GB/T 16555-2025 (GB/T 16555-2008) PDF English
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Chemical analysis of refractories containing carbon, silicon carbide or nitride
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| GB/T 16555-2017 | English | 839 |
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Chemical analysis of refractories containing carbon and silicon carbide or nitride
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| GB/T 16555-2008 | English | 220 |
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Chemical analysis of refractories containing carbon and silicon carbide or nitride
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| GB/T 16555.1-1996 | English | 359 |
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Chemical analysis for silicon carbide refractories--Determination of silicon carbide--Absorb gravimetric method
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GB/T 16555-2008: Chemical analysis of refractories containing carbon and silicon carbide or nitride
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Q 44
NATIONAL STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Replace GB/T 16555.1~16555.6-1996, GB/T 13245~13246-1991
Chemical analysis of refractories containing
carbon and silicon carbide or nitride
Issued on June 26, 2008 Implemented on April 01, 2009
Issued by General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China
2Contents
Foreword... 1
1 Scope...3
2 Normative references... 4
3 Terms and definitions...5
4 Instruments and equipment...6
5 Sample preparation...7
6 General rules...8
7 Test report...9
8 Provisions of loss on heat treatment...11
9 The determination of loss on ignition and volatile components...12
10 The determination of total carbon content...14
11 The determination of free carbon... 22
12 The determination of silicon carbide content... 26
13 The determination of total nitrogen (T.N)...33
14 Measurement of silicon nitride content... 39
15 Measurement of free silicon content... 40
16 Measurement of free aluminum content...47
17 Measurement of iron oxide, aluminum oxide -- EDTA volumetric method
(continuous titration of iron and aluminum)...54
18 Oxide measurement (silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, titanium
oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide, zirconium oxide,
chromium sesquioxide, manganese oxide and phosphorus pentoxide)...62
Annex A (Normative) Program of acceptance analysis value...65
3Chemical analysis of refractories containing carbon
and silicon carbide or nitride
1 Scope
This standard specifies the chemical analysis of refractories and row materials containing
carbon and silicon carbide or nitride. The items analyzed by this standard are as follows.
a) Volatile (VOL);
b) Loss on ignition (LOI);
c) Total Carbon (T.C);
d) Free carbon content (F.C);
e) Silicon carbide content - (SiC);
f) Total nitrogen (T.N);
g) Silicon nitride content (Si3N4);
h) Free silicon content (F.Si);
i) Free aluminum content (F.Al);
j) Silicon dioxide content (SiO2);
k) Alumina content (Al2O3)；
l) Iron oxide content (Iron with all valences shall be counted by Fe2O3);
m) Titanium dioxide content (TiO2);
n) Calcium oxide content (CaO);
o) Magnesium oxide content (MgO);
p) Potassium oxide content (K2O);
q) Sodium oxide content (Na2O);
r) phosphorus pentoxide content (P2O5)；
s) Zirconium (Hafnium) content (2rO2+HfO2)；
t) Manganese oxide content (Manganese with all valence shall be counted by MnO);
u) Chromium oxide content (Cr2O3).
The determining range of items analyzed in this standard is shown in table 1.
6Free carbon refers to graphitic carbon, amorphous carbon and organic carbon in the
composition of refractories (such as resin, asphalt and other carbides).
3.5
Free metallic components
Free metallic components refer to the metal adding into material as additives (such as
silicon, aluminum, etc.) or the remaining metal in raw materials (such as elemental silicon
in silicon carbide).
3.6
Loss on heat treatment
Loss on heat treatment refers to the mass loss when the unshaped wet material containing
resin or asphalt is treated at 200℃ or 400℃ for 18 hours and the loss component
includes small molecule compounds and asphalt produced by the curing reaction of free
water, solvent and resin and other small molecular component in organic polymer.
4 Instruments and equipment
4.1 Balances (the sense of volume are 0.1 mg and 0.5 g).
4.2 Double-covered porcelain crucible.
4.3 Platinum dish or porcelain dish (75 mL).
4.4 Platinum crucible or porcelain crucible (30 mL).
4.5 Automatic temperature control drying oven. the maximum temperature ≥300 ℃
and it is capable of controlling temperature automatically.
4.6 High-temperature tube furnace. the maximum temperature ≥1 300℃ and it is
electric tube furnace that can control temperature automatically.
4.7 High temperature chamber furnace. the maximum temperature ≥1 100 ℃ and it is
chamber electric furnace that can control temperature automatically.
4.8 Measuring pipet. Class A in GB/T 12808-1991.
4.9 Burette. Class A in GB/T 12806-1991
4.10 Volumetric flask. Class A in GB/T 12806-1991.
4.11 Spectrophotometer
8we shall process them in accordance with chapter 8 and then prepare samples according
to 5.2.1-5.2.3.
5.2.5 Dry samples at 105℃—110℃ for two hours before analyzing them and place the in
dryer to cool it to be room temperature.
6 General rules
6.1Genral provisions
6.1.1 Only use recognized analytical pure reagent or water with equivalent purity in
analysis.
6.1.2 The “constant” shall be specified to be that the difference between the two
weightings shall not be more than 0.2 mg. in analysis.
6.2 Times of measurement
Measure it under repeatability conditions for two times.
6.3 Blank test
Do blank test under repeatability conditions.
6.4 Expression of results
The results shall be rounded and two decimal places shall be retained in accordance with
GB/T 8170; when the content is < 0.10%, retain two significant figures; when there are
otherwise requirements in supply contracts of the principal or relevant standards, we can
round it according to required digits.
6.5 The use of analytic results
When the difference between two effective analyzed value of the sample is not greater
than the allowable difference specified in table 2, take arithmetic mean as the final
analysis result; otherwise, do additional analysis and data processing in accordance with
provisions in Annex A.
6.6 Quality assurance and control
6.6.1 The working curve shall be calibrated on time by using standard material regularly
(shall not exceed three months). If there are maintenance of instrument or replacement of
parts (such as light bulbs, etc.), we shall re-draw working curve and calibrate it by using
standard material with the same type. When the difference between the analytical value of
standard material and the standard value is larger than 0.7 times of the allowable
9difference specified in table 2, we shall re-draw working curve.
6.6.2 Under normal circumstances, the concentration of standard titration solution shall be
re-titrated every two months; if the temperature change exceeds 10 ℃ in two months, we
shall titrate it again timely. After re-titration, we shall use standard material to verify it.
When the difference between the analytical value of standard material and the standard
value is larger than 0.7 times of the allowable difference specified in table 2, the titration
result is valid. Otherwise, it is invalid.
6.6.3 Analyze the standard material of the same type with the samples in arbitration test.
When the difference between the analytical value of standard material and the standard
value is larger than 0.7 times of the allowable difference specified in table 2, the analytical
result of samples is valid. Otherwise, it is invalid.
7 Test report
The test report shall include the following content.
-Entrusting party;
-Name of samples;
-Analytical result;
- Application standard (certain chapter or certain item in GB/T 16555-2008);
-The difference between the actual and the specified analytical procedure (if necessary);
- Abnormal phenomena observed in test (if necessary);
- Test date.
equation .
9 The determination of loss on ignition and volatile components
The determination of loss on ignition and volatile components can be done by using the
following methods according to determined conditions.
a) Use double cover crucible method of high-temperature chamber furnace to determine
the volatile components at 900℃ (9.1)
b) Use oxidation method of high-temperature chamber furnace to determine the loss on
ignition at 850℃ (9.2).
9.1 Use double cover crucible method of high-temperature chamber furnace to
determine the volatile components at 900℃
This method applies to the unshaped refractory containing asphalt, resin and other
additions.
9.1.1 Principle
Place the sample in the double lid Crucible and heat it at 900℃ to make the small
molecular weight volatile substances to decompose and escape, and calculate the volatile
components according to the mass loss.
9.1.2 Sample volume
Weigh about 2.0 g of samples and it shall accurate to 0.1 mg.
9.1.3 De...
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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