GB/T 2951.11-2008 PDF English
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| GB/T 2951.11-2008 | English | 195 |
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Common test methods for insulating and sheathing materials of electric and optical cables -- Part 11: Methods for general application -- Measurement of thickness and overall dimensions -- Tests for determining the mechanical properties
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| GB/T 2951.11-1994 | English | 199 |
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Test method for determining mechanical and physical properties of electric cables and wires. Test for determining loss of mass for P. V. C. sheaths
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| GB 2951.11-1982 | English | 199 |
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Electric wire and cable--Test method for determining loss of mass for P. V. C. sheaths
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GB/T 2951.11-2008: Common test methods for insulating and sheathing materials of electric and optical cables -- Part 11: Methods for general application -- Measurement of thickness and overall dimensions -- Tests for determining the mechanical properties
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT2951.11-2008
Common test methods for insulating and sheathing materials of electric and optical cables. Part 11. Methods for general application. Measurement of thickness and overall dimensions. Tests for determining the mechanical properties
ICS 29.060
K13
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 2951.1-1997
Cable and cable insulation and sheathing materials - General test methods
Part 11. General test methods ---
Thickness and Dimensional Measurement---Mechanical Performance Test
Released on.2008-06-26
2009-04-01 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Foreword
GB/T 2951 "General Test Method for Cable and Cable Insulation and Sheath Materials" is divided into 10 parts.
--- Part 11. General test methods - thickness and dimensions measurement - mechanical properties test;
--- Part 12. General test methods --- heat aging test methods;
--- Part 13. General test methods --- Density determination method --- water absorption test --- shrinkage test;
--- Part 14. General test methods --- low temperature test;
--- Part 21. Test method for elastomer mixtures - ozone resistance test - heat extension test - immersion mineral oil test;
--- Part 31. Test method for polyvinyl chloride mixtures---High temperature pressure test---anti-cracking test;
--- Part 32. Test method for polyvinyl chloride mixtures - weight loss test - thermal stability test;
--- Part 41. Test methods for polyethylene and polypropylene mixtures---Environmental stress cracking test---melt index measurement
Method---Measurement of Carbon Black and/or Mineral Filler Content in Polyethylene by Direct Combustion Method---Measurement of Carbon by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
Black content---Microscopic evaluation of carbon black dispersion in polyethylene;
--- Part 42. Test methods for polyethylene and polypropylene mixtures--- tensile strength and elongation at break after high temperature treatment
Inspection---winding test after high temperature treatment---winding test after air heat aging---measurement quality increase---long-term heat stability
Qualitative test---Test method for copper catalytic oxidation degradation;
--- Part 51. Test method for filling paste---dropping point---oil separation---low temperature brittleness---total acid value---corrosion
Properties - dielectric constant at -23 ° C - DC resistivity at -23 ° C and 100 ° C.
This part is the 11th part of GB/T 2951.
This part is equivalent to IEC 60811-1-1.2001 "General test methods for insulation and sheathing materials for cables and cables - Part 1-1.
Test Method---Measurement of Thickness and Dimensions---Mechanical Properties Test" (English version).
Taking into account China's national conditions and ease of use, this section has made the following editorial changes.
--- Replace "Part 1-1" with "Part 11";
--- Replace the "," as a decimal point with a decimal point "."
--- Remove the preface to international standards;
--- This section 1.1 quotes the use of international standards of China's standards rather than international standards;
--- This part is added to the standard name of IEC 60811-1-1 in Chapters 1 and 3 of IEC 60811-1-1.
The "coax" has been added to the coordination of the cable.
This part replaces GB/T 2951.1-1997 "General test methods for cable insulation and sheathing materials - Part 1. General test methods
Section 1. Measurement of Thickness and Dimensions - Mechanical Performance Test.
The main changes in this section compared with GB/T 2951.1-1997 are as follows.
--- The name of this section is modified as follows. "General test methods for insulation and sheathing materials for cables and cables - Part 11. General test methods
Method---Measurement of thickness and dimensions---mechanical performance test";
--- Corresponding to the name of this section, the English name is modified to read. "Commontestmethodsforinsulatingandsheathing
Materialsofelectricandopticalcables-Part 11.Methodsforgeneralapplication-Measure-
mentofthicknessandoveraldimensions-Testsfordeterminingthemechanicalproperties";
--- Chapter 1, "Power distribution cables and communication cables, including marine cables", to "Power distribution and communication cables and optical cables, including ships and
Offshore cables and cables" (Chapter 1 of the.1997 edition; Chapter 1 of this edition);
--- Chapter 3 "Scope of application" to add "optical cable" (Chapter 3 of the.1997 edition; Chapter 3 of this edition);
---9.1.3 Added "Note", item c) was revised to "1)" and "2)" (1997 version 9.1.3; this version of 9.1.3);
GB/T 2951.11-2008/IEC 60811-1-1.2001
---9.1.6 and 9.2.6 were replaced by the "alternative clause", the content was deleted (1997 version 9.1.6 and 9.2.6; this version of 9.1.6 and
9.2.6);
--- Removed Appendix B from the.1997 edition (Appendix B of the.1997 edition; this edition does not).
Appendix A of this section is an informative annex.
This part was proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Wire and Cable Standardization Technical Committee.
This section drafted by. Shanghai Cable Research Institute, China Quality Certification Center.
The main drafters of this section. Li Mingzhu, Wang Shen, Zhu Yonghua, Wang Chunhong, Huang Wei.
The previous versions of the standards replaced by this section are.
---GB 2951.1-1982, GB/T 2951.1-1994, GB/T 2951.1-1997;
---GB 2951.2 ~ 2951.6-1982, GB/T 2951.2 ~ 2951.6-1994.
GB/T 2951.11-2008/IEC 60811-1-1.2001
Cable and cable insulation and sheathing materials - General test methods
Part 11. General test methods ---
Thickness and Dimensional Measurement---Mechanical Performance Test
1 Scope
GB/T 2951 specifies cables and cables for distribution and communication, including polymer insulation and sheathing for ships and offshore cables and cables.
Test method for materials.
This part of GB/T 2951 specifies the measurement method and mechanical property test method for thickness and external dimensions. These methods apply to
The most common type of insulation and sheathing materials (elastomers, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.).
1.1 Normative references
The terms of the following documents become the provisions of this part by reference in this part of GB/T 2951. Any dated reference
Documents, all subsequent amendments (not including errata content) or revisions do not apply to this section, however, encouragement is based on this section.
The parties to the agreement have studied whether the latest version of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest edition applies.
In this section.
GB/T 2951.12-2008 General test methods for insulating and sheathing materials for cables and cables - Part 12. General test methods
Method---heat aging test method (IEC 60811-1-2. 1985, IDT)
GB/T 2951.13-2008 General Test Methods for Insulating and Sheathing Materials for Cables and Cables - Part 13. General Test Method
Method---Density Method---Water Absorption Test---Shrinkage Test (IEC 60811-1-3.1993, IDT)
GB/T 2951.21-2008.General test methods for insulating and sheathing materials for cables and cables - Part 21. Elastomer mixtures
Test method - ozone resistance test - heat extension test - immersion mineral oil test (IEC 60811-2-1..1998, IDT)
2 Test principle
This section does not specify all test conditions (such as temperature, duration, etc.) and all test requirements, they should be in the relevant cable products
It is specified in the standard.
Any test requirements specified in this section may be modified in the relevant cable product standards to suit the needs of a particular type of cable.
3 Scope of application
The test conditions and test parameters specified in this section apply to the most common types of insulation and sheathing materials for cables, cables, wires and cords.
4 type test and other tests
The test methods specified in this section are first used as type tests. Type test and frequent test of some test items
The conditions (such as routine tests) are essentially different, and these differences have been identified in this section.
5 pretreatment
All tests shall be carried out after the insulation and sheathing material have been extruded or vulcanized (or crosslinked) for at least 16 h. Unless otherwise specified
Before the test, all samples including aged or unaged samples shall be kept at temperature (23 ± 5) °C for at least 3 h.
6 test temperature
Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out at ambient temperature.
7 definition
This section uses the following definitions.
7.1
The maximum value reached by the load during the test.
7.2
The tensile force per unit area when the test piece is not stretched.
7.3
The maximum tensile stress recorded when the specimen is stretched to break.
7.4
The percentage of the mark distance increase to the marked distance of the unstretched sample when the test piece is stretched to break.
7.5
The experimental data of the expected number is obtained in ascending or descending order. When the number of valid data is odd, the intermediate value is positive.
The middle value; if it is even, the middle value is the average of the two values in the middle.
8 Measurement of thickness and dimensions
8.1 Measurement of insulation thickness
8.1.1 Overview
The measurement of the insulation thickness can be used as a separate test or as a step in other tests such as mechanical performance testing.
In all cases, the sampling method should be in accordance with the relevant cable product standards.
8.1.2 Measuring device
Read the microscope or a projector with a magnification of at least 10 times, both devices should read to 0.01mm. When measuring insulation thickness is small
At 0.5 mm, the third digit after the decimal point is the estimated reading.
When controversial, a reading microscope measurement should be used as a baseline method.
8.1.3 Preparation of test pieces
Remove all layers from the insulation and extract the conductor and isolation layer (if any). Be careful to avoid damage to the insulation, if the inner and outer semi-conductive layers
If it is stuck with insulation, it does not have to be removed.
Each test piece consists of an insulating sheet that is applied perpendicular to the conductor axis using appropriate tools (sharp blades such as razor blades, etc.)
The plane cuts the sheet.
The core of the unsheathed flat cord should not be separated.
If there is an embossed mark dent on the insulation, the thickness will be thinned, so the test piece should take a section containing the mark.
8.1.4 Measurement steps
Place the test piece on the work surface of the device with the cut surface perpendicular to the optical axis.
a) When the inside of the test piece is round, measure 6 points radially as shown in Figure 1. If it is a fan-shaped insulated core, measure 6 points according to Figure 2;
b) When the insulation is taken from the stranded conductor, 6 points shall be measured radially as shown in Figures 3 and 4;
c) When the outer surface of the test piece is uneven, measure 6 points as shown in Figure 5;
d) When there are non-removable shielding layers inside and outside the insulation, the thickness of the shielding layer should be subtracted from the measured value, when the opaque insulation is inside and outside.
When there are shields that cannot be removed, they should be measured using a reading microscope;
GB/T 2951.11-2008/IEC 60811-1-1.2001
e) The unsheathed flat cord shall be measured as shown in Figure 6. The shortest distance between the two conductors shall be the insulation thickness of the insulated core.
In any case, the first measurement should be made at the thinnest part of the insulation.
If the insulation test piece includes an embossed mark dent, the insulation thickness at this point should not be used to calculate the average thickness. But in any case, imprint
The insulation thickness at the marked indentation shall be in accordance with the minimum values specified in the relevant cable product standard.
If the specified insulation thickness is 0.5mm or more, the reading shall be measured to two decimal places (in mm); if the specified insulation thickness
When the degree is less than 0.5mm, the reading should be measured to three decimal places, and the third digit is the estimated number.
8.1.5 Assessment of measurement results
The measurement results shall be assessed in accordance with the requirements of the test requirements in the relevant cable product standards.
For the mechanical performance test, the average value δ of each test piece thickness (see 9.1.4b1) shall be based on the 6 measured values measured on the test piece.
Calculation.
8.2 Non-metallic sheath thickness measurement
8.2.1 Overview
The thickness of the jacket can be measured as a separate test or as a step in other tests such as mechanical performance testing.
The test method is also applicable to the measurement of other sheaths of a specified thickness, such as the isolating sleeve and the outer sheath.
In all cases, the sampling method should be in accordance with the relevant cable product standards.
8.2.2 Measuring device
(see 8.1.2)
8.2.3 Preparation of test pieces
Remove all components (if any) inside and outside the sheath, with a suitable tool (sharp blades such as razor blades, etc.) perpendicular to the cable axis
The plane of the line cuts the sheet.
If there is an embossed mark dent on the sheath, the thickness will be thinned, so the test piece should take a section containing the mark.
8.2.4 Measurement steps
The test piece is placed on the working surface of the measuring device, and the cutting surface is perpendicular to the optical axis.
a) When the inside of the test piece is round, measure 6 points in the radial direction according to Figure 1;
b) If the inner surface of the test piece is substantially irregular or not smooth, measure 6 points radially at the thinnest part of the sheath as shown in Figure 7;
c) When there is a conductor on the inside of the test piece that causes a deep groove, it should be measured radially at the bottom of each groove as shown in Figure 8. When the number of grooves exceeds
When 6 is used, it should be measured according to item b);
d) When the outer surface of the sheath is irregular due to the shape of the scratch tape or the ribbed sheath, it shall be measured as shown in Figure 9;
e) For sheathed flat cords, in accordance with Figure 10, in a direction substantially parallel to the minor axis of each insulated core section and on the major axis
Do not measure. But in any case, measure a little at the thinnest point;
f) Flat cables with six cores and below sheathed shall be measured as shown in Figure 11.
--- Measured along the long axis of the cross section at both ends of the circular arc;
--- on both sides of the flat, measured on the first and last insulated core; if the thinnest thickness is not in the above several measurements
In the middle, the thickness of the thinnest part and its opposite direction should be measured.
The above provisions also apply to the measurement of the thickness of the flat cable sheath of more than six cores, but the intermediate insulated core or the insulated core should be added.
For even numbers, take one of the two insulated cores in the middle for measurement.
In any case, one measurement should be made at the thinnest part of the jacket.
If the sheath sample includes embossed mark dents, the thickness at that location should not be used to calculate the average thickness. But in any case, imprinted mark
The thickness of the jacket at the indentation shall be in accordance with the minimum values specified in the relevant cable product standard.
The reading should be two decimal places (in mm).
8.2.5 Assessment of measurement results
The measurement results shall be assessed in accordance with the requirements of the test requirements in the relevant cable product standards.
For mechanical performance tests, the average thickness δ of each test piece (see 9.2.4) shall be calculated from all measured values measured on the test piece.
8.3 Dimensional measurement
8.3.1 Overview
The measurement of the outer diameter of the core insulation and the outer diameter of the jacket can be used as a separate test or as a step in other tests.
Unless a special test procedure specifies a different or alternative method, the general measurement method is specified in 8.3.2 below.
In all cases, the sampling method should be in accordance with the relevant cable product standards.
8.3.2 Measurement steps
a) When the outer diameter of the cord and cable does not exceed 25 mm, use a micrometer, projector or similar instrument in two directions perpendicular to each other.
Measured separately;
Routine tests are allowed to be measured with a scale micrometer or vernier caliper, and the contact pressure should be minimized during the measurement;
b) When the outer diameter of the cord and cable exceeds 25 mm, measure the circumference of the circumference with a measuring tape and calculate the diameter. Can also be used straight
Measuring tape measurement of the reading;
c) Flat cords and cables shall be measured along the long and short axes of the cross section using a micrometer, projector or similar instrument. except
Unless otherwise specified in the non-related cable product standards; for sizes 25mm and below, the reading should be two decimal places (
Mm meter), if the size is 25mm or more, the reading should be one decimal place.
8.3.3 Assessment of measurement results
The measurement results shall be assessed in accordance with the requirements of the test requirements in the relevant cable product standards.
9 Methods for measuring the mechanical properties of insulating and sheathing materials
9.1 Insulation materials
9.1.1 Overview
The method is in the condition that the cable is made (ie, not aged), and if required, it can also be specified in the relevant cable product standard.
After one or several accelerated aging treatments, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the cable insulation (excluding the semiconductive layer) were measured.
The air oven, air bomb and oxygen bomb aging steps are specified in Chapter 8 of GB/T 2951.12-2008.
The test piece to be aged shall be taken from the next section of the test piece adjacent to the unaged test. Tensile test of aged and unaged specimens shall be continuous
get on.
Note. If it is necessary to increase the reliability of the test, it is recommended that the same operator use the same test method and be old on the same machine in the same laboratory.
Tested on untreated and unaged specimens.
9.1.2 Sampling
Cut a sufficiently long sample from each of the tested insulated core samples (or each insulated sample from which the insulated core is taken) for pre-aging
At least 5 test pieces for mechanical performance test and at least 5 test pieces for various aging tests are required. Care should be taken to prepare samples for each test piece.
The length is 100mm.
The insulated core of the flat cord should not be separated.
Any sample with mechanical damage should not be used for testing.
9.1.3 Preparation and handling of test pieces
Note. It is recommended to read Section 9.1.3c) “Handling of Test Pieces” before preparing the test piece.
a) Dumbbell test piece
Use dumbbell specimens whenever possible. The insulated core is axially cut, the conductor is extracted, and the dumbbell test piece is prepared from the insulating sample.
If there are semi-conductive layers on the inner and outer sides of the insulation, mechanical methods should be used instead of solvent.
Each insulation sample shall be cut into strips of appropriate length and marked on the test strip to identify which specimen is taken from and on the specimen.
Locations related to each other.
The insulation strips shall be flattened or flattened so that the marking lines have parallel surfaces. Care should be taken to avoid overheating when grinding, the actual size of the chipper
See Appendix A for examples. Insulation of PE and PP can only be flattened and not smoothed. After smoothing or flattening, including the removal of burrs, try
The strip thickness shall be not less than 0.8 mm and not more than 2.0 mm. If a thickness of 0.8 mm cannot be obtained, the minimum thickness is allowed to be
0.6mm.
Then, the dumbbell test piece shown in Fig. 12 is punched on the prepared insulating test strip, and if possible, two dumbbell test pieces should be punched side by side.
In order to improve the reliability of the test results, the following measures are recommended.
--- Die (dumbbell knife) should be very sharp to reduce defects on the test piece;
--- Place a cardboard or other suitable gasket between the test strip and the bottom plate. The gasket may be broken during the blanking process.
But it will not be completely cut off by the die (dumbbell knife);
--- Should avoid burrs on both sides of the test piece.
For materials that may be able to punch out a burred dumbbell test piece, the following methods can be used.
1) There should be a 2.5mm wide, 2.5mm high groove at both ends of the die (see Figure 14);
2) Both ends of the punched dumbbell test piece are still connected with the test strip prepared according to the requirements of 9.1.3a) (see Figure 15);
3) Using the equipment of Appendix A, the excess (0.10~0.15) mm thickness can be cut off to remove the damage caused by the dumbbell die.
A burr that can appear. After the above operation, both ends of the dumbbell test piece are cut from the insulating test strip, and the dumbbell test piece is taken out.
When the diameter of the insulated core is too small to punch the test piece with the die of Fig. 12, the small test die shown in Fig. 13 can be used to prepare the test strip.
Punch the test piece.
Before the tensile test, mark two marking lines in the center of each dumbbell test piece. Distance between. large dumbbell test piece is 20mm; small dumb
The bell test piece is 10mm.
Allow the ends of the dumbbell specimen to be incomplete as long as the break point occurs between the marking lines.
b) tubular test piece
The tubular test piece is used only when the insulated core size cannot prepare the dumbbell test piece.
Cut the core sample into small pieces of about 100 mm length, extract the conductor, remove all the outer sheath, and take care not to damage the insulation. Each
The tubular test pieces are marked with a mark to identify which sample is taken from and where they are related to each other on the sample.
One or more of the following methods of operation can facilitate the extraction of the conductor.
1) stretching the hard conductor;
2) Carefully roll the insulated core under the action of small mechanical force;
3) If it is a stranded core or a soft conductor, first extract one or several conductors from the center.
After the conductor is withdrawn, the barrier layer, if any, is removed. If you have difficulty, you can use any of the following methods.
--- If it is a paper barrier, immerse in water;
--- If it is a polyester barrier, immerse in alcohol;
--- Roll insulation on a smooth surface.
Before the tensile test, two marks are placed in the middle of each tubular test piece with a spacing of 20 mm.
If the barrier remains in the tubular test piece, the test piece will be found to be irregular when stretched during the tensile test.
If the above occurs, the test results should be void.
c) The handling of the test piece shall be carried out in accordance with the following provisions
1) High temperature treatment
When the relevant cable product standard requires the sample to be treated at high temperature, or if there is any doubt about the test result, the following formula should be used.
Repeat the test after the treatment.
---For dumbbell test pieces
(A) After removing the insulation from the cable, remove the semi-conductive layer (if any) and advance the test piece before punching the dumbbell test piece.
Line processing
(B) The sample is smoothed or flattened to obtain a parallel surface and then treated.
When the sample does not need to be flattened (or flattened), it is treated according to the test protocol of (A).
--- For tubular specimens, take out the conductor and the isolation layer (if any) before marking the test piece with the marking of the tensile test
The test piece is processed.
When the cable product standard requires high temperature processing, the cable product standard shall specify the temperature and time of the treatment.
In case of doubt, the specimen shall be placed at (70 ± 2) °C for 24 h or at a temperature below the maximum working temperature of the conductor for 24 h.
After the test.
2) Ambient temperature treatment
Before measuring the cross-sectional area, all test pieces should be protected from direct sunlight and stored at (23 ± 5) °C for at least 3h, but
The storage temperature of the thermoplastic insulation test piece is (23 ± 2) °C.
9.1.4 Measurement of cross-sectional area
a) Dumbbell test piece
The cross-sectional area of each test piece is the product of the width of the test piece and the minimum thickness measured. The width and thickness of the test piece shall be measured as follows.
width.
--- arbitrarily select three test pieces to measure their width, take the minimum value as the width of the set of dumbbell test pieces;
--- If there is any doubt about the uniformity of the width, the width of the upper and lower sides should be measured in three places on three test pieces.
Calculate the average of the measured values at the upper and lower measurements. The minimum of the nine average values of the three test pieces is the set of dumbbell test pieces.
The width. If in doubt, the width should be measured on each test piece.
thickness.
--- The thickness of each test piece is taken as the minimum value of three measurements in the stretched area.
Measurements should be made using an optical instrument or a pointer thickness gauge with a contact pressure of no more than 0.07 N/mm2.
The error when measuring thickness should be no more than 0.01mm, and the error when measuring width should be no more than 0.04mm.
Optical instruments should be used if in doubt and where technically feasible. Or you can use the contact pressure is not greater than
0.02N/mm2 pointer type thickness gauge.
Note. If the middle part of the dumbbell test piece is curved, a pointer type thickness gauge with a suitable curved measuring head can be used.
b) tubular test piece
A test piece ...
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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