GB/T 10581-2006 PDF in English
GB/T 10581-2006 (GB/T10581-2006, GBT 10581-2006, GBT10581-2006)
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| GB/T 10581-2006 | English | 230 |
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Method of test for electrical resistance and resistivity of insulating materials at elevated temperatures
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| GB/T 10581-1989 | English | 199 |
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Method of test for insulation resistance and volume resistivity of insulating materials at elevated temperature
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Standards related to (historical): GB/T 10581-2006
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GB/T 10581-2006: PDF in English (GBT 10581-2006) GB/T 10581-2006
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.035.99
K 15
GB/T 10581-2006 / IEC 60345:1971
Replacing GB/T 10581-1989
Method of test for electrical resistance and resistivity of
insulating materials at elevated temperatures
(IEC 60345:1971, IDT)
[Translator note: Replaced by GB/T 31838.7-2021]
ISSUED ON: FEBRUARY 15, 2006
IMPLEMENTED ON: JUNE 01, 2006
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Replaced
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Preparation of electrodes and specimens ... 4
4 Test equipment ... 5
5 Conditioning ... 6
6 Test procedure ... 6
7 Result representation ... 8
8 Test report ... 8
Method of test for electrical resistance and resistivity of
insulating materials at elevated temperatures
1 Scope
This standard specifies methods for the determination of insulation resistance and
volume resistivity of insulating materials, at 800 °C and below.
This standard applies to the determination of the resistance of insulating materials,
which have high temperature resistance.
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard through
reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent amendments
(excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard; however, parties who
reach an agreement based on this Standard are encouraged to study if the latest versions
of these documents are applicable. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document applies.
GB/T 1410-2006 Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of
solid electrical insulating materials (IEC 60093:1980, IDT)
GB/T 10064-2006 Methods of test for the determination of the insulation resistance
of solid insulating materials (IEC 60167:1964, IDT)
GB/T 10580-2003 Standard conditions for use prior to and during the testing of solid
insulating materials (IEC 60212:1971, IDT)
3 Preparation of electrodes and specimens
When measuring insulation resistance, the specimen can be of any suitable size and
shape, as shown in GB/T 10064-2006. When measuring volume resistivity, it is best to
use a circular plate specimen and a three-electrode system. One of the electrodes is the
protective electrode. The thickness deviation, at any two locations of the specimen,
shall not be greater than 5% of the average thickness. The electrodes are preferably
circular. The electrode is composed of a conductive coating, which is made by melting
conductive paint OR by evaporating or spraying it on the surface of the specimen. Gold
or platinum are suitable electrode materials. Silver cannot be used, because it migrates
at high temperatures. Thin layers of gold can sinter at higher temperatures, thereby
reducing conductivity. Evaporation or sputtering electrodes shall not be used, for porous
specimens. In order to reduce the influence of the edge surface of the specimen, if the
protective electrode is not used, it is recommended that the minimum distance, from the
electrode to the edge of the specimen, is 5 mm.
4 Test equipment
4.1 Resistance measurement (see Figure 1)
The measurement shall be carried out, by a suitable device, whose sensitivity and
accuracy meet the requirements (see GB/T 1410-2006).
4.2 Heating chamber
A suitable electric oven or furnace shall be used, to heat the specimen. Its structure shall
enable the entire specimen to be heated evenly; the temperature fluctuation shall be as
small as possible. Use a suitable heat shield, to shield the specimen, to protect the
specimen from direct radiation from the heating element. The heat shield can be made
of ceramic, such as alumina or similar materials. Install a grounded metal shield of
silver, stainless steel or similar material, inside the oven, to prevent leakage currents,
between the heating circuit and the measurement circuit. In the case of high resistance
of the specimen, the heating element must be disconnected during the measurement, to
avoid interference with the measurement.
4.3 Specimen holder
The sample shall be placed, closely between two metal electrodes, in the heating
chamber. The metal electrode and its leads are made of metal or alloy, which has high
temperature resistance, oxidation resistance, sufficient mechanical stability, such as
stainless steel. In addition, the test can also be carried out in an inert gas; the two
electrodes shall have sufficient thickness, to prevent warpage AND ensure that the
temperature of the specimen is equal to that of the two electrodes. The size of the contact
surface of the two electrodes is equal to the size of the electrodes on the specimen,
wherein one of them can be moved, so that the specimen can be inserted or removed.
4.4 Measuring lead
In order to prevent leakage current from affecting the test results, an insulated
measuring wire is used, to enter the heating chamber, through a high-resistance ceramic
insulator. The insulator shall be in a cold area AND shall be properly protected.
Note: It is also possible to introduce wiring, through the holes on the furnace top or furnace
wall (the furnace body shall be grounded). If a hard wire is used for wiring, the wire can be
attached to the support; the wiring only contacts the support, which is relatively cold AND can
be made of any hard insulating material.
4.5 Temperature control
A temperature control measure shall be adopted. The temperature tolerance shall be in
accordance with the requirements of GB/T 10580-2003. It is recommended to use two
thermocouples or thermometers, one of which is placed in the heating chamber, to
control the temperature, the other is used to directly measure the temperature of the
specimen.
The thermocouple, which is used for measuring the temperature of the specimen, shall
be placed as close as possible to the specimen, so that there is no electric field
interference, when measuring the resistance. For example, a thermocouple can be
inserted directly into a hole in the electrode; the bottom of the hole is as close to the
specimen as possible (see Figure 1). Holes can be drilled on the opposite side of the
electrode, which is perpendicular to the surface of the specimen, OR on the side of the
backing plate, which is parallel to the surface of the specimen. When the thermocouple
is installed in the electrode, it must be well insulated; otherwise, the thermocouple shall
be disconnected or taken out, during measurement.
4.6 Key points during measurement
The measurement will be impacted by the reduction of the insulation resistance, due to
the heating of insulation of the wiring in the oven. Since the loop, between the current
measuring instrument and the power supply, is grounded (both sides of the specimen
are insulated to ground); if a small current loss is formed on the power supply, the
conductance, between the high potential wiring and the ground potential, can be
neglected. The conductance, between the low potential wiring and the ground potential,
forms a shunt, which is in parallel with the current measuring instrument. The resistance
to ground of the measuring electrode shall be 10 ~ 100 times higher than the input
resistance of the current measuring meter (for the most sensitive current measuring
meters, the input resistance can be as high as 1011 Ω). The leakage resistance must be
measured separately, at each temperature. If different metals are used, on the wiring and
the electrode frame, the thermocouple potential, between the different metals, can cause
measurement errors. If using a short circuit to replace the power supply, the
measurement current can indicate size of the thermocouple's potential effect.
5 Conditioning
Specimen's conditioning is as specified by the material specification, OR it is selected
from the conditions listed in Table 1 of GB/T 10580-2003.
6 Test procedure
6.1 Continuous heating (method A)
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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