GB/T 22669-2008 PDF English
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Test procedures for three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines
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GB/T 22669-2008: Test procedures for three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT22669-2008
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.160.30
K 21
Test procedures for three-phase permanent magnet
synchronous machines
Issued on. DECEMBER 31, 2008
Implemented on. NOVEMBER 01, 2009
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 4
2 Normative references... 4
3 Main symbols... 5
4 Test requirements... 7
5 Test preparation... 11
6 No-load test... 14
7 Stall test... 16
8 Load test... 19
9 Determination of various losses... 20
10 Determination of efficiency... 25
11 Thermal test... 27
12 Measurement of out-of-step torque... 34
13 Determination of pull-in torque... 35
14 Determination of minimum torque... 40
15 Other tests... 43
16 Calculation method... 47
Annex A (normative) Correction of dynamometer torque reading... 53
Annex B (informative) Linear regression analysis... 55
Annex C (informative) Measurement and separation calculation method of iron
consumption and wind abrasion... 57
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the test procedures for three-phase permanent magnet
synchronous machines.
This Standard is applicable to self-starting three-phase permanent magnet
synchronous machines. The test for synchronous machines powered by static
variable frequency power supply may refer to use. It is not applicable to
synchronous machines with DC excitation winding.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrigendum) or revisions do not apply to this Standard,
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB 755-2008, Rotating Electrical Machines - Rating and Performance (IEC
60034-1.2004, IDT)
GB/T 1029-2005, Test procedures for three-phase synchronous machines
GB/T 1032-2005, Test procedures for three-phase induction motors
GB 10068-2008, Mechanical vibration of certain machines with shaft heights
56 mm and higher-measurement evaluation and limits of vibration severity
(IEC 60034-14.2003, IDT)
GB/T 10069.1-2006, Measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating
electrical machines and the noise limits - Part 1.Method for the
measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical machines (ISO
1680.1999, MOD)
GB/T 13958-2008, Test procedures for non-direct current excitation winding
synchronous motor
IEC 60034-2-1.2007, Rotating electrical machines - Part 2-1.Standard
methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding
machines for traction vehicles)
3 Main symbols
- Power factor;
f - Power frequency (Hz);
I1 - Stator line current (A);
I0 - No-load line current (A);
IK - Stalled line current (A);
IN - Rated current (A);
Ia - DC motor armature current (A);
K1 - Reciprocal of temperature coefficient of resistance of conductor material at 0°C.
Copper K1 = 235;
Aluminum K1=225 Unless otherwise specified;
kd - Torque reading correction value (N·m);
J - Moment of inertia (kg·m2);
n - Rotating speed measured during test (r/min);
p - Number of pole pairs of the motor;
P1 - Input power (W);
P2 - Output power (W);
PN - Rated (output) power (W);
PFe - Iron consumption (W);
Pfw - Wind abrasion (W);
PL - Residual loss (W);
4 Test requirements
4.1 Test power
4.1.1 Voltage
4.1.2 Frequency
4.1.2.1 Frequency deviation
During the test, the difference between the power supply frequency and the
specified frequency shall be within ±0.3% of the specified frequency.
4.1.2.2 Frequency stability
No rapid changes in frequency are allowed during the test because the rapid
frequency change affects not only the motor under test, but also the output
measurement device. The frequency change during the measurement shall be
less than 0.1%.
4.2 Measuring instrument
4.2.1 Overview
The accuracy level of most instruments is usually expressed as a percentage
of full scale. Therefore, try to select low-range meters according to the actual
reading needs.
Factors that affect the accuracy of instrument measurement results.
4.2.2 Electricity measuring instrument
In general, the accuracy of electricity measuring instruments shall not be less
than 0.5 (full scale, except megohmmeter). When using method B to measure
the motor efficiency, in order to maintain the accuracy and repeatability of the
test results, it is required that the accuracy level of the instrument is not less
than 0.2 (full scale).
4.2.3 Torque measuring instrument
The accuracy level of torque tester (including dynamometer and sensor) for
general test should not be lower than level 0.5.
When method B (see 10.2.2) is used to determine efficiency, the accuracy level
of the torque measuring instrument shall not be lower than level 0.2 (full scale).
4.2.4 Rotating speed and frequency measuring instrument
Tachometer reading error is within ±1r/min. The accuracy level of the frequency
meter shall not be lower than level 0.1 (full scale).
4.2.5 Resistance measuring instrument
The DC resistance of the winding is measured with a double-arm bridge or a
single-arm bridge, or a digital micro-ohmmeter. The accuracy shall not be lower
than level 0.2.
4.2.6 Temperature measuring instrument
The maximum allowable error of the temperature measuring instrument is ±1°C.
4.3 Measurement requirements
4.3.1 Voltage measurement
The signal line of the measuring terminal voltage shall be connected to the
motor terminal. If such a connection is not allowed on site, the resulting error
shall be calculated, and the reading shall be corrected. Take the arithmetic
average of three-phase voltage to calculate the motor performance.
The symmetry of the three-phase voltage shall meet the requirements of 4.1.1.2.
4.3.4 Torque measurement
A torque tester of a suitable specification shall be used for the load test.
In addition to the stall test, out-of-step torque, pull-in torque and minimum
torque measurements, the nominal torque of the torque measuring instrument
shall not exceed 2 times the rated torque of the tested motor.
4.3.5 Synchronous speed determination and speed measurement
4.3.6 Operating procedures
In any test, when reading a series of gradually increasing or decreasing data, it
shall be noted that the order of operations to increase or decrease must not be
changed to avoid reversing the direction of the test.
4.4 Safety
The starting current and starting torque of the self-starting three-phase
permanent magnet synchronous motor are large. The test shall involve
dangerous current, voltage and mechanical force, so the installation and
operation of the motor under test shall be checked. Safety precautions shall be
taken for all tests to ensure the smooth progress of each test. All tests shall be
performed by personnel with relevant knowledge and experience, and
necessary safety protection measures shall be taken.
5 Test preparation
5.1 Determination of insulation resistance
5.1.1 State of the motor at the time of measurement
When measuring the insulation resistance of the motor winding, it shall be
carried out under the actual cold state and hot state. During the inspection test,
it is allowed to be carried out under actual cold state.
5.1.2 Selection of megohmmeter
According to the rated voltage of the motor winding, select the megohmmeter
according to Table 1.
5.2 Measurement of DC resistance of the winding in the initial (cold) state
5.2.1 Measurement of winding temperature in the initial state
Use a thermometer to measure the winding temperature. The motor shall be
placed indoors for a period of time before the test. The difference between the
winding temperature measured by a thermometer (or embedded thermometer)
and the cooling medium temperature shall not exceed 2K. For large and
medium-sized motors, the placement time of the thermometer shall not be less
than 15min.
5.2.2 Measurement methods
5.2.2.1 The DC resistance of the winding is measured with a double-arm bridge
5.2.3 If each phase winding of the motor has a beginning-end terminal to lead
out, the resistance of each phase winding shall be measured. If the three-phase
winding has been connected inside the motor and only three outlets are led out,
the resistance can be measured between every two outlets. According to the
measured resistance, the resistance value (Ω) of each phase is calculated
according to formula (2) to formula (7).
6 No-load test
6.1 Determination of no-load current and no-load loss
6.1.1 It is recommended that the no-load test be carried out after the load test
(if carried out). The input power shall be stable before reading and recording
test data. The difference between the two readings where the input power is
30min apart shall not be greater than 3% of the previous reading. For water-air
cooling motors, the water flow shall be cut off immediately after the load test.
During the inspection test, the time of no-load operation can be shortened
appropriately.
6.1.2 The voltage of the rated frequency is applied to the motor under test. The
voltage variation range gradually decreases from 125% of the rated voltage, of
which it shall include 100% rated voltage test points. As the voltage decreases,
the current gradually decreases. When the current has an inflection point, the
voltage shall continue to be reduced. Until the current value appears when the
current rises to more than 100% of the rated voltage, take 10 to 12 voltage
points (approximately evenly distributed). However, at the inflection point of the
current, the measuring point shall be properly encrypted.
6.3 No-load back EMF measurement
No-load back EMF measurement is a unique test item for permanent magnet
synchronous motor. It can be measured by anti-drag method and minimum
current method. It is recommended to use the anti-drag method.
6.3.1 Anti-drag method (generator method)
Use prime mover to connect mechanically with tested motor.
6.3.2 Minimum current method
The motor runs stably under no-load operation at rated voltage and rated
frequency. Adjust the external terminal voltage of the motor to minimize the no-
load current. The applied terminal voltage at this time can be approximated as
the no-load back EMF of the motor. Respectively measure the outlet voltage
Uab, Ubc, Uca of the tested motor. Take the average value as the approximate
value of the no-load back EMF line voltage value. Record the temperature and
ambient temperature of the motor core at this time.
7 Stall test
7.1 Measurement of current, torque and power during stall
Stalling test is conducted when the motor is close to the actual cold state.
Before the test, the rotor position corresponding to the maximum stalled-rotor
current and the minimum stalled-rotor torque shall be determined with a low
voltage in advance as much as possible. During the test, the rotor shall be
blocked.
The rotor oscillates greatly when the motor is stalled. It shall consider measures
to reduce fluctuations. During the test, it can first adjust the power supply
voltage to less than 20% of the rated value. Connect to the motor under test.
Maintain the rated frequency. Increase the power supply voltage as soon as
possible. After electrical stabilization, quickly read stable readings of voltage,
current, input power and torque simultaneously. To avoid overheating of the
motor, the test must be carried out quickly.
7.1.1 Measure the characteristic curve of stalled rotor, that is, the relationship
between the current IK, torque TK and the applied voltage UK during stalling, as
shown in Figure 2.
7.2 Calculation of test results
7.2.1 Determination of stalled-rotor current and stalled-rotor torque
If the maximum voltage during the stall test is in the range of 0.9UN ~ 1.1UN, the
stalled-rotor current IKN and stalled-rotor torque TKN can be obtained from the
stalling characteristic curve in Figure 2.
7.2.2 Torque calculation
If the stall torque is not measured during stall, the stall torque TK can be
calculated according to formula (14).
8 Load test
8.1 Overview
The purpose of the load test is to determine the efficiency, power factor, speed
and current of the motor. In other tests, some items are also carried with load.
The load machine and motor axis are in line and safe. The process of reading
the reading is to first read the reading at the maximum load, then read the
reading at the lower load.
8.2 Rated voltage load test
The test shall be conducted at rated voltage and rated frequency. Before
starting to read the test data, the difference between the stator winding
temperature and the temperature measured during the rated load thermal test
shall not exceed 5°C.
9 Determination of various losses
9.1 I2R loss of stator winding at specified temperature [see formula (15)]
9.1.1 The specified temperature θS is the winding temperature when converted
to a reference cooling medium temperature of 25°C [see formula (16)].
9.1.2 The specified temperature θS is the reference temperature θref specified
by the thermal classification of the insulation structure [see Table 2 and formula
9.2 Iron consumption PFe
See 6.2.
9.3 Wind abrasion Pfw
See 6.2.
9.4 Load stray loss
9.4.1 Overview
Load stray loss refers to the part of the total loss that does not include the sum
of stator I2R loss, iron loss and wind abrasion.
9.4.2 Input-output method for indirect measurement of load stray loss
9.4.2.1 Test method
The indirect measurement method requires a rated load thermal test (see
11.7.1), load test (see 8.2) and no-load test (see 6.1). Measure the total loss,
and subtract the sum of the stator loss, iron loss and wind abrasion from it to
determine the load stray loss. When method B is used to determine the motor
efficiency, use this method.
9.4.2.2 Residual loss PL
9.4.2.2.1 Stator winding I2R loss Pcu1
Calculate each load point Pcu1 according to formula (18).
Where, Rt is the terminal resistance at the test temperature. If θ is measured,
then Rt shall be.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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