
comply with the provisions of the relevant regulations and the cylinder design drawings. The
mode shown in Figure 17 may be adopted for the steel cylinders containing highly toxic media,
and the name of the media shall be marked with Chinese characters. For the designed wall
thickness of the main cylinder body in the steel seal mark, the thicker one between the designed
wall thickness of the cylinder body and the designed wall thickness of the head shall be marked.
8.2 Each steel cylinder exiting the factory shall be equipped with a firm and non-damageable
electronic reading mark (such as. QR code and electronic chip, etc.) in a conspicuous position
as an electronic quality certificate for the steel cylinder product.
8.3 The information recorded in the electronic certificate of the steel cylinder product shall be
effectively stored and publicly disclosed on the gas cylinder quality and safety traceability
information platform. The stored and publicized information shall be traceable, exchangeable,
queryable and tamper-proof. Please refer to Appendix B for the format and content of the
electronic certificate of steel cylinder products.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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