GB/T 41060-2021 PDF in English
GB/T 41060-2021 (GB/T41060-2021, GBT 41060-2021, GBT41060-2021)
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Test method for determining frost resistance of cement mortar
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GB/T 41060-2021: PDF in English (GBT 41060-2021) GB/T 41060-2021
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 91.100.10
CCS Q 11
Test method for determining frost resistance of cement
mortar
ISSUED ON: DECEMBER 31, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: JULY 01, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Method summary ... 6
5 Instruments and equipment ... 6
6 Materials ... 8
7 Laboratory conditions ... 8
8 Specimen molding ... 8
9 Specimen maintenance ... 8
10 Test of frost resistance properties ... 8
11 Processing of test results ... 9
12 Calculation of parameters of frost resistance properties ... 10
13 Test method allowable deviation ... 11
Test method for determining frost resistance of cement
mortar
1 Scope
This document specifies the method summary, instruments and equipment, materials,
laboratory conditions, specimen molding, specimen maintenance, test of frost
resistance properties, processing of test results, calculation of parameters of frost
resistance properties and test method allowable deviation for the test method for frost
resistance of cement mortar.
This document is applicable to the test of the frost resistance of general Portland cement
under the conditions of water freezing and thawing.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 175, Common Portland cement
GB/T 17671, Test method of cement mortar strength (ISO method)
GB/T 50082, Standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of
ordinary concrete
JC/T 243, Concrete frost resistance test equipment
JC/T 681, Mixer for mixing mortars
JC/T 682, Jolting table for compacting mortars specimen
JC/T 723, Cement mortar vibration compaction equipment
JC/T 726, Mould for cement mortars
JC/T 960, Automatic compression machine for testing cement strength
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 50082 as
well as the followings apply.
3.1 dynamic modulus of elasticity
The proportionality factor between stress and strain during the elastic deformation
phase of a material under dynamic loading conditions.
3.2 relative dynamic modulus of elasticity
The ratio of the dynamic elastic modulus of the specimen before and after freezing and
thawing calculated by the resonance method. It is usually expressed as a percentage of
the square of the fundamental frequency of the vibration frequency of the test piece.
4 Method summary
Two groups of 40mm×40mm×160mm cement mortar specimens are formed in parallel
according to the method of GB/T 17671. After curing to a certain age under standard
conditions, test the strength loss rate, mass loss rate and relative dynamic modulus of
elasticity of the specimen before and after freeze-thaw cycles, to characterize the frost
resistance of cement.
5 Instruments and equipment
5.1 Cement mortar mixer
It shall comply with the provisions of JC/T 681.
5.2 Jolting table
It shall comply with the provisions of JC/T 682.
5.3 Vibration compaction equipment
It shall comply with the provisions of JC/T 723.
5.4 Test mould
It shall comply with the provisions of JC/T 726.
5.5 Balance
It shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 17671.
5.6 Pressure testing machine
It shall comply with the provisions of JC/T 960.
6 Materials
Standard sand and test water shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 17671.
7 Laboratory conditions
The temperature and humidity requirements of the laboratory shall comply with the
provisions of GB/T 17671.
8 Specimen molding
The mass ratio of cement mortar shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB/T
17671. Three specimens are formed in each pot of mortar, and 2 groups are formed in
parallel, with 6 pieces in each group. The water-cement ratio of ordinary Portland
cement, pozzolanic Portland cement, fly ash Portland cement and composite Portland
cement mixed with pozzolanic mixing materials is 0.50. The fluidity of the mortar shall
not be less than 180mm. When the fluidity is less than 180mm, it shall be adjusted
according to the relevant provisions in GB 175.
9 Specimen maintenance
Cement specimen maintenance shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant
provisions of GB/T 17671. The maintenance period is 28d. For cement with high
content of admixture (≥50%), the maintenance period can be up to 90d after
consultation with the customer. It shall be noted in the test report.
10 Test of frost resistance properties
10.1 A reference specimen shall be prepared before freezing and thawing. That is,
prepare cement mortar specimens of the same specification as required in Chapters 7
and 8 of this document. Bury the temperature sensor in the center of the specimen. The
frost resistance ability of the reference specimen is higher than that of the freeze-thawed
specimen to be tested. There is no obvious damage to the specimen after 25 freeze-thaw
cycles. The freezing and thawing medium of the reference specimen shall be drinking
water.
10.2 After the specimen is maintained to the specified period according to the
requirements of Chapter 8, take a group of specimens to test the strength (e0) of cement
mortar before freezing and thawing according to the relevant requirements of GB/T
17671. Take another group of specimens for the freeze-thaw test.
10.3 Wipe off the surface moisture of the specimen before the freeze-thaw test begins.
Accurately weigh the mass of the specimen (m0) to one decimal place. At the same time,
according to the relevant provisions of the method in GB/T 50082, test the initial value
(f0) of the lateral fundamental frequency vibration frequency of the specimen. Record
the appearance of the specimen.
10.4 Put the cement mortar specimen into the specimen box. Inject the drinking water.
The water shall not exceed the top surface of the specimen by 3mm~5mm. Then, put it
into the specimen rack of the freeze-thaw testing machine for the freeze-thaw test. Each
freeze-thaw cycle shall be completed within 2h~4h. The thawing and freezing time shall
not be less than 1h. When freezing and thawing, control the central temperature of the
specimen at -18°C ± 2°C and 5°C ± 2°C, respectively. During each freezing and
thawing process, the time taken for the specimen to drop from 3°C to -16°C shall not
be less than 1/2 of the freezing time. The time taken for the specimen to rise from -16°C
to 3°C shall not be less than 1/2 of the entire thawing time. The number of freeze-thaw
cycles shall be 25 times. The number of freezing and thawing can also be appropriately
increased as needed, but it shall be indicated in the test report. In each freeze-thaw test,
the number of freeze-thaw test stops due to external reasons shall not exceed 1.
10.5 After the freeze-thaw test is completed, take out the specimen and wipe off the
surface moisture. Test the mass of the specimen after freezing and thawing (mi) as well
as the transverse fundamental vibration frequency of the specimen (fi). Record the
appearance of the specimen. Test the strength (ei) of cement mortar after freezing and
thawing according to GB/T 17671. The specimen shall be prevented from losing water
during the testing process. The test specimen needs to be covered with a damp cloth.
10.6 Calculate the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, strength loss rate and mass
loss rate of the specimen before and after freezing and thawing according to formula (1)
to formula (3), so as to characterize the frost resistance of cement.
11 Processing of test results
11.1 Fundamental vibration frequency
The fundamental vibration frequency of each specimen shall be tested twice in parallel.
The two test results shall not exceed 0.5% of the average value. Take the average value
of the two results as the fundamental vibration frequency of the specimen.
11.2 Compressive strength
For the compressive strength, take the average value of 6 test values of 3 specimens in
each group as the test result. The elimination and processing of the test value shall be
carried out according to the relevant provisions of GB/T 17671.
12 Calculation of parameters of frost resistance properties
12.1 Relative dynamic modulus of elasticity
The relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of the cement specimen is calculated
according to formula (1). The calculation result is accurate to one decimal place:
Where,
P - The relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of cement specimen after i cycles of
freezing and thawing, %;
f0 - The initial value of the lateral fundamental vibration frequency of the specimen
before the freeze-thaw cycle, in Hertz (Hz);
fi - The lateral fundamental vibration frequency of the specimen after i cycles of
freezing and thawing, in Hertz (Hz).
Take the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of cement specimens as the final test
result as the average of the test values of 3 specimens in each group. When the
difference BETWEEN the maximum or minimum value of the relative dynamic
modulus of elasticity of the 3 specimens AND the average value exceeds the average
value by 15%, the average value of the remaining test values shall be used as the test
result after removing it. When the difference BETWEEN the maximum value and the
minimum value AND the average value exceeds the average value by 15%, the median
value is used as the test result.
12.2 Strength loss rate
The strength loss rate of the cement specimen is calculated according to formula (2).
The calculation result is accurate to one decimal place:
Where,
S - The strength loss rate of cement specimen after i cycles of freezing and thawing, %;
e0 - The compressive strength of cement specimen before freeze-thaw cycles, in
megapascals (MPa);
ei - The compressive strength of cement specimen after i cycles of freezing and thawing,
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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