GB/T 29289.2-2025 PDF English
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Safety in consumer products life cycle - Part 2: Design
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GB/T 29289.2-2025: Safety in consumer products life cycle - Part 2: Design---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT29289.2-2025
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 03.120.99
CCS A 00
Replacing GB/T 29289-2012
Safety in Consumer Products Life Cycle - Part 2.Design
Issued on: MAY 30, 2025
Implemented on: DECEMBER 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 5
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative References... 6
3 Terms and Definitions... 6
4 General Processes... 8
5 Information Collection... 10
6 Intended Use Analysis... 10
6.1 Overview... 10
6.2 User Population... 10
6.3 Consumer Product Characteristics... 12
6.4 Usage Environment... 12
7 Risk Assessment... 12
7.1 Overview... 12
7.2 Hazard Identification... 12
7.3 Risk Estimation and Risk Evaluation... 12
8 Design Methods... 13
8.1 Design Strategy... 13
8.2 Direct Safety Design... 13
8.3 Indirect Safety Design... 15
8.4 Suggestive Safety Design... 16
Bibliography... 18
Safety in Consumer Products Life Cycle - Part 2.Design
1 Scope
This document specifies the general processes for consumer product safety design, and
describes information collection, intended use analysis, risk assessment and design methods.
This document is intended to guide relevant parties in conducting consumer product safety
design activities.
2 Normative References
This document does not have normative references.
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions are applicable to this document.
3.1 consumer product
Product designed and produced primarily, but not exclusively, for personal use.
NOTE. it includes product assemblies, components and parts, accessories, instructions and
packaging. For detailed consumer product classification, see GB/T 36431.
[source. GB/T 35248-2017, 2.2, modified]
3.2 intended use
Use in accordance with the information provided with the product and / or system, or in the
absence of such information, in accordance with commonly understood patterns of use.
[source. GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.6, modified]
3.3 reasonably foreseeable misuse
Use of the product and / or system other than as provided by the supply-side, resulting from
readily foreseeable human behavior.
[source. GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.7]
3.4 hazard
Potential source of injury.
A situation in which people or property are exposed to one or multiple hazards.
[source. GB/T 20002.4-2015, 3.4, modified]
4 General Processes
The general processes for consumer product safety design are shown in Figure 1 and include
the following parts.
a) Information collection;
b) Intended use analysis;
c) Risk assessment;
d) Safety design.
5 Information Collection
Information related to consumer product safety design may be collected from the following
channels. The information source includes, but is not limited to.
a) Relevant laws and regulations, including laws, administrative regulations and
departmental rules;
b) Relevant consumer product standards, including national standards, industry
standards, group standards, and international and foreign standards, etc.;
c) Relevant database information, such as recall notifications and spot check results, etc.;
d) Simulation experiments, comparative tests, product testing, etc.;
e) Consumer complaint information;
f) Media reports;
g) Industry research reports, expert opinions, etc.;
h) Other relevant information.
6 Intended Use Analysis
6.1 Overview
Intended use analysis includes an analysis of the intended reasonable use, reasonably
foreseeable misuse, and faults of a consumer product, and clarifies the correlations among the
user population, consumer product characteristics, and usage environment.
6.2 User Population
6.2.1 General requirements
When designing a consumer product, an analysis of the consumer population shall be conducted,
specifically including the consumer’s gender, age, intelligence level, physical ability, education,
risk appetite, and proficiency in using the consumer product.
6.2.2 User population categories
The intended user population of consumer products includes, but is not limited to, the following.
a) The general population;
b) People with special physical needs, such as the elderly, children, the disabled, and
pregnant women.
a) The pregnant women’s physiological characteristics, body shape change patterns,
changes in motion characteristics, and any resulting discomfort, etc.;
b) The pregnant women’s special demands for product materials, environmental
sensitivity, strength and function, etc.;
c) The pregnant women’s demands for product usability;
d) Others.
6.2.7 Usage behavior
The intended reasonable use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of the consumer product should
be considered on the premise of not changing the product function.
6.3 Consumer Product Characteristics
The analysis of consumer product safety characteristics may include characteristic analysis of
the following. product appearance, function, performance, physical hazard, chemical hazard,
biohazard, information hazard, ethical hazard and others. The classification of the above-
mentioned hazard is provided in Appendix C of GB/T 22760-2020 and Appendix B of GB/T
45097.1-2024.
6.4 Usage Environment
The analysis of the usage environment of consumer products primarily involves constructing
potential hazardous situations for the consumer products and conducting an analysis of the
product’s usage space, temperature, humidity and other factors within each hazardous situation.
7 Risk Assessment
7.1 Overview
Risk assessment primarily involves three steps. hazard identification, risk estimation and risk
evaluation. First, identify potential hazards that may cause injury at each stage of the consumer
product life cycle, such as physical hazard, chemical hazard, biohazard, information hazard and
ethical hazard. Construct hazardous situations and carry out risk estimation and risk evaluation
to determine the product’s risk level.
7.2 Hazard Identification
Hazard identification for consumer products may be conducted in accordance with Chapter 5
of GB/T 39011-2020 and Chapter 6 of GB/T 45097.1-2024.
7.3 Risk Estimation and Risk Evaluation
Risk estimation and risk evaluation for consumer products may be conducted in accordance
with Chapter 4 of GB/T 22760-2020, and Chapter 8 and Chapter 9 of GB/T 45097.2-2024.
8 Design Methods
8.1 Design Strategy
For hazards that cause risks exceeding the tolerable risk, product design improvements shall be
implemented to achieve a tolerable risk level. When the proposed product design improvement
method conflicts with enterprise costs, priority should be given to product design methods that
achieve a tolerable risk level. Product design methods should be selected in accordance with
the three steps of “direct safety design indirect safety design suggestive safety design”.
8.2 Direct Safety Design
8.2.1 General
The direct safety design of consumer products focuses on the intrinsic safety of consumer
products. This refers to protective measures that eliminate hazards or reduce the risks associated
with hazards by modifying product design or functional characteristics rather than by using
protective devices or safeguards. Consumer products shall be designed to meet the demands of
achieving existing functions and performance, and shall be suitable for the consumer population,
consumer product characteristics and usage environment. In addition, based on all the possible
hazards that have been identified in the consumer product life cycle, different intrinsically safe
design measures shall be taken to control risks and reduce risks to a tolerable risk level.
8.2.2 Physical hazard
Design measures for physical hazard in consumer products may include, but are not limited to,
the following contents.
a) Mechanical hazard. consider product appearance, dimensions, shape, color, as well as
assembly stability, strength, pressure space, elasticity, and kinetic energy fluctuations
when designing the product.
b) Explosion hazard. based on potential gas-phase, liquid-phase, and solid-phase
explosion hazards, select appropriate materials, material combinations, and product
structural design solutions;
c) Noise hazard. based on potential stability, mobility and impulse noise hazards,
optimize materials and reasonably design the structure, shape, and dimensions of
assemblies;
d) Electrical hazard. based on potential electric shock and electrical explosion hazards,
select insulating and stable materials. In addition, optimize the combinational design
by comprehensively considering factors, such as temperature, resistance, voltage and
structure, etc.;
e) High / low material hazard. based on potential high and low temperature hazards,
select raw materials with thermal insulation and stable performance, and optimize the
combinational design of the product’s structure and shape, etc.;
f) Radiation hazard. based on potential hazards, such as thermal radiation, radiation and
electromagnetic radiation, select raw materials with radiation protection, and optimize
the design of the product’s dimensions, assemblies, shape and structure, etc.
8.2.3 Chemical hazard
Chemical hazard includes inorganic and organic chemical hazard. Based on the conclusions of
product safety risk assessment, during the product design stage, in addition to selecting raw
materials that comply with the requirements of laws, regulations, national standards and
industry standards, comprehensive consideration shall be given to ensuring that the product
remains compliant with the above-mentioned laws, regulations, and standards under multiple
chemical hazard combinations or reasonably foreseeable misuse during use. Furthermore, strict
control must be exercised over chemical hazard at all stages of the product’s production
processes, the use of additives, packaging, storage, and transportation, etc., to avoid intolerable
risks caused by chemical hazard.
8.2.4 Biohazard
Biohazard includes pathogenic microorganisms and pathogenic biohazard. Based on the
conclusions of the product safety risk assessment, during the product design stage, safe and
hygienic raw materials and outer packaging shall be selected. In addition, scientific regulations
shall be established for all stages of the use of additives during the production process, processes,
packaging, storage and transportation, to avoid intolerable risks caused by chemical hazard
(TRANSLATOR NOTE. it should be biohazard).
8.2.5 Information hazard
Design measures for information hazard may include, but are not limited to, the following
contents.
a) Data privacy leakage. develop a privacy policy for the collection and use of personal
information, as well as the user’s autonomy that needs to be satisfied in all links of
collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, public disclosure,
sharing and transfer of personal information. Optimize the design of personal
information retention periods, storage categories and durations, information deletion,
and sensitive information handling, etc.
b) Remote control risk. design functions, such as remote access control, identity
authentication and user passwords.
c) Device vulnerabilities and malicious software. consider the required ports and the
number of the ports and reasonably design them. Based on the product’s firmware
update mechanism, update files, anti-tampering function and encryption processing
of key codes and important data, as well as the strength of encryption, etc., carry out
product design;
d) Network communication security risk. consider data confidentiality, integrity and
replay attacks during data transmission; design reasonable protection mechanisms.
Consider code security and avoid hard-coding sensitive information.
8.2.6 Ethical hazard
Design measures for ethical hazard may include, but are not limited to, the following contents.
a) From the perspective of product design philosophy, prioritize the protection of
fundamental human rights, such as freedom and dignity, uphold globally recognized
morality and ethics, enhance human professional development and life experiences,
and DO NOT compromise the status of human beings as principal actors;
b) Product design shall adhere to the fundamental direction of promoting sustainable
human development, protecting the interests of vulnerable groups, and not violating
human morality and ethics;
c) Data used in products shall be relatively objective, neutral and representative as a
whole, while taking into account both universal applicability and the demands of
specific populations;
d) In terms of the design of the scope of information collection, the collection and use
of personal information shall adhere to the principle of minimum necessity. In
particular, the processing of sensitive personal information shall be based on the
explicit consent of the personal information subject or specific circumstances
stipulated by law;
e) Product design should consider ensuring that the product can perform its specific
function without malfunctions within a certain timeframe and under certain
conditions, and that in the event of a malfunction, it shall be capable of effectively
shutting down and enabling human control;
f) In terms of product algorithm design, prioritize highly interpretable algorithm models
to provide users with clear, understandable and comprehensive explanations of the
product’s operating mechanisms, and clearly inform users of the product’s limitations
and potential risks;
g) The algorithm models and results of product design can be repeatedly verified under
equal or approximate conditions.
8.3 Indirect Safety Design
8.3.1 Overview
Indirect safety design includes the design of supplementary protective measures, such as
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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