GB/T 212-2008 PDF English
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| GB/T 212-2008 | English | 125 |
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Proximate analysis of coal
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| GB/T 212-2001 | English | 519 |
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Proximate analysis of coal
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| GB/T 212-1991 | English | 559 |
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GB/T 212-2008: Proximate analysis of coal---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT212-2008
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 73.040
D 21
GB/T 211-2008
Replacing GB/T 212-2001, GB/T 15334-1994, GB/T 18856.7-2002
Proximate analysis of coal
(ISO 11722.1999 Solid mineral fuels - Hard coal - Determination of moisture in
the general analysis test sample by drying in nitrogen, ISO 1171.1997 Solid
mineral fuels - Determination of ash, ISO 562.1998 Hard coal and coke -
Determination of volatile matter, NEQ)
Issued on. JULY 29, 2008
Implemented on. APRIL 01, 2009
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Determination of moisture... 5
4 Determination of ash... 8
5 Determination of volatiles... 12
6 Calculation of fixed carbon... 16
7 Conversion of air-dried base volatile matter into dry ash-free base volatile
matter and dried mineral-free base volatile matter... 16
8 Industrial analysis of coal water mixture... 18
Appendix A (Normative) Determination of moisture in coal - Microwave drying
method... 21
Appendix B (Normative) Fast ash tester... 24
Foreword
This standard corresponds to the following international standards. ISO
11722.1999 Solid mineral fuels - Hard coal - Determination of moisture in the
general analysis test sample by drying in nitrogen, ISO 1171.1997 Solid mineral
fuels - Determination of ash, ISO 562.1998 Hard coal and coke - Determination
of volatile matter. The degree of consistency with the above international
standards is not equivalent. The main differences are as follows.
- ADD the industrial analysis method for coal water mixture;
- ADD the air drying method for moisture determination;
- ADD the fast ashing method for ash determination;
- In the volatile content determination procedure, SPECIFY the raising
temperature and time as (900 ± 10) °C, 3 min;
- USE the appendix to add the microwave drying method for moisture
determination.
This standard replaces GB/T 212-2001 “Proximate analysis of coal”, GB/T
15334-1994 "Determination of moisture in coal - Microwave drying method",
GB/T 18856.7-2002 "Test methods for quality of coal water mixture - Part 7.
Proximate analysis of coal water mixture”.
The main changes of this standard as compared with GB/T 212-2001 are as
follows.
- ADD the industrial analysis method for coal water mixture (Chapter 8 of
this edition);
- ADD the "Determination of moisture in coal - Microwave drying method"
(Appendix A of this edition).
Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are normative appendixes.
This standard was proposed by China Coal Industry Association.
This standard shall be under the jurisdiction of the National Coal
Standardization Technical Committee.
Drafting organizations of this standard. Coal Analysis Laboratory of China Coal
Research Institute, Yunnan Coalfield Geological Survey Company 143 Team.
The main drafters of this standard. Han Liting, Lin Yujia, Chen Kequan.
This standard replaces the standard previously issued as follows.
- GB 212-1963, GB 212-1977, GB/T 212-1991, GB/T 212-2001;
- GB/T 15334-1994;
- GB/T 18566.7-2002.
Proximate analysis of coal
1 Scope
This standard specifies the methods for determining the moisture, ash, volatile
content of coal and coal water mixture as well as the method for calculating the
fixed carbon.
This standard applies to lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite, coal water mixture.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard;
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document applies.
GB/T 218 Determination of carbonate carbon dioxide content in coal (GB/T
218-1996, eqv ISO 925.1980)
GB/T 7560 Determination of mineral matter in coal (GB/T 7560-2001, eqv
ISO 602.1983)
3 Determination of moisture
This chapter specifies three methods for determining the moisture content of
coal. Among them, method A is applicable to all coal types; method B is only
applicable to bituminous coal and anthracite; microwave drying method (see
Appendix A) is suitable for rapid determination of moisture content of lignite and
bituminous coal.
3.1 Method A (nitrogen drying method)
3.1.1 Method summary
Weigh a certain amount of coal sample for general analysis test; put them in a
drying box at (105 ~ 110) °C; dry them in a dry nitrogen stream to a constant
mass. Then calculate the mass fraction of water based on the mass loss of the
coal sample.
3.1.2 Reagent
3.1.3 Instruments and equipment
3.1.3.1 Small space drying cabinet. The cabinet is tight, has a small free space,
has gas inlet and outlet, is equipped with an automatic temperature control
device, which can maintain the temperature within the range of (105 ~ 110) °C.
3.1.3.4 Drying tower. 250 ml capacity, containing desiccant.
3.1.3.5 Flowmeter. The range is (100 ~ 1000) mL/min.
3.1.3.6 Analytical balance. Sensitivity is 0.1 mg.
3.1.4 Test procedure
3.1.4.1 In a pre-dried and weighed weighing bottle, weigh (1 ± 0.1) g of coal
sample for general analysis test which has a particle size of less than 0.2 mm,
accurate to 0.0002 g; spread it flatly in the weighing bottle.
3.2 Method B (air drying method)
3.2.1 Method summary
Weigh a certain amount of coal sample for general analysis test; place them in
blast drying oven at (105 ~ 110) °C; dry them in an air stream to a constant
mass. The mass fraction of water is calculated from the mass loss of the coal
sample.
3.2.2 Instrumentation
3.2.3 Test procedure
3.2.3.1 In a pre-dried and weighed weighing bottle, weigh (1 ± 0.1) g of the coal
sample for general analysis test which has a particle size of less than 0.2 mm,
accurate to 0.0002 g; flatly spread it in the weighing bottle.
3.2.3.2 Open the lid of the weighing bottle and put it in a drying box (3.2.2.1)
that has been blasted and heated to (105 ~ 110) °C. Under the condition of
constant blowing, bituminous coal is dried for 1 h, whilst anthracite is dried for
1.5 h.
3.3 Calculation of results
Calculate the moisture content of the coal sample for general analysis test
according to formula (1).
4 Determination of ash
This chapter includes two methods for determining ash in coal. Slow ashing
method and fast ashing method. The slow ashing method is an arbitration
method.
4.1 Slow ashing method
4.1.1 Method summary
Weigh a certain amount of coal sample for general analytical test; put it in a
muffle furnace; heat it to (815 ± 10) °C at a certain rate; ash and burn to a
constant mass. The mass fraction of the residue to the mass of the coal sample
is taken as the ash content of the coal sample.
4.1.2 Instrumentation
4.1.2.3 Dryer. Same as 3.1.3.3.
4.1.2.4 Analytical balance. Same as 3.1.3.6.
4.1.2.5 Heat-resistant porcelain plate or asbestos plate.
4.1.3 Test procedure
4.1.3.1 In an ash dish pre-burned to a constant mass, weigh (1 ± 0.1) g of coal
sample for general analysis test with a particle size of less than 0.2 mm,
accurate to 0.0002 g; spread evenly and flatly in an ash dish so that its mass
per square centimeter does not exceed 0.15 g.
4.2 Fast ashing method
This part includes two fast ashing methods. method A and method B.
4.2.1 Method A
4.2.1.1 Method summary
Place the ash dish containing the coal sample on the conveyor belt of the fast
ash tester which is heated to (815 ± 10) °C in advance. The coal sample is
automatically fed into the instrument to completely ash and then sent out. The
mass fraction of the residue mass to the mass of the coal sample is taken as
the ash content of the coal sample.
4.2.1.2 Special instrument. Fast ash tester (see Figure B.1 in Appendix B).
4.2.1.3 Test procedure
4.2.2 Method B
4.2.2.1 Method summary
The ash dish containing the coal sample is gradually sent from the outside of
the furnace into a muffle furnace which was preheated to (815 ± 10) °C and
ashed and burned to a constant mass. The mass fraction of the residue to the
mass of the coal sample is taken as the ash content of the coal sample.
4.2.2.2 Instruments and equipment. Same as 4.1.2.
4.2.2.3 Test procedure
4.2.2.3.1 In an ash dish pre-burned to a constant mass, weigh (1 ± 0.1) g of
coal sample for general analysis test with a particle size of less than 0.2 mm,
accurate to 0.0002 g. Uniformly and flatly spread it in an ash dish so that the
mass per square centimeter does not exceed 0.15 g. Dispense the ash dishes
containing coal samples on heat-resistant porcelain plates or asbestos plates
in advance.
5 Determination of volatiles
5.1 Method summary
Weigh a certain amount of coal sample for general analysis test. Place it in a
porcelain crucible with a lid. Heat it at (900 ± 10) °C for 7 minutes in the absence
of air. The mass fraction of the reduced mass accounting for the mass of the
coal sample minus the moisture content of this coal sample to obtain the volatile
content of the coal sample.
5.2 Instrumentation
5.2.1 Volatile crucible. A ceramic crucible with a tightly fitted lid, the shape and
size of which are as shown in Figure 3.The total mass of the crucible is (15 ~
20) g.
In millimeters
Figure 3 -- Volatile crucible
5.2.2 Muffle furnace. It is equipped with a pyrometer and temperature
adjustment device, which can maintain the temperature at (900 ± 10) °C and
have a sufficient (900 ± 5) °C constant temperature zone.
5.2.4 Crucible holder clamp (see Figure 5).
Figure 5 -- Crucible holder clamp
5.2.5 Dryer. Same as 3.1.3.3.
5.2.6 Analytical balance. Same as 3.1.3.6.
5.2.7 Cake press. Spiral or lever cake press, capable of pressing coal cakes
with a diameter of about 10 mm.
5.2.8 Stopwatch.
5.3 Test procedure
5.6 Precision of volatile determination
The precision of volatile determination is as specified in Table 3.
6 Calculation of fixed carbon
Calculate air-drying base fixed carbon according to formula (4).
7 Conversion of air-dried base volatile matter into dry ash-free base volatile matter and dried mineral-free base volatile matter
7.1 Dry ash-free volatile matter is converted according to formulas (5) to (7).
When the mass fraction of carbonate carbon dioxide in the coal sample for
general analysis test is (2 ~ 12) %, then.
8 Industrial analysis of coal water mixture
8.1 Preparation of analysis samples
8.2 Determination of moisture in coal water mixture
8.2.1 Method summary
Weigh a certain amount of evenly stirred coal water mixture specimen; put it in
a drying box at (105 ~ 110) °C; dry it in air flow to constant mass. Then calculate
the mass fraction of moisture in the coal water mixture based on the mass loss
of the coal water mixture.
8.2.2 Instrumentation
Same as 3.2.2.
8.2.3 Test procedure
8.2.4 Calculation of results
Calculate the moisture of coal water mixture according to formula (11).
8.2.5 Precision of moisture measurement
The repeatability limit of moisture determination for coal water mixture is as
specified in Table 4.
8.3 Determination of moisture in dried coal water mixture specimen
Determine the moisture of the dry sample of coal water mixture in accordance
with Chapter 3 of this standard.
8.4 Determination of ash in coal water mixture
8.4.1 Determination of ash in dried coal water mixture specimen
Determine the air-dried base ash content of the dried coal water mixture
specimen in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 4 of this standard.
8.5 Determination of volatile matter in coal water mixture
8.5.1 Determination of volatile matter in dry specimen of coal water
mixture
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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