GB/T 24607-2023 PDF English
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| GB/T 24607-2023 | English | 515 |
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Rolling bearings - Test and assessment for life and reliability
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| GB/T 24607-2009 | English | 85 |
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Rolling bearings -- Test and assessment for life and reliability
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GB/T 24607-2023: Rolling bearings - Test and assessment for life and reliability---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT24607-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 21.100.20
CCS J 11
Replacing GB/T 24607-2009
Rolling bearings - Test and assessment for life and reliability
Issued on. DECEMBER 28, 2023
Implemented on. APRIL 01, 2024
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 5
4 Symbols... 6
5 Principle of test for life and reliability... 8
6 Test classification... 8
7 Test equipment... 9
8 Sample... 10
9 Test conditions... 10
10 Test steps... 13
11 Test data analysis and assessment... 15
12 Test report... 20
Annex A (informative) Example of figure estimation data processing... 22
Annex B (informative) Examples of data processing using best liner invariant
estimation... 31
Annex C (informative) Examples of sequential method data processing... 35
Bibliography... 37
1 Scope
This document describes the routine test for life and reliability and assessment methods
of general-purpose rolling bearings with bearing inner diameters (d) of 5mm~180mm
on testing equipment.
This document is suitable for product quality acceptance, product quality comparative
analysis and evaluation of users who have requirements for rolling bearing life and
reliability. It is also suitable for verification testing, project acceptance, assessment and
evaluation by the bearing industry and third-party certification agencies, and internal
testing of the manufacturing plant.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB/T 275-2015, Rolling bearings -- Fits
GB/T 6391-2010, Rolling bearings -- Dynamic load ratings and rating life
GB/T 6930, Rolling bearings -- Vocabulary
GB 11118.1-2011, Hydraulic fluids of L-HL, L-HM, L-HV, L-HS and L-HG type
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions defined in GB/T 6391-
2010 and GB/T 6930 as well as the followings apply.
3.1 test for life
A test conducted to estimate or verify product life.
3.2 test for reliability
A test conducted to measure, evaluate, analyze and improve product reliability levels.
3.3 failures of rolling bearing
Rolling bearings are unable to meet predetermined design performance requirements
due to defects or damage.
3.4 figure estimation
A method of parameter estimation with the help of Weibull probability plots.
3.5 best liner invariant estimation
A numerical calculation method that uses tables to estimate parameters using the best
linear invariant estimate.
3.6 sequential method
A method of analyzing and judging test data one by one based on sequential tests.
4 Symbols
The following symbols apply to this document.
b. Shape parameter, slope parameter of Weibull distribution, indicating the degree of
dispersion of bearing life or the stability of bearing life quality
C. Basic dynamic load rating, N
CI. Best linear invariant estimation coefficient
DI. Best linear invariant estimation coefficient
d. Bearing inner diameter, mm
Fa. Axial load, N
Fr. Radial load, N
F (Li). Failure probability of the i-th set of bearings
Ii. Correction value of the i-th rejected data sequence number
i. The statistical sequence numbers of the actual lifespan arranged from small to large
j. In incomplete test, the statistical sequence numbers of the actual lifespan arranged
from small to large
Li. test time of i-th bearing, h
. Estimated value of average life (intermediate quantity during calculation)
L10.Basic rated life, 106 r
L10h. Basic rated life, h
L10t. Test value of basic rated life, h
L50t. Test value of median rated life, h
Mc. Ratio of axial load to radial load
m. The number of groups in the group elimination test
P. Equivalent dynamic load, N
Re. Reliability
r. The number of rejected sets
S. Axial force component inside the bearing caused by radial load, N
Ti. Hypothetical test time (intermediate quantity during operation)
X. Radial load factor
Y. Axial load factor
β. Failure risk
η. Proportional coefficient
μα. Acceptance threshold coefficient
μβ. Rejection threshold coefficient
ν. Scale parameter, the characteristic life of Weibull distribution, which is the bearing
life when the failure probability F (L) =0.632, h
5 Principle of test for life and reliability
Test the same batch of bearing samples under the same test conditions. Count the
number of revolutions or time that the bearing can operate normally. Apply the
corresponding evaluation method to process the test data to determine the life reliability
parameters of this batch of bearing products.
6 Test classification
6.1 Tests are divided according to test methods and test purposes.
6.2 According to the test method, the classification is as follows.
6.3 According to the purpose of the test, the classification is as follows.
a) Verification test. a test used for product acceptance by users and verification by
third-party certification agencies. Generally, censoring tests or sequential tests are
used;
b) Periodic test. for bearings used in mass production, manufacturers must provide
testing to users on a regular basis. The quality requirements are the same as
verification testing;
7 Test equipment
7.1 General requirements
7.1.1 The test equipment shall be a bearing life testing machine whose performance
parameters can meet the usage requirements or performance assessment capabilities
and which have been regularly calibrated. The test equipment shall have some
necessary monitoring means during the test process, such as monitoring of rotation
speed, load, temperature, vibration, lubrication and other parameters.
7.1.2 The same batch of bearing samples shall be tested on testing equipment with the
same main structure and performance parameters.
7.2 Tolerance zone requirements for test spindles and bearing housing holes that
fit with bearings
7.2.1 When the inner ring of the bearing rotates and the outer ring is fixed, the tolerance
zone of the test spindle and the bearing seat hole that matches the bearing is
recommended to be selected according to Table 1.
7.2.2 When the bearing is subjected to a large radial load, the interference between the
inner ring of the bearing and the test spindle shall be appropriately increased while
ensuring the working clearance of the bearing to prevent relative sliding between the
inner ring of the bearing and the test spindle during operation.
7.2.3 For bearings operating in other ways, the fit shall be determined through
consultation with the user.
8 Sample
8.1 Sampling
During sampling inspection, bearing samples shall be randomly selected from the
finished products that pass the inspection.
8.2 Sample size
The recommended test sample size is 8 to 20 sets. Also prepare 5 to 10 sets of spare
samples.
8.3 Sample serial number
Bearing samples shall have clearly identifiable unique identification.
9 Test conditions
9.1 General requirements
The test conditions can be formulated according to the bearing parameters or the
bearing operating conditions. When formulating test conditions, the effects of
temperature, bearing contact stress, spindle deflection and other factors on the bearing
need to be considered. For conventional bearing tests, when circulating oil lubrication
is used, the bearing outer ring temperature shall not exceed 95°C.
9.2 Test speed
When the inner ring of the bearing rotates, the test speed is generally 20% ~ 60% of the
bearing's limit speed. When the user has needs, it can be determined through
consultation with the user.
9.3 Test load
9.3.1 General
The bearing test load can be selected based on the equivalent dynamic load. The
equivalent dynamic load P generally takes 20%~35% of the basic rated dynamic load
C. Usually refer to the test speed.
9.3.2 Equivalent dynamic load calculation
The equivalent dynamic load calculation is divided into the following three situations.
9.4 Bearing lubrication
9.4.1 Oil lubrication
9.4.1.1 Lubricant designation
The lubricating oil shall be L-HM32 hydraulic oil that complies with GB 11118.1-2011.
When the test load is large and the test temperature is high, hydraulic oil with a higher
viscosity grade can be selected, such as L-HM46, L-HM68, etc. The circulating
lubricating oil for special testing (including additives added to the oil, etc.) shall be
determined in consultation with the user.
9.4.1.2 Lubricating oil quality control
The test lubricating oil meets the following requirements.
9.4.2 Grease lubrication
9.4.2.1 When testing grease-lubricated bearings, the lubricating oil circuit of the test
bearing shall be closed.
9.4.2.2 The grease used for testing open grease-lubricated bearings shall be determined
in consultation with the user. During the test process, the bearing temperature changes
shall be monitored and the grease loss shall be checked. Add grease when necessary to
avoid affecting the lubrication effect.
10 Test steps
10.1 Test preparation
10.1.1 Pre-installation inspection
Before the test, the number and size of the main parts of the test shall be reviewed and
inspected to ensure that there is no interference between the parts. Review and inspect
the dimensions of the test spindle and bearing seat holes that match the inner and outer
rings of the bearing to ensure that they meet the technical requirements of relevant
drawings and documents.
10.1.2 Installation
10.1.2.1 Installation of bearing inner ring and test spindle
The installation of the bearing inner ring and the test spindle generally uses press
mounting, but hot mounting can also be used. The heating temperature of sealed
bearings generally does not exceed 80℃. The heating temperature of open bearings
generally does not exceed 100℃. The installation force shall not be transmitted through
the rolling elements during installation.
10.1.2.2 Installation of bearing outer ring and bearing seat hole
To install the bearing outer ring and the bearing seat hole, push the bearing gently and
install it in place.
10.2 Test equipment debugging and calibration
10.2.1 After the test body and the test equipment are assembled, rotate the test spindle.
10.3 Running-in test
For oil lubricated bearing testing, the lubricating oil circuit shall be opened and the test
bearing shall be fully lubricated. Oil-lubricated or grease-lubricated bearings shall first
apply a small amount of load, and then start the testing machine to start the bearing.
When applying combined loads, the axial load shall be applied first and then the radial
load. Under normal circumstances, the load and speed shall be slowly increased to the
set value within 3 h. When the test load is large or the temperature rise changes rapidly,
the running-in time shall be appropriately extended. Generally, it is no more than 24 h.
10.4 Formal test
After the running-in test, conduct the formal test. Record the monitoring data and test
time during the test. The rotation speed, load and temperature shall be controlled within
the required range.
10.5 Data collection
Sample failure during the test due to reasons other than the bearing itself (such as
equipment reasons, human reasons, accidents, etc.) shall not be included in the normal
failure data.
10.6 Termination of test
The test shall be stopped when the test reaches the predetermined time or the bearing
fails.
10.7 Inspection after test
After the test is completed, the sample shall be inspected to determine whether the
sample has rejected. If necessary, the cause analysis of typical failure samples can be
carried out in the test report.
Failures include.
10.8 Test sample processing
Bearing samples after testing shall be properly stored. Take photos of rejected samples
and their failure morphology for storage.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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