GB/T 18244-2022 PDF in English
GB/T 18244-2022 (GB/T18244-2022, GBT 18244-2022, GBT18244-2022)
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Test methods for weathering resistance of building waterproof materials
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| GB/T 18244-2000 | English | 135 |
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Test methods for resistance to weathering of building water proofing materials
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 18244-2022
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GB/T 18244-2022: PDF in English (GBT 18244-2022) GB/T 18244-2022
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 91.120.30
CCS Q 17
Replacing GB/T 18244-2000
Test Methods for Weathering Resistance of Building
Waterproof Materials
ISSUED ON. JULY 11, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON. FEBRUARY 01, 2023
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative References... 5
3 Terms and Definitions... 5
4 General Provisions... 6
4.1 Laboratory maintenance conditions... 6
4.2 Preparation of specimen... 6
4.3 Calculation of retention rate and change rate results... 7
5 Hot Air Aging... 8
5.1 Overview... 8
5.2 Test device... 8
5.3 Test conditions... 8
5.4 Test procedures... 9
5.5 Test report... 9
6 Artificial Accelerated Weathering - Xenon Arc Lamp... 10
6.1 Overview... 10
6.2 Principle... 10
6.3 General... 11
6.4 Significance... 11
6.5 Application of laboratory light source accelerated weathering test... 12
6.6 Test device... 13
6.7 Exposure conditions... 13
6.8 Test procedures... 15
6.9 Test report... 16
7 Artificial Accelerates Weathering - Fluorescent UV Lamps... 17
7.1 Overview... 17
7.2 Principle... 17
7.3 General... 18
7.4 Significance... 18
7.5 Application of laboratory light source accelerated aging test... 18
7.6 Test device... 18
7.7 Exposure conditions... 19
7.8 Test procedures... 20
7.9 Test report... 21
Test Methods for Weathering Resistance of Building
Waterproof Materials
1 Scope
This Document specifies the test methods of general provisions, hot air aging, artificial
accelerated weathering - xenon arc lamp and artificial accelerated weathering-fluorescent UV
lamp for the aging test of building waterproofing materials.
This Document is applicable to the determination of thermal aging and artificial accelerated
weathering properties of building waterproofing sheets and building waterproofing coatings.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 528 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic - Determination of Tensile Stress-Strain
Properties
GB/T 11026.4 Electrical Insulating Materials - Thermal Endurance Properties - Part 4.
Ageing Ovens - Single-Chamber Ovens
GB/T 16422.1 Plastics - Methods of the Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources - Part 1.
General Guidance
GB/T 16422.2 Plastics - Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources - Part 2.
Xenon-Arc Sources
GB/T 16422.3 Plastics - Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources - Part 3.
Fluorescent UV Lamps
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Control
< Weathering> A material that has a similar composition and structure to the test material, and
whose properties are compared with the test material after exposure at the same time.
NOTE. For example, when the formula to be evaluated is different from the currently used
formula, a control is required. In this case, the material of the original formula is used as the
control.
[SOURCE. GB/T 16422.1-2019, 3.1, modification]
3.2 File specimen
A portion of the test material that was stored under stable conditions and used to compare
changes in properties before and after exposure.
3.3 Artificial accelerated weathering
Expose the material to a laboratory weathering device, and perform periodic or enhanced
environmental conditioning with reference to outdoor or actual use conditions.
4 General Provisions
WARNING. Appropriate safety precautions shall be taken during the test to avoid
damage caused by high temperature and ultraviolet radiation.
4.1 Laboratory maintenance conditions
Laboratory maintenance conditions. the temperature is (23 ± 2) ℃, and the relative humidity is
40%~60%.
File specimen for artificial accelerated weathering shall be stored in a dark room under
laboratory curing conditions.
The samples shall be placed under laboratory curing conditions for at least 24h before the test.
4.2 Preparation of specimen
4.2.1 Evaluation items for the aging performance of building waterproof materials.
--- Non-destructive items. appearance, color difference, quality change, dimensional change,
hardness, gloss, softening point, penetration, etc.;
--- Destructive items. low temperature properties (low temperature flexibility, low
temperature bending, cold brittle point), tensile properties, etc.
4.2.2 The number of groups of specimens for each test item. The specimens for parallel
comparison test shall be no less than 3 groups. Among the 3 groups of specimens, one group is
tested for the specified properties at the beginning of the test; one group is subjected to an aging
test; the other group is stored in a dark room under laboratory test conditions, and a comparison
When the temperature does not exceed 100°C, the allowable temperature deviation is ±1°C;
when the temperature exceeds 100°C, the allowable temperature deviation is ±2°C.
5.3.2 Test period
The test period shall be determined according to the material properties, and the time of the test
period is generally determined by the obvious change in performance.
The recommended time for test cycle include 7d, 10d, 14d, 28d, 56d, 90d, 112d, 224d. When
the test period is no more than 28d, the allowable time deviation shall not exceed 4h; when the
test period is more than 28d, the allowable time deviation shall not exceed 6h.
5.4 Test procedures
5.4.1 Installation of test piece
Before the test, the test pieces need to be numbered, and the numbering method shall not affect
the material performance test.
The test piece can be mounted on the test frame by suitable metal clips or wires lined or covered
with inert material. Determine whether to place horizontally or vertically according to product
standards, and determine the orientation of the upper and lower surfaces when placed according
to product characteristics. For products with non-permanent isolation material on the surface,
it shall be determined whether non-permanent isolation material on the surface shall be
removed for aging treatment according to the product characteristics; and the permanent
isolation material shall not be removed.
The total volume of the test piece shall not exceed 10% of the effective volume of the aging
box, the distance between the test pieces shall be no less than 10mm; the distance between the
test piece and the wall of the aging box shall be no less than 50mm; and the test piece shall not
affect the gas flow and temperature uniformity of the box.
5.4.2 Exposure
In order to reduce the influence of temperature inhomogeneity, the position of the test pieces
can be exchanged periodically.
During the whole test period, the temperature of the aging box shall be controlled within the
specified temperature tolerance range.
5.4.3 Determination of performance after exposure
After the test is completed, the test piece shall be placed under the conditions specified in the
product standard for 24h; and then the relevant properties are measured.
5.5 Test report
The test report shall include the following contents.
a) this Document No.;
b) the name, model, specification and preparation method of the test piece;
c) the model of the test chamber and the form of the test frame;
d) test period;
e) Test conditions. the temperature and time adjusted for the test state, the test temperature
and time, the temperature deviation range, the wind speed of the test chamber, the
ventilation rate and the rotation speed of the rotating test frame;
f) performance evaluation items and test methods;
g) test results (comparison of test material and control);
h) test personnel, date and location;
i) any deviation from the stated conditions of this method.
6 Artificial Accelerated Weathering - Xenon Arc Lamp
6.1 Overview
This Clause describes a test method for simulating climatic effects (temperature, humidity,
and/or wetting) by exposing test pieces to a xenon arc lamp in a wet environment, which is used
to simulate the natural aging effect by exposing materials to sunlight in an actual use
environment.
6.2 Principle
6.2.1 A xenon arc lamp equipped with a filter is used to simulate the spectral distribution of the
ultraviolet region and the visible light region in sunlight.
6.2.2 Under controlled environmental conditions, expose the test piece to different states of
light, heat, wetting conditions and water (6.2.4).
6.2.3 Exposure conditions vary with the following options.
a) filters;
b) irradiance;
c) temperature during light exposure;
d) When the exposure conditions require humidity control, the relative humidity of the air
in the test chamber during light and dark cycles;
6.4.3 While it may seem tempting to have a "universal acceleration factor" relating "x" hours
or megajoules of radiation to actual exposure "y" months or years in artificially accelerated
weathering or artificially accelerated radiation exposure tests, it does not apply to all material.
There are several reasons why such acceleration factors are not applicable.
a) The acceleration factor is dependent on the material, and shall have obvious differences
with different materials or different formulations of the same material;
b) Differences in degradation rates in actual use and in laboratory accelerated exposure tests
can have a large impact on the calculation of the acceleration factor;
c) The calculation of the acceleration factor is based on the irradiance ratio between the
laboratory light source and sunlight (even when using the same frequency band), without
taking into account the impact raising from differences in temperature, humidity and light
energy distribution between the laboratory light source and sunlight.
NOTE. Although indicated in this Document, if it is desired to use acceleration factors, which are only
applicable to specific materials; and these acceleration factors are based on a sufficient number of
independent outdoor or indoor environmental tests and laboratory accelerated exposures test data to
ensure that relationships between damage and time within each exposure can be analyzed statistically.
6.4.4 Many factors may reduce the correlation between accelerated testing of laboratory light
sources and outdoor exposure, such as.
a) Differences in spectral distribution between laboratory light sources and sunlight;
b) Light intensity higher than actual use conditions;
c) Continuous exposure cycle test of laboratory light source without any dark cycle;
d) The temperature of the specimen is higher than the actual temperature;
e) Exposure conditions that result in temperature differences between dark and light-colored
specimens that do not correspond to the facts;
f) Exposure conditions that result in frequent high and low cycles of specimen temperature
or unrealistic thermal effects;
g) Humidity deviating from actual use conditions;
h) Absence of biological factors, pollutants or acidic rainfall or condensation.
6.5 Application of laboratory light source accelerated weathering test
6.5.1 The results of artificially accelerated weathering tests carried out in accordance with the
relevant parts of this Document are preferably used to compare the relevant properties of
materials. Materials can be compared at the same time and in the same exposure equipment.
Results can be expressed by comparing the exposure time or the amount of radiation required
for a specific property of a material to drop to a specific level. A common application is to
determine whether the quality level of different batches of material is the same as a control of
known performance.
a) In order to compare the performance of the test material and the file specimen, it is
recommended to have at least 2 groups of file specimens for each test. The selected file
specimen shall have the same composition and structure so that its failure mode is the
same as that of the test material. In this Document, file specimen identical to the test
material are used as control. During the test, 3 groups of specimens are prepared. The
performance of the first group is measured at the beginning of the artificial accelerated
weathering test; the second group is subjected to the artificial accelerated weathering test;
and the third group is stored in a dark room under standard test conditions. When the
aging test performance is measured after the specified exposure period of the second
group of specimens, the parallel test of the file specimen is carried out at the same time.
b) In order to obtain statistical estimation results, the number of parallel tests of each group
of file specimens and the test material to be evaluated shall be sufficient. Unless
otherwise specified, all test materials and file specimens shall be subjected to at least 3
parallel tests. When performing destructive testing to test material properties, a separate
set of test pieces is required for each exposure cycle.
6.5.2 In some specific tests, the evaluation of the performance of the test sample is carried out
after a specific exposure time or radiation dose under a set of test cycles of specified conditions.
Unless the reproducibility of the effect of a specific exposure cycle and the reproducibility of
the performance test method have been determined, the results of any accelerated exposure test
conducted in accordance with other parts of this Document cannot be jointly used with the
specific performance level achieved based on the specified exposure time or exposure to
determine if the material is acceptable.
6.6 Test device
The equipment shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 16422.2, and shall use a xenon arc
lamp test device with a daylight filter.
6.7 Exposure conditions
6.7.1 Unless otherwise specified, the irradiance shall be controlled according to the conditions
of Table 1.Other irradiation conditions can be agreed upon by the relevant parties, and the
irradiance and its corresponding bandwidth shall be indicated in the test report.
between the upper and lower limits.
During the exposure process, the air in the chamber can be controlled at the specified relative
humidity; or it can be allowed to remain in a natural state without control.
6.7.4 The spray cycle specified in Table 1 is preferred, and other spray cycles can also be agreed
upon by the relevant parties.
6.7.5 The conditions in Table 1 apply to the continuous irradiation test. More complex cycles
may be used. These cycles may include high humidity and/or dark cycles that produce
condensation on the surface of the test piece. Additional test conditions shall be specified in the
exposure test report.
6.8 Test procedures
6.8.1 Installation of test piece
Fix the tested area of the test piece on the test piece holder in the equipment in a way that is not
subject to any stress. Before the test, the anti-sticking material that needs to be removed from
the illuminated surface of the test piece shall be removed. Each test piece shall be marked on
the non-exposed surface that cannot be easily removed. The position of the mark shall not affect
the subsequent test. For the convenience of inspection, the layout of the specimen placement
can be designed.
If necessary, for the test piece used to determine the color difference and appearance change, a
part of the test piece can be covered with an opaque cover during the test to compare the
adjacent exposed and non-exposed areas. This is useful for checking the progress of the
exposure test, but the test data shall be based on the test pieces stored in the dark.
For products that may reflect light, such as aluminum foil-surfaced waterproofing sheets, an
appropriate position shall be selected when the test piece is installed; and cares shall be taken
to avoid direct reflection on the surface of other test pieces and the light sensor probe.
Mineral particle surface products should be equipped with a device for collecting mineral
exfoliation at the lower part of the test piece.
6.8.2 Exposure
Before placing the test piece in the test chamber, ensure that the equipment can operate under
the required conditions (6.7). The equipment is set up for the selected exposure conditions to
operate continuously for the required number of cycles. The test conditions are kept constant
throughout the exposure process. Test interruptions caused by equipment maintenance and
specimen inspection should be minimized.
If necessary, the exposure test piece of the set period shall be replaced the position of the test
piece during the exposure process according to the provisions of GB/T 16422.1.
If it is necessary to remove the test pieces for periodic inspection, care shall be taken not to
touch or in any way alter the exposed surface. After the inspection, the test pieces shall be
placed back in the test piece holder or test chamber in the same orientation as the exposed
surface of the previous test.
6.8.3 Measurement of radiation exposure
If necessary, install an irradiance meter to measure the irradiance on the exposed surface of the
test piece.
When performing radiation exposure, the exposure interval is represented by the radiation
energy per unit area of the exposed surface; and when the wavelength range is 300nm~400nm,
the unit is joules per square meter (J/m2); or when the wavelength is a selected value (e.g.,
340nm), the unit is Joule per square meter nanometer [J/(m2·nm)].
The accumulated radiation energy of the exposed waterproof material shall be no less than 5040
kJ/(m2·nm) at 340nm.
6.8.4 Conversion of cumulative irradiation energy and cumulative irradiation time
When the irradiance is constant during the test, the cumulative irradiation energy and
cumulative irradiation time are converted according to Formula (3).
Where.
He - cumulative irradiation energy, the unit of broadband (300nm~400nm) is joules per square
meter (J/m2); the unit of narrowband (340nm) is joules per square meter nanometer [J/(m2·nm)];
Ec - irradiance, the unit of broadband (300nm~400nm) is watt per square meter (W/m2); the
unit of narrowband (340nm) is watt per square meter nanometer [W/(m2·nm)];
t - cumulative irradiation time, the unit is seconds (s).
6.8.5 Determination of performance after exposure
The test should be completed before spraying during the light period; and then it shall be placed
for 24h under the conditions specified in the product standard; and relevant performance
measurements shall be carried out.
6.9 Test report
The test report shall include the following.
a) this Document No.;
7.2.4 Wetting is usually caused by condensation forming on the surface of the exposed test
piece or by spraying the test piece with deionized water.
7.2.5 The test procedure may include the measurement of irradiance and radiation exposure on
the surface of the test piece.
7.2.6 A standard comparison should be performed by simultaneously exposing a control of
known properties and the test material.
7.2.7 The results obtained by exposing the test piece to different types of instruments or
different types of lamps should not be compared unless an appropriate statistical relationship
has been established between the equipment used for material testing.
7.3 General
The same as 6.3.
7.4 Significance
The same as 6.4.
7.5 Application of laboratory light source accelerated aging test
The same as 6.5.
7.6 Test device
7.6.1 For the fluorescent ultraviolet lamp test device in accordance with GB/T 16422.3, unless
otherwise specified, use UVA-340 (Type-1A) fluorescent ultraviolet lamp.
7.6.2 Fluorescent UV lamps shall degrade significantly with continued use. If an automatic
irradiance control system is not used, follow the operating procedures given by the equipment
manufacturer to adjust to maintain the desired irradiance.
7.6.3 The consistency of irradiance shall be consistent with the requirements in GB/T 16422.1.
When the irradiance of the exposed area is lower than 90% of the peak irradiance, the periodic
position adjustment of the test piece shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 16422.1.
7.6.4 In the test chamber, a device for intermittent condensation or intermittent spraying shall
be installed on the front of the test piece according to the specified conditions. Condensation or
spraying shall be evenly distributed on the surface of the test piece. The spraying system shall
be made of corrosion-resistant materials that shall not contaminate the spraying water. The
conductivity of the water sprayed on the surface of the test piece shall be less than 5μS/cm; the
content of insoluble matter shall be less than 1μg/g; and no visible stains or deposits shall be
left on the surface of the test piece. The silicon content shall be no more than 0.2mg/L (0.2ppm).
A combination of deionization and reverse osmosis can be used to produce water of the desired
quality.
The two cycles listed in Table 2 are recommended for condensation and spraying cycles. Unless
otherwise specified, the first cycle is preferred. Other cycles may also be agreed upon by the
relevant parties, but the detailed conditions of the test shall be indicated in the test report.
7.8 Test procedures
7.8.1 Installation of test pieces
Fix the tested area of the test piece on the test piece holder in the equipment in a way that is not
subject to any stress. Each test piece shall be marked with a label that cannot be easily
eliminated; and the position of this label shall not affect subsequent tests. For the convenience
of inspection, the layout of the specimen placement can be designed.
If necessary, the test piece used to determine the color difference and appearance change may
be partially covered with an opaque cover during the test to compare the exposed and non-
exposed surfaces. This is helpful for checking the progress of the test, but the test data shall be
obtained by comparison with the test pieces stored in the dark room.
To ensure consistent exposure conditions, the exposed area shall be filled with test pieces. Use
blank plates, if needed.
7.8.2 Exposure
Before placing the test piece in the test chamber, ensure that the equipment can operate under
the required conditions (7.7). The equipment is parameterized according to the selected test
conditions so that it operates continuously throughout the selected exposure period. The
selected test conditions shall be agreed upon by all interested parties and within the conditions
of the used equipment. The test conditions shall be maintained throughout the exposure process;
and test interruptions caused by equipment maintenance and specimen inspection should be
minimized.
During the test of exposure test piece, the irradiance needs to be measured regularly; and if
necessary, the specimen is transposed during the exposure process according to the provisions
of GB/T 16422.1 to ensure the uniformity of all exposure intensities.
If it is necessary to take out the test piece for regular inspection, be careful not to touch or
disturb the test surface. After the inspection, the test piece shall be placed back in the test piece
holder or test chamber according to the orientation of the exposed surface of the previous test.
7.8.3 Measurement of radiation exposure
If necessary, install an irradiance meter to measure the irradiance on the exposed surface of the
test piece.
The UV irradiator can be used to measure narrowband (such as 340nm) or broadband (such as
290nm~400nm).
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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