GB/T 2828.1-2012 PDF in English
GB/T 2828.1-2012 (GB/T2828.1-2012, GBT 2828.1-2012, GBT2828.1-2012)
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Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes -- Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
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| GB/T 2828.1-2003 | English | RFQ |
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Sampling procedures -- Part 1: retrieval by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection sampling plan
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Sampling procedures and tables for lot-by-lot inspection by attributes (Apply to inspection of successive lots or batches)
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Sampling procedures and tables for lot-by-lot inspection by attributes (Apply to inspection of successive lots or batches)
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GB/T 2828.1-2012: PDF in English (GBT 2828.1-2012) GB/T 2828.1-2012
Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1. Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
ICS 03.120.30
A41
National Standards of People's Republic of China
Replace GB/T 2828.1-2003
Counting sampling inspection procedures - Part 1. Batch-to-batch sampling plans, searched by the acceptance quality limit (AQL)
Released on.2012-11-05
2013-02-15 implementation
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
China National Standardization Administration issued
Content
Foreword III
1 range 1
2 Normative references 1
3 terms and definitions, symbol 1
4 unqualified representation 6
5 Receive Quality Limit (AQL) 6
6 Product batch submission 7
7 Receive and not receive 7
8 sample extraction 8
9 Normal, tightened and relaxed test 8
10 Sampling plan 10
11 Acceptability judgment 11
12 Additional information (statistical characteristics of the sampling plan) 11
13 fractional reception number one sampling plan (optional) 13
Table 1 Sample size code 14
Table 2-A One-time sampling plan for normal inspection (main table) 15
Table 2-B Strict inspection once sampling plan (main table) 16
Table 2-C Relaxation test one sampling plan (main table) 17
Table 3-A Normal inspection subsampling plan (main table) 18
Table 3-B Strict inspection subsampling plan (main table) 19
Table 3-C Relaxation test subsampling plan (main table) 20
Table 4-A Normal Inspection Multiple Sampling Plan (Main Table) 21
Table 4-B Strict inspection multiple sampling plan (main table) 24
Table 4-C Relaxation test Multiple sampling plan (main table) 27
Table 5-A Producer risks for normal inspections (expressed as a percentage of a sampling plan that is not expected to receive a batch) 30
Table 5-B Producer risks for tightened inspections (expressed as a percentage of a sampling plan that is not expected to receive a batch) 31
Table 5-C Relaxation of producer risk for inspections (expressed as a percentage of a sampling plan that is not expected to receive a batch) 32
Table 6-A Quality of the user's risk for normal inspection (expressed as a percentage of nonconforming product for a sampling plan, suitable for the percentage of nonconforming product) 33
Table 6-B Consumer risk quality of the tightened test (expressed as a percentage of nonconforming product for a sampling plan, suitable for the percentage test of nonconforming product) 34
Table 6-C Relaxation of the quality of the user's risk of the test (for a single sampling plan expressed as a percentage of nonconforming product, suitable for the percentage test of nonconforming product) 35
Table 7-A Consumer risk quality of normal inspection (expressed for the number of unqualified products per 100 units for one sampling plan, suitable for the number of unqualified products per hundred units) 36
Table 7-B Consumer risk quality of the tightened test (expressed for the number of unqualified products per 100 units for a single sampling plan, suitable for the number of unqualified products per hundred units) 37
Table 7-C Relaxation of the user's risk quality of the test (expressed for the number of unqualified products per 100 units for a single sampling plan, suitable for the number of unqualified products per hundred units) 38
Table 8-A Upper limit of average detection quality for normal inspections (one sampling plan) 39
Table 8-B Upper limit of average detection quality for a tightened test (one sampling plan) 40
Table 9 Average sample size curves for primary, secondary and multiple sampling (normal, tightened and relaxed tests) 41
Table 10-A Table for sample size code A (single plan) 43
Table 10-B Table for sample size code B (single plan) 45
Table 10-C Table for sample size code C (single plan) 47
Table 10-D Table for sample size code D (single plan) 49
Table 10-E Table for sample size code E (single plan) 51
Table 10-F Table for sample size code F (single plan) 53
Table 10-G Table for sample size code G (single plan) 55
Table 10-H Table for sample size code H (single plan) 57
Table 10-J Table for sample size code J (single plan) 59
Table 10-K Table for sample size code K (single plan) 61
Table 10-L Table for sample size code L (single plan) 63
Table 10-M Table for sample size code M (single plan) 65
Table 10-N Table for sample size code N (single plan) 67
Table 10-P Table for sample size code P (single plan) 69
Table 10-Q Table for sample size code Q (single plan) 71
Table 10-R Table for sample size code R (single plan) 73
Table 10-S Table for sample size code S (single plan) 75
Table 11-A Normal Inspection Once Sampling Plan (Assistant Master) 76
Table 11-B Strict inspection once sampling plan (auxiliary main table) 77
Table 11-C Relaxation test one sampling plan (auxiliary master table) 78
Table 12 OC curve (design value) of the sampling plan 79
Appendix A (informative) Example 81 of the unfixed sampling plan
Reference 82
Foreword
GB/T 2828 "Counting Sampling Inspection Procedure" is divided into the following parts.
--- Part 1. Batch-by-batch sampling plan (ISO 2859-1.1999, IDT) retrieved by acceptance quality limit (AQL)
--- Part 2. Isolated batch inspection sampling plan by limit mass (LQ) (ISO 2859-2.1985, NEQ)
--- Part 3. Jump batch sampling procedure (ISO 2859-3.2005, IDT)
--- Part 4. Procedures for claiming quality levels (ISO 2859-4.2002, MOD)
--- Part 5. Batch-by-batch sequential sampling inspection system based on reception quality limit (AQL) (ISO 2859-5.2005, IDT)
--- Part 10. GB/T 2828 counting sampling test series of standard guidelines (ISO 2859-10.2006, MOD)
--- Part 11. Small overall claim quality assessment procedures
This part is the first part of GB/T 2828.
This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This part replaces GB/T 2828.1-2003 "Counting sampling inspection procedures Part 1. Search by the acceptance quality limit (AQL)
Batch inspection sampling plan.
Compared with GB/T 2828.1-2003, the changes in technical content mainly include.
--- Terms and definitions, symbols have been modified according to GB/T 3358.2-2009. For example, change the "sampling characteristic curve" to "operational special
"The curve"; the interpretation of "defects" is defined by the term "defects" when evaluating the quality characteristics of a product or service by custom.
"defects" can be used when evaluating the quality characteristics of a product or service from a usage perspective rather than from a regulatory perspective.
This term";
--- Added a graph of Ac=4 in the average sample size curve for primary, secondary and multiple sampling in Table 9;
--- Modified some of the textual descriptions.
This part is equivalent to the international standard ISO 2859-1.1999 "Counting sampling inspection procedures Part 1. According to the acceptance quality limit (AQL)
The batch-by-batch sampling plan for the cable and the ISO 2859-1.1999 technical amendment issued by.2001-03-01. At the same time retaining GB/T 2828.1-
The following corrections to ISO 2859-1.1999 in.2003.
--- Delete the arrow in the curve of Ac=12 in Table 9;
--- In the curve of Ac = 7 in Table 9, the arrow position moved from 3 to 3.15;
--- In the curve of Ac=27, Ac=30, Ac=41, Ac=44 in Table 9, the abscissa is changed to “n×100 unit product mismatch
Number of grids/100".
Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document is not responsible for identifying these patents.
This part was proposed by the China National Institute of Standardization.
This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Statistical Methods and Applications Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC21).
This section was drafted by. China National Institute of Standardization, Chinese People's Liberation Army Ordnance Engineering College, Chinese Academy of Sciences Mathematics and Systems Science
Research Institute, Xiamen Huajian Testing Technology Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this section. Yu Zhenfan, Zhang Yuzhu, Ding Wenxing, Xiao Hui, Zhang Fan, Feng Shizhen, Ma Yilin, Liu Wen, Wan Feng.
This section replaces the standard previous version release.
---GB 2828-1981, GB/T 2828-1987, GB/T 2828.1-2003.
Counting sampling test procedure
Part 1. Retrieved by the reception quality limit (AQL)
Batch-by-batch inspection sampling plan
1 Scope
1.1 This section specifies a counting sampling inspection system. This section uses the Receive Quality Limit (AQL) to retrieve.
The purpose of this section is to induce the supplier to economically and psychologically exert pressure by not accepting the batch, and to promote the process to average the quality of water.
The flat value remains below the specified reception quality limit while providing an upper limit to the probability that the consumer will receive the inferior batch. Specified in this section
The sampling plan can be used for (but not limited to) the following tests.
---Final product;
---Parts and raw materials;
---operating;
--- work in progress;
---Inventory;
---Maintenance operation;
---Data or record;
---Management procedures.
1.2 The sampling plan in this section is primarily applicable to continuous series of batches. The series of consecutive series batches is long enough to allow the use of transfer rules
(see 9.3). These rules are.
a) In the event of deterioration in quality, in order to provide protection to the user, transfer to a tightened test or a suspended sampling test;
b) If the quality has been relatively good, in order to reduce the inspection cost, with the consent of the responsible department, according to the transfer rules, it can be transferred to the relaxation test.
The sampling plan in this section can also be used for the inspection of isolated batches, but in this case, users are strongly advised to carefully analyze the sampling plan.
The operating characteristic curve (see 12.6) determines a sampling plan that gives the desired protection; the user can also refer to GB/T 2828.2-
The sampling plan for the search by limit mass (LQ) given in.2008.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version is appropriate for this document.
For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 2828.2-2008 - Test procedures for counting sampling - Part 2. s
Case (ISO 2859-2.1985, NEQ)
GB/T 2828.3-2008 Procedures for the enumeration of samplings - Part 3. Procedures for the sampling of jumps (ISO 2859-3.2005, IDT)
GB/T 3358.1-2009 Statistical vocabulary and symbols Part 1. General statistical terms and terms used for probability
(ISO 3534-1.2006, IDT)
GB/T 3358.2-2009 Statistical vocabulary and symbols - Part 2. Application statistics (ISO 3534-2.2006, IDT)
3 terms and definitions, symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 3358.1-2009 and GB/T 3358.2-2009 apply to this document.
3.1.1
Inspection inspection
Measure, inspect, test, or measure one or more characteristics of a product or service to determine whether the characteristics of the product or service are acceptable, and
Activities that are compared to the required requirements.
3.1.2
Initial inspection originalinspection
The first inspection of the batch in accordance with the provisions of this section.
Note. The initial inspection must be distinguished from the inspection that was previously rejected and submitted to the batch again.
3.1.3
Count test inspectionbyattributes
Regarding a specified one or a group of requirements, or only dividing the unit product into qualified or unqualified, or only calculating the unit product
The test of the number of cells.
Note. The counting test includes both the inspection of the product's eligibility and the inspection of the number of unqualified products per 100 units.
3.1.4
Unit product item
A thing that can be described and considered separately.
E.g.
--- A tangible entity;
--- A certain amount of material;
--- a service, an activity or a process;
--- an organization or individual;
--- Any combination of the above items.
3.1.5
Unqualified nonconformity
Does not meet the requirements of the specification.
Note 1. In some cases, the specification is consistent with the requirements of the user (see Defect, 3.1.6); in other cases they may be inconsistent, or more severe, or wider, or
Do not fully know or understand the exact relationship between the two.
Note 2. They are usually classified according to the severity of the failure, for example.
--- Class A is considered to be the most unqualified type of failure. In the acceptance sampling, a small amount will be assigned to this type of failure.
AQL value.
--- Class B considers a type of failure that is slightly lower than Class A. If there is a third category (C class) that is unqualified, it can be given to class B.
The grid specifies an AQL value that is larger than the Class A failure but less than the Class C failure. The rest of the unqualified types and so on.
Note 3. Adding characteristics and unqualified classifications usually affect the total acceptance probability of the product.
Note 4. Items that fail to be classified, which category they belong to, and the quality limits for each type of selection should be appropriate to the quality requirements of the particular situation.
3.1.6
Defect defect
Does not meet the expected usage requirements.
Note 1. The term “defect” can be used when evaluating the quality characteristics of a product or service from a point of view rather than from a regulatory perspective.
Note 2. The concept of distinguishing between defects and non-conformities is important because it has legal implications, especially related to product liability issues. Therefore, the term "missing
"The trap" should be used with caution.
3.1.7
Nonconforming product
Have one or more unqualified products.
Note. Non-conforming products are usually classified according to the severity of the failure, for example.
--- Class A contains one or more Class A unqualified, and may also contain Class B and/or Class C unqualified products.
--- Class B contains one or more Class B unqualified, and may also contain Class C and other unqualified products, but does not include Class A unqualified products.
3.1.8
(sample) percentage of nonconforming product percentnonconforming(inasample)
Divide the number of non-conforming items in the sample by the sample size and multiply by 100, ie.
d/n×100
In the formula.
d---the number of unqualified items in the sample;
n---sample size.
3.1.9
(overall or batch) percentage of nonconforming product percentnonconforming(inapopulationorlot)
The number of non-conforming items in the total or batch is divided by the total quantity or batch and multiplied by 100, namely.
100p=D/N×100
In the formula.
p --- unqualified product rate;
D---the number of unqualified items in the whole or batch;
N---total amount or batch.
Note. The term “percentage of nonconforming product” (see 3.1.8 and 3.1.9) and “number of unqualified products per hundred units” (see 3.1.10 and 3.1.11) are replaced in this section.
The theoretical terms "non-conforming product rate" and "number of unqualified products per unit" are used because the former is commonly used in standards.
3.1.10
(sample) Nonconformities per 100 units of product nonconformitiesper100items (inasample)
Divide the number of non-conformities in the sample by the sample size and multiply by 100, ie.
d/n×100
In the formula.
d---the number of non-conformities in the sample;
n---sample size.
3.1.11
(overall or batch) nonconformitiesper100items (inapopulationorlot) per 100 units of product failure
The number of failures in the total or batch divided by the total amount or batch and multiplied by 100, namely.
100p=D/N×100
In the formula.
p --- the number of unqualified products per unit;
D---the total number of unqualified or batches;
N---total amount or batch.
Note. A unit product may contain one or more failures.
3.1.12
Responsible department responsible authority
The concepts used to maintain the neutrality of this section (should be clear in the specification), regardless of whether this section is being first, second or
Third party cited or utilized.
Note 1. The responsible department can be.
a) the quality department within the supplier organization (first party);
b) the purchaser or the purchasing organization (second party);
c) an independent verification or certification body (third party);
d) Any of the functions described in the written agreement between the parties (such as the documents of the supplier and the purchaser) (see Note 2), different from either a), b) or c).
Note 2. This section outlines the responsibilities and functions of the responsible department (see 5.2, 6.2, 7.2, 7.3, 7.5, 7.6, 9.1, 9.3.3, 9.4, 10.1, 10.3 and 13.1).
3.1.13
Batch lot
A quantity of a certain product, material, or service that is brought together.
Note. “Batch” in this section refers specifically to the batch submitted for inspection, which may consist of several production batches or a part of a production batch.
3.1.14
Batch lotsize
The number of unit products included in the batch.
3.1.15
Sample sample
A product or group of products taken from a batch and providing the batch information.
3.1.16
Sample size
The number of unit products included in the sample.
3.1.17
Sampling plan samplingplan
A combination of sample size and batch acceptance criteria.
Note 1. A sampling plan is a combination of sample size, number of receipts and number of rejections. The subsampling scheme is two sample sizes, the number of received samples and the number of rejections of the first sample.
And the combination of the number of received and rejected numbers of the joint sample.
Note 2. The sampling plan does not include rules on how to extract samples.
Note 3. For this part, the term sampling plan (see 3.1.17), the sampling plan (see 3.1.18) and the sampling system (see 3.1.19) should be distinguished.
3.1.18
Sampling plan samplingscheme
A combination of a sampling plan and a rule that changes from one sampling plan to another.
Note. See 9.3.
3.1.19
Sampling system samplingsystem
A collection of sampling plans or sampling plans and sampling procedures. Among them, the sampling plan has rules for changing the sampling plan, while the sampling procedure is
Includes guidelines for selecting an appropriate sampling plan or sampling plan.
Note. This section is a sampling system based on batch range, inspection level and AQL search. Retrieved by LQ in GB/T 2828.2-2008
Another sampling system.
3.1.20
Normal inspection normalinspection
When the process average (see 3.1.25) is better than the acceptance quality limit (see 3.1.26), one of the pumps used to ensure that the batch is received with a high probability
Inspection of the sample plan.
Note. A normal test is performed when there is no reason to suspect that the process average is different from the specified acceptance quality limit.
3.1.21
Strict inspection of tightenedinspection
A test of a sampling plan using a more stringent acceptance criterion than the corresponding normal test sampling plan acceptance criteria.
Note 1. Under normal circumstances, keep the sample size unchanged, and reduce the number of reception to generate a sampling plan for tightened inspection; when the number of receptions of the normal inspection sampling plan is
In the case where 0 and part of the number of receptions are 1, it is necessary to increase the sample size to generate a sampling plan for the tightened test.
Note 2. When the test result of the predetermined continuous batch number indicates that the process average (see 3.1.25) may be inferior to the acceptance quality limit (see 3.1.26), tightening is carried out.
test.
3.1.22
Relaxation test reducedinspection
The sample size is smaller than the sample size of the corresponding normal test sampling plan, and the acceptance criteria are different from the acceptance criteria of the normal test sampling plan.
A small test of a sampling plan.
Note 1. The discriminating ability of the relaxation test is lower than the normal test.
Note 2. Relaxation can be carried out when the test data of the continuous batch number is specified to indicate that the process average (see 3.1.25) is significantly better than the acceptance quality limit (see 3.1.26).
test.
3.1.23
Transfer score switchingscore
In the case of a normal test, the number of indications used to determine if the current test result is sufficient to allow for the transfer to the relaxed test.
Note. See 9.3.3.
3.1.24
Receive score acceptancescore
For fractional receive number sampling schemes, the number of indicators used to determine batch acceptance.
Note. See 13.2.1.2.
3.1.25
Process average processaverage
The average of the quality levels within a specified time period or production volume.
Note. In this section, the process average is the quality level of the process during the statistical control state (percentage of nonconforming product or number of unqualified products per hundred units)
Average.
3.1.26
Receive quality limit acceptancequalitylimit
The worst-case average quality level that can be tolerated when a continuous series of batches is submitted for acceptance sampling.
Note 1. This term is used only when the sampling plan has transfer rules and suspension rules as used in this section and in GB/T 6378.1.
Note 2. Although batches with the same quality and reception quality limit may be received with a higher probability, the specified reception quality limit does not indicate the reception quality.
The limit is the desired level of quality. The sampling plan and its transfer rules and the suspended sampling test rules in this section are intended to encourage suppliers to have a
AQL is consistently designed with a good average process. If the process average is not consistently better than AQL, there will be a transfer to a tightened test to make the acceptance
It becomes a more severe risk. Once the tightening test is carried out, quality improvement measures must be taken to improve the quality of the process, otherwise it may lead to temporary
Stop the sampling test.
3.1.27
Consumer risk quality consumer'sriskquality
For a sampling plan, a batch quality level or process quality level corresponding to a specified user risk.
Note. The consumer risk is usually set at 10%.
3.1.28
Ultimate quality
For batches that are considered to be isolated, the sampling test is limited to the quality level of a certain low probability of reception.
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
Ac ---received number
AQL --- Receiving quality limit (expressed as percentage of non-conforming product or number of unqualified products per hundred units)
AOQ --- average quality of detection (expressed as percentage of non-conforming product or number of unqualified products per hundred units)
AOQL---average detection quality upper limit (expressed as percentage of non-conforming product or number of unqualified products per hundred units)
ASN --- average sample size
CRQ --- consumer risk quality (expressed as percentage of non-conforming product or number of unqualified products per hundred units)
d --- the number of unqualified items or unsatisfactory found in the samples taken from the batch
D --- the number of unqualified products or the number of unqualified items in the whole or batch
LQ --- Ultimate quality (expressed as percentage of non-conforming product or number of unqualified products per hundred units)
N --- batch
n --- sample size
p --- Process average (expressed as percentage of non-conforming product or number of unqualified products per hundred units)
Px --- the probability level of reception is x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)
Pa --- reception probability (expressed as a percentage)
Re --- rejection number
Note. In the second or multiple sampling, the numerical subscript i is used to indicate the ith sampling, and ni is the sample size of the ith sample.
4 unqualified representation
4.1 General
The degree of non-conformity is the percentage of non-conforming products (see 3.1.8 and 3.1.9) or the number of unqualified products per 100 units (see 3.1.10 and 3.1.11)
Said. Tables 7, 8 and 10 are based on the assumption that the occurrence of failures is random and statistically independent. If a product is known to be unqualified
May be caused by a condition that may cause other failures, then only consider whether the product is a good product, regardless of the
How many products are unqualified.
4.2 Unqualified classification
Because most acceptance sampling involves more than one quality characteristic, their importance in terms of quality and/or economic effects may vary.
It is often necessary to classify unqualified types according to the classification as defined in 3.1.5. The designation of the unqualified type, the number of types, and the number of each class
The type of AQL selected should suit the quality requirements of the particular application.
5 Receive Quality Limit (AQL)
5.1 Application of AQL
This section uses AQL and sample size words (see 10.2) to retrieve sampling plans and sampling plans.
When an AQL value is specified for a failure or a set of failures, it indicates if the quality level (percentage of non-conforming product or per hundred)
When the number of unqualified products per unit is not greater than the specified AQL, the sampling plan will receive the majority of the submitted batches. The sampling plan has the following special features
Point. The probability of reception at a given AQL depends on the sample size. In general, the probability of receiving a large sample (large sample size) is higher than the sample size.
The probability of reception (small sample size).
AQL is a parameter of the sampling plan and should not be confused with the average process that reflects the level of operation of the manufacturing process. In this sampling system
In order to avoid excessive batches from being received, the required process is on average smaller than AQL.
Caution. Designating AQL does not mean that the supplier has the right to deliberately supply any non-conforming product.
5.2 AQL regulations
The AQL used shall be specified in the contract or specified by the responsible department. As defined in 3.1.5, an unqualified group can be given
Or a single failure to specify a different AQL. The division of the unqualified group should be adapted to the quality requirements of the particular occasion. In addition to giving a single disagreement
In addition to specifying ......
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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