GB/T 14848-2017 PDF in English
GB/T 14848-2017 (GB/T14848-2017, GBT 14848-2017, GBT14848-2017)
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GB/T 14848-2017 | English | 145 |
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Standard for groundwater quality
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GB/T 14848-1993 | English | 70 |
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Quality standard for ground water
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 14848-2017
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GB/T 14848-2017: PDF in English (GBT 14848-2017) GB/T 14848-2017
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 13.060
Z 50
Replacing GB/T 14848-1993
Standard for groundwater quality
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 14, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2018
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the PRC;
Standardization Administration of the PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
Introduction ... 5
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Groundwater quality classification and indices ... 7
5 Groundwater quality survey and monitoring ... 11
6 Groundwater quality assessment ... 12
Appendix A (Normative) Preservation and submission-for-inspection
requirements of groundwater samples ... 13
Appendix B (Informative) Recommended analysis methods for groundwater
quality testing indices ... 18
Bibliography ... 22
Foreword
This Standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard replaces GB/T 14848-1993 “Quality standard for ground water”.
As compared with GB/T 14848-1993, in addition to editorial changes, the main
technical changes are as follows:
- The water quality index is increased from 39 items of GB/T 14848-1993 to
93 items, an increase of 54 items;
- With reference to GB 5749-2006 “Standards for drinking water quality”,
groundwater quality indices are classified into regular and non-regular
indices;
- The sensory traits and general chemical indices are increased from 17
items to 20 items, increasing the 3 indices of aluminum, sulfide, and sodium.
USE oxygen consumption to replace permanganate index. REVISE the 4
indices of total hardness, iron, manganese, and ammonia nitrogen;
- The index of inorganic compounds in toxicological indices is increased from
16 items to 20 items, increasing the 4 indices of boron, antimony, silver, and
thallium. REVISE the 11 indices of nitrite, iodide, mercury, arsenic,
cadmium, lead, beryllium, barium, nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum;
- The index of organic compounds in toxicological indices is increased from
2 items to 49 items, adding trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane,
1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,2-dichloropropane,
tribromomethane, vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene,
chlorine benzene, o-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene
(total), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, styrene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene,
2,6-dinitrotoluene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, benzo (b)
fluoranthene, benzo (a) pyrene, polychlorinated biphenyl (total), γ-
hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindan), hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, atrazine,
pentachlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate,
carbofuran, aldicarb, dichlorvos, methyl parathion, malathion, dimethoate,
chlorothalonil, 2,4-D, chlorpyrifos and glyphosate. DDT and
hexachlorocyclohexane are replaced by DDT (total) and
hexachlorocyclohexane (total), respectively, and revised;
- The total α radioactivity in the radioactive index is revised;
- REVISE the relevant provisions of the comprehensive assessment of
groundwater quality.
Standard for groundwater quality
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the classification, indices, and limits of groundwater
quality, groundwater quality survey and monitoring, and groundwater quality
assessment, etc.
This Standard applies to groundwater quality survey, monitoring, assessment,
and management.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For the dated references, only the editions with the dates indicated are
applicable to this document. For the undated references, the latest edition
(including all the amendments) are applicable to this document.
GB 5749-2006 Standards for drinking water quality
GB/T 27025-2008 General requirements for the competence of testing and
calibration laboratories
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 Groundwater quality
A general term for the physical, chemical, and biological properties of
groundwater.
3.2 Regular indices
Indices which reflect the basic conditions of groundwater quality, including
sensory traits, general chemical indices, microbiological indices, common
toxicological indices, and radioactive indices.
3.3 Non-regular indices
Groundwater quality indices, an extension of regular indices, which are
determined according to regional and time differences or special circumstances.
They reflect major quality issues in groundwater, including relatively rare
inorganic and organic toxicological indices.
3.4 Human health risk
The probability that various constituents in groundwater cause harm to human
health.
4 Groundwater quality classification and indices
4.1 Groundwater quality classification
According to China’s groundwater quality status and human health risk, with
reference to drinking water, industrial, agricultural, and other water quality
requirements, according to the content level of each constituent (except pH), it
is classified into five classes.
Class I: Groundwater has a low chemical constituent content, suitable for
various uses;
Class II: Groundwater has a lower chemical constituent content, suitable for
various uses;
Class III: Groundwater has a medium chemical constituent content. Based
on GB 5749-2006, it is mainly applicable to centralized drinking water
sources and industrial and agricultural water;
Class IV: Groundwater has a higher chemical constituent content. Based on
agricultural and industrial water quality requirements and a certain level of
human health risk, it is applicable to agricultural and partial industrial waters;
and after proper treatment, can be used as drinking water;
Class V: Groundwater has a high chemical constituent content. It should not
be used as a drinking water source. Other water, according to the purpose
of use, may be selected.
4.2 Groundwater quality classification indices
The groundwater quality indices are classified into regular indices and non-
regular indices. The classification and limits are shown in Table 1 and Table 2
respectively.
5.5 Refer to Appendix B for the selection of groundwater quality testing methods.
Before use, it shall, according to the requirements of 5.4 of GB/T 27025-2008,
perform effective confirmation and verification.
6 Groundwater quality assessment
6.1 Groundwater quality assessment shall be based on groundwater quality
testing data.
6.2 For the single-index assessment of groundwater quality, according to the
limit value of the index value, the groundwater quality class is determined.
When the index limits are the same, the superior shall prevail.
Example: The limits of Classes I and II of volatile phenols are both 0.001 mg/L. If the
quality analysis result is 0.001 mg/L, it shall be classified as Class I, and not be classified
as Class II.
6.3 Comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality shall be determined
according to the worst class of the single-index assessment results. The worst-
class indices shall be pointed out.
Example: A groundwater sample has a chloride content of 400 mg/L and a
tetrachloroethylene content of 350 μg/L. These two indices belong to Class V. The
remaining indices are lower than Class V. Then the comprehensive classification of the
groundwater quality is Class V. Class V indices are chloride ion and tetrachloroethylene.
Table A.1 (continued)
S/N Testing indices
Sampling
container and
volume
Preservation method Preservation time
18 Ammonia nitrogen G or P, 1 L
Original sample
Or sulfuric acid, pH≤2, refrigerated at 4 °C
10 d
24 h
19 Sulfide Brown G, 0.5 L
ADD 4 drops of zinc acetate solution (200
g/L) and sodium hydroxide solution (40
g/L) per 100 mL of water sample,
protected from light
7 d
20 Sodium G or P, 1 L Original sample 10 d
21 Total coliform group
Sterilization
bottle or
sterilization bag
Original sample 4 h
22 Total number of colonies
Sterilization
bottle or
sterilization bag
Original sample 4 h
23 Nitrite G or P, 1 L Original sample Or sulfuric acid, pH≤2, refrigerated at 4 °C
10 d
24 h
24 Nitrate G or P, 1 L Original sample Or sulfuric acid, pH≤2, refrigerated at 4 °C
10 d
24 h
25 Cyanide G, 1 L Sodium hydroxide, pH≥12, refrigerated at 4 °C 24 h
26 Fluoride G or P, 1 L Original sample 10 d
27 Iodide G or P, 1 L Original sample 10 d
28 Mercury G, 0.5 L Nitric acid, pH≤2 30 d
29 Arsenic G or P, 1 L Original sample 10 d
30 Selenium G, 0.5 L Nitric acid, pH≤2 30 d
31 Cadmium G, 0.5 L Nitric acid, pH≤2 30 d
32 Chromium (hexavalent) G or P, 1 L Original sample 10 d
33 Lead G, 0.5 L Nitric acid, pH≤2 30 d
34 Total α radioactivity P, 5 L Original sample or hydrochloric acid, pH≤2 30 d
35 Total β radioactivity P, 5 L Original sample or hydrochloric acid, pH≤2 30 d
36 Beryllium G, 0.5 L Nitric acid, pH≤2 30 d
37 Boron G or P, 1 L Original sample 10 d
38 Antimony G, 0.5 L Nitric acid, pH≤2 30 d
Table A.1 (continued)
S/N Testing indices Sampling container and volume
Preservation
method Preservation time
61 O-dichlorobenzene 2×40 mL VOA brown G
ADD acid, pH< 2,
refrigerated at 4 °C 14 d
62 P-dichlorobenzene 2×40 mL VOA brown G
ADD acid, pH< 2,
refrigerated at 4 °C 14 d
63 Trichlorobenzene (total) 2×40 mL VOA brown G
ADD acid, pH< 2,
refrigerated at 4 °C 14 d
64 Ethylbenzene 2×40 mL VOA brown G
ADD acid, pH< 2,
refrigerated at 4 °C 14 d
65 Xylene (total) 2×40 mL VOA brown G
ADD acid, pH< 2,
refrigerated at 4 °C 14 d
66 Styrene 2×40 mL VOA brown G
ADD acid, pH< 2,
refrigerated at 4 °C 14 d
67 2,4-dinitrotoluene 2×1000 mL brown G Refrigerated at 4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
68 2,6-dinitrotoluene 2×1000 mL brown G Refrigerated at 4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
69 Naphthalene 2×1000 mL brown G Refrigerated at 4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
70 Anthracene 2×1000 mL brown G Refrigerated at 4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
71 Fluoranthene 2×1000 mL brown G Refrigerated at 4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
72 Benzo (b) fluoranthene 2×1000 mL brown G Refrigerated at 4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
73 Benzo (a) pyrene 2×1000 mL brown G Refrigerated at 4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
74 Polychlorinated biphenyl (total) 2×1000 mL brown G
Refrigerated at
4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
75 Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 2×1000 mL brown G
Refrigerated at
4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
76 2,4,6-trichlorophenol 2×1000 mL brown G Refrigerated at 4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
77 Pentachlorophenol 2×1000 mL brown G Refrigerated at 4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
78 Hexachlorocyclohexane (total) 2×1000 mL brown G
Refrigerated at
4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
79 γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindan) 2×1000 mL brown G
Refrigerated at
4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
80 DDT (total) 2×1000 mL brown G Refrigerated at 4 °C 7 d (extraction), 40 d
Appendix B
(Informative)
Recommended analysis methods for groundwater quality testing indices
Recommended analysis methods for groundwater quality testing indices are
shown in Table B.1.
Table B.1 -- Recommended analysis methods for groundwater quality
testing indices
S/N Testing indices Recommended analysis methods
1 Color Platinum-cobalt standard colorimetry
2 Odor and taste SMELL and TASTE
3 Turbidity Scattering method, turbidimetry
4 Substance visible to the naked eye Direct observational method
5 pH Glass electrode method (Testing is required both on-site and in laboratory)
6 Total hardness EDTA volumetry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
7 Total dissolved solids Dry gravimetric method at 105 °C, dry gravimetric method at 180 °C
8 Sulfate Barium sulfate gravimetric method, ion chromatography, EDTA volumetry, barium sulfate turbidimetry
9 Chloride Ion chromatography, silver nitrate volumetry
10 Iron Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry
11 Manganese
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry,
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic
absorption spectrometry
12 Copper Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry
13 Zinc Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry
14 Aluminum Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
15 Volatile phenols Spectrophotometry, bromination volumetry
16 Anionic surfactant Spectrophotometry
17 Oxygen consumption (CODMn method) Acidic permanganate method, alkaline permanganate method
Table B.1 (continued)
S/N Testing indices Recommended analysis methods
45 Trichloromethane
Purge-trap/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Headspace/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
46 Carbon tetrachloride
47 Benzene
48 Toluene
49 Dichloromethane
50 1,2-dichloroethane
51 1,1,1-trichloroethane
52 1,1,2-trichloroethane
53 1,2-dichloropropane
54 Tribromomethane
55 Vinyl chloride
56 1,1-dichloroethylene
57 1,2-dichloroethylene
58 Trichloroethylene
59 Tetrachloroethylene
60 Chlorobenzene
61 O-dichlorobenzene
62 P-dichlorobenzene
63 Trichlorobenzene (total)
64 Ethylbenzene
65 Xylene (total)
66 Styrene
67 2,4-dinitrotoluene Gas chromatography-electron capture detector method
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 68 2,6-dinitrotoluene
69 Naphthalene
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
High performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence
detector-ultraviolet detector method
70 Anthracene
71 Fluoranthene
72 Benzo (b) fluoranthene
73 Benzo (a) pyrene
74 Polychlorinated biphenyl (total)
Gas chromatography-electron capture detector method
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
75 Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Gas chromatography-electron capture detector method
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
High performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet
detector method
76 2,4,6-trichlorophenol
77 Pentachlorophenol
78 Hexachlorocyclohexane (total) Gas chromatography-electron capture detector method
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 79 Hexachlorocyclohexane (total)
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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