GB 31612-2023 PDF in English
GB 31612-2023 (GB31612-2023) PDF English
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National food safety standard - Hygienic practice for bacterial preparations for food processing
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Standards related to (historical): GB 31612-2023
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GB 31612-2023: PDF in English GB 31612-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
National food safety standard - Hygienic specifications for
the production of strain preparations for food processing
ISSUED ON. SEPTEMBER 6, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON. SEPTEMBER 6, 2024
Issued by. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China;
State Administration for Market Regulation.
Table of Contents
1 Scope... 3
2 Terms and definitions... 3
3 Site selection and factory environment... 3
4 Factory buildings and workshops... 4
5 Facilities and equipment... 5
6 Health management... 8
7 Raw materials, food additives, and food-related products... 10
8 Food safety control during production... 11
9 Inspection... 13
10 Storage and transportation of products... 13
11 Product recall management... 14
12 Training... 14
13 Management system and personnel... 14
14 Records and document management... 14
Appendix A Microbiological control of processing... 15
National food safety standard - Hygienic specifications for
the production of strain preparations for food processing
1 Scope
This standard specifies the basic requirements and management guidelines for sites,
facilities, and personnel in the production process of strain preparations for food
processing, such as raw material procurement, strain use and management, processing,
packaging, storage, and transportation.
This standard is applicable to the production of strain preparations for food processing,
and is not applicable to products for direct consumption and distiller's yeast, red yeast
rice, etc. produced by solid-state fermentation technology.
2 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB 14881 and GB 31639 and the following apply
to this standard.
2.1 Original seed lot
Viable bacteria for preparing the main seed lot.
2.2 Main seed lot
A sufficient number of uniform composed viable bacteria formed after passage and
propagation of the original seed lot, which are used for preparing the working seed lot.
2.3 Working seed lot
Viable bacteria obtained from the activation and passage of the main seed lot on a
suitable culture medium, which are used for production.
3 Site selection and factory environment
3.1 Site selection
3.1.1 It shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
3.1.2 No factory shall be built near the production sites of biological products,
chemicals, and other products that are produced by using microorganisms.
3.2 Factory environment
It shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
4 Factory buildings and workshops
4.1 Design and layout
4.1.1 It shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
4.1.2 The factory buildings, equipment layout, and process flow shall be reasonably
connected, the building structure shall be complete, and it shall be able to meet the
requirements of production process and hygiene. The following shall be considered in
the design.
a) Avoid cross-contamination between raw materials, semi-finished products and
finished products;
b) Requirements for temperature, humidity, and other process parameters of the
production process to prevent interference in adjacent workshops;
c) Facilitate the cleaning of the inside and outside of raw material storage tanks,
fermentation tanks, semi-finished product storage tanks, etc.;
d) The air inlet for fermentation, drying, and other processes shall be set in a dry
and clean location, and it shall be easy to clean and replace filter facilities;
e) Prevent strains, contact surfaces, or packaging materials from being
contaminated by microorganisms, chemicals, etc. through reasonable layout,
separation, and other measures.
4.1.3 The production area for bacterial strain preparations shall meet the following
requirements.
4.1.3.1 The operation area shall be divided into general work area, quasi-cleaning work
area, and cleaning work area according to the production process and hygiene
requirements.
4.1.3.2 Effective separation shall be set up between work areas with different
cleanliness classes. An independent air purification system with a filter device shall be
installed in the cleaning work area and positive pressure shall be maintained to prevent
air from non-cleaning work areas from entering the cleaning work area and causing
cross-contamination.
4.1.3.3 The enrichment, emulsification, drying, mixing, and inner packaging of
bacterial cells shall be a cleaning work area (except when the enrichment and
They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
5.1.3 Cleaning and disinfection facilities
They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
5.1.4 Waste storage facilities
They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
5.1.5 Personal hygiene facilities
5.1.5.1 They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
5.1.5.2 Disinfection facilities shall be set up at the entrance to the cleaning work area,
and secondary changing rooms and special work clothes, gloves, etc. for the cleaning
work area shall be equipped as needed.
5.1.6 Ventilation facilities
5.1.6.1 They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
5.1.6.2 Air filtering and regulating facilities shall be installed in the cleaning work area,
and the air filtering device shall be cleaned and replaced regularly. The air in the factory
building shall flow from the cleaning work area with high cleanliness requirements to
the quasi-cleaning work area and general work area with low cleanliness requirements.
Ventilation facilities shall be installed in general work areas to remove moist and dirty
air in a timely manner.
5.1.6.3 The air inlet shall be more than 2 m away from the ground or roof, away from
pollution sources and exhaust outlets, and air filtering equipment shall be installed
according to the requirements of the cleanliness class. The exhaust outlet shall be
equipped with an easy-to-clean, corrosion-resistant mesh cover to prevent animal
intrusion; the ventilation device shall be easy to disassemble, clean, repair, or replace.
5.1.6.4 In areas where odors, toxic and harmful gases, or dust is generated, there shall
be elimination, collection, or control devices.
5.1.7 Lighting facilities
They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
5.1.8 Warehousing facilities
They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
5.1.9 Temperature control facilities
They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
5.2 Equipment
5.2.1 Production equipment
5.2.1.1 General requirements
They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.Inoculation equipment,
fermentation equipment, and enrichment equipment shall be equipped, and according
to the characteristics of the product production process, drying equipment shall be
equipped when necessary.
5.2.1.2 Materials
5.2.1.2.1 They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
5.2.1.2.2 Equipment and utensils in contact with semi-finished products and finished
products shall be made of materials with smooth and clean surfaces that comply with
national regulations.
5.2.1.3 Design
It shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
5.2.1.4 Inoculation equipment
Equipment related to strain inoculation such as ultra-clean workbench shall be equipped.
5.2.1.5 Fermentation equipment
5.2.1.5.1 Fermentation tanks, etc. that are suitable for the production scale shall be
equipped, and batching tanks, seed tanks, auxiliary tanks, etc. can be equipped as
needed. If necessary, equipment such as culture medium transportation, stirring, alkali
liquid transportation, compressed air (or inert gas, carbon dioxide, etc.) transportation,
automatic heating, dissolved oxygen control, steam sterilization, cleaning and
disinfection, as well as instruments and apparatus, computer control systems, control
cabinets, etc. can be equipped.
5.2.1.5.2 Compressed air or other gases used for fermentation production shall be
filtered and purified to prevent indirect pollution.
5.2.1.6 Enrichment equipment
Enrichment equipment such as centrifuges or vacuum drum separators shall be
equipped and facilitate cleaning and disinfection.
characteristics. The environment and equipment surfaces can be cleaned and disinfected
by using hydrogen peroxide, ozone, UV, etc.; the surfaces in contact with strain can be
cleaned and disinfected by using alkali, acid, steam, etc.
6.3.4 Equipment and utensils used for cleaning and disinfection shall be placed in a
dedicated place and properly kept.
6.3.5 All production workshops shall develop a periodic schedule of cleaning and
disinfection to ensure that the surfaces of all machines, pipes, and equipment in direct
contact with strain are cleaned until the surfaces are smooth and free of bacterial
residues.
6.3.6 The cleaning and disinfection process shall be recorded, such as the type, action
time, concentration, and objects of detergents and disinfectants.
6.3.7 An effective monitoring process shall be developed to verify the effectiveness of
cleaning and disinfection to ensure that disinfection operations meet relevant
requirements.
6.4 Prevention and control of phage contamination
6.4.1 Measures to prevent and control phage contamination shall be established during
the production process of bacterial strain preparations.
6.4.2 One or more of the following methods can be used to prevent and control phage
contamination.
a) In the strain screening process, select strains that are resistant to phages, and
regularly test strain resistance;
b) During the strain preservation process, the preserved strains are regularly
separated and purified;
c) During the production process, different strains are regularly rotated;
d) During the cleaning and disinfection process, regularly conduct phage testing
on facilities and equipment in the cleaning work area;
e) In the waste treatment process, strictly control the discharge of viable bacteria.
6.5 Personnel health management and hygiene requirements
They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
6.6 Pest control
It shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
6.7 Waste disposal
6.7.1 It shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
6.7.2 Waste culture medium and bacterial cells shall be treated harmlessly.
6.7.3 Containers containing waste shall be specially marked and shall be reasonably
constructed and impermeable. The containers can be closed when necessary to prevent
product contamination.
6.8 Work clothes management
It shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
7 Raw materials, food additives, and food-related products
7.1 General requirements
They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
7.2 Raw materials
7.2.1 Strains
7.2.1.1 The strains allowed to be used according to the regulations, announcements and
relevant regulations issued by the health administration department of the State Council
shall be used, and there shall be supporting materials or reports on strain identification,
genetic stability, safety, etc.
7.2.1.2 After identification, the strains shall be freeze-dried or stored in liquid nitrogen
in a timely manner. At least 2 portions shall be preserved, one for long-term preservation
and the other for seed lot preparation.
7.2.1.3 Strain archival information shall be established, including complete records of
source, history, screening, identification, number of passages, preservation methods,
quantity, start using, etc.
7.2.1.4 The genetic stability of strains shall be ensured and mutations shall be prevented
during the passage process.
7.2.2 Other raw materials
The raw materials added during the fermentation and preparation process of strains shall
comply with corresponding standards and relevant regulations.
7.3 Food additives
be used to sterilize the culture medium, and the temperature and time shall be
continuously monitored.
8.2.4 Fermentation
8.2.4.1 Operating procedures for strain fermentation shall be formulated.
8.2.4.2 During the fermentation process, the positive pressure of the fermentation tank
shall be maintained, and technical parameters such as temperature and pH value of the
fermentation broth shall be monitored.
8.2.4.3 The specification requirements for fermentation broth at the end of fermentation
shall be formulated and effectively controlled.
8.2.4.4 The maximum storage time and temperature for fermentation broth from
reaching the end of fermentation to enrichment shall be limited to prevent
contamination.
8.2.5 Enrichment and emulsification
8.2.5.1 Operating procedures for bacterial cell enrichment and emulsification shall be
formulated, and storage requirements shall be specified.
8.2.5.2 Before bacterial cell enrichment, pipes, enrichment equipment, and related tools
that are in direct contact with the fermentation broth shall be cleaned, disinfected, or
sterilized.
8.2.5.3 Before emulsification, the emulsifier, related equipment, containers, and related
tools in direct contact shall be sterilized.
8.2.5.4 The centrifugal separation and emulsification of different strains must not be
carried out at the same time in the bacterial cell enrichment and emulsification
workshop to prevent cross-contamination (except for mixed strain preparation
products).
8.2.6 Drying
8.2.6.1 Operating procedures for bacterial cell drying shall be formulated and
preservation requirements shall be specified.
8.2.6.2 Parts of drying equipment that come into direct contact with materials shall be
disinfected or sterilized regularly.
8.2.6.3 Specification requirements for dried strain preparations shall be formulated and
effectively controlled.
8.2.7 Compounding or standardization
8.2.7.1 The compounding or standardization of strain preparations shall be carried out
in the cleaning work area.
8.2.7.2 Containers for compounding or standardization shall be sterilized or disinfected.
8.2.7.3 The process formula and specification requirements for the compounding or
standardization of strain preparations shall be formulated.
8.2.8 Packaging
8.2.8.1 The inner packaging of strain preparations shall be carried out in a cleaning
work area.
8.2.8.2 Packaging materials and packaging methods that help ensure the safety and
stability of strain preparations during the shelf life shall be used.
8.2.9 Clearance
8.2.9.1 After each production stage of each batch of products is completed, it will be
decided whether to clear the site based on the characteristics and requirements of the
next batch of products, as well as the quality status of the products in the batch.
8.2.9.2 During site clearance, all tools, instruments, parts, etc. that come into direct
contact with the product shall be cleaned and disinfected, and site clearance records
shall be filled in.
8.2.9.3 Clearance records shall be included in batch production records.
8.3 Control of chemical pollution
It shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
8.4 Control of physical contamination
It shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
9 Inspection
It shall comply with the relevant regulations of GB 14881.
10 Storage and transportation of products
10.1 They shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB 14881.
10.2 Products in the warehouse shall be checked regularly, and any abnormalities shall
be dealt with promptly.
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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