GB 13057-2023 PDF in English
GB 13057-2023 (GB13057-2023) PDF English
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Strength of seats and their anchorages of passenger vehicles
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| GB 13057-2014 | English | 130 |
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The strength of the seats and their anchorages of passenger vehicles
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| GB 13057-2003 | English | 599 |
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The strength of the seats and their anchorages of passenger vehicles
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Bus driver seat--Dimensions
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GB 13057-2023: PDF in English GB 13057-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.080.20
CCS T 42
Replacing GB 13057-2014
Strength of seats and their anchorages of passenger vehicles
ISSUED ON: SEPTEMBER 08, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 01, 2024
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 6
2 Normative references ... 6
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Technical requirements ... 8
5 Test methods ... 12
6 Determination of the same type ... 19
7 Implementation of standards ... 20
Appendix A (Normative) Determination of allowable injury criterion ... 21
Appendix B (Normative) Measurement system and data processing ... 23
Strength of seats and their anchorages of passenger vehicles
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements and test methods for the strength of
seats and their anchorages of passenger vehicles.
This document applies to forward-facing passenger seats and their anchorages for Class
II, Class III and Class B passenger vehicles in categories M2 and M3, as well as to
restraining barriers and their anchorages installed in front of the seats on such passenger
vehicles.
This document does not apply to rearward-facing seats, side-facing seats and their
anchorages, nor to the driver’s seat and its anchorages.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of
their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references,
the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB 11551-2014, The protection of the occupants in the event of a frontal collision
for motor vehicle
GB 14166, Safety-belts, restraint systems, child restraint systems and ISOFIX child
restraint systems for occupants of power-driven vehicles
GB 14167, Safety-belt anchorages, ISOFIX anchorages systems and ISOFIX top
tether anchorages for vehicles
GB 15083-2019, Strength requirement and test method of automobile seats, their
anchorages and any head restraints
GB/T 15089, Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers
GB/T 29120-2012, Procedure for H-point and R-point determination
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in GB 11551-2014,
GB 14166, GB 14167, GB 15083-2019, GB/T 15089, GB/T 29120-2012, as well as the
following apply.
4.1.2.3 The HYBRID III dummy equipped with test instruments shall meet the
allowable injury criterion specified in Appendix A. The allowable injury criterion is:
a) The head injury criterion (HIC) shall be less than 1 000;
b) The chest acceleration index (ThAC) shall be less than 60 g (except for the peak
value with a duration of less than 3 ms, g = 9.81 m/s2);
c) The chest compression index (ThCC) shall not be greater than 76 mm;
d) The thigh compression index (FAC) shall be less than 10 kN; when the continuous
action time is greater than 20 ms, it shall be less than 8 kN.
4.1.2.4 The seat (or restraining barrier) and its installation shall meet the following
requirements.
a) During the test, the seat (or restraining barrier) attachments, accessories or parts
are not completely separated.
b) During the test, even if one or more vehicle fasteners are partially separated, the
seat (or restraining barrier) shall still be fixed and all locking devices shall remain
locked.
c) After the test, there shall be no breaks or sharp corners or sharp edges in the
structural parts of the seat (or restraining barrier) or its accessories that may cause
human injury. Any part of the back of the seat with a Shore A hardness greater
than 50 and a radius of curvature greater than 5 mm that is in contact with a sphere
with a diameter of 165 mm and located above the horizontal plane 400 mm above
the reference plane is considered to meet this requirement.
4.1.2.5 When the manufacturer chooses to conduct the test using the test method
specified in 5.3, the first row of seats (or restraining barriers), the second row of seats
and the dummy injury criterion shall comply with the requirements of 4.1.2.1, 4.1.2.2,
4.1.2.3 and 4.1.2.4.
4.1.3 Requirements for mountings and accessories
4.1.3.1 If a sphere with a diameter of 165 mm is used to contact any part of the back of
the seat located above the horizontal plane 400 mm above the reference plane, its radius
of curvature shall be greater than 5 mm. If any part of the mountings and accessories
located on the rigid back is made of material with a Shore A hardness not greater than
50, the requirements of this sub-clause apply only to the rigid back.
4.1.3.2 After testing in accordance with the provisions of 5.2 or 5.3, the seat belt
restraining the dummy shall not break, the seat belt fixed points shall not fail, the belt
buckle shall remain locked, and the belt buckle releasing force shall not exceed 60 N
after the test.
4.2 Requirements for anchorages
4.2.1 When there are multiple types of anchorages on a vehicle model, each type of
anchorages shall be subjected to the tests specified in 5.1 and 5.2, or the test specified
in 5.3, and shall meet the requirements of 4.1.
4.2.2 If the combination of one type of seat and one type of anchorages meets the
requirements of 4.1, when this type of seat is combined with other types of anchorages,
the anchorages may only be tested in accordance with the provisions of 5.4. After the
test, the anchorages are not allowed to be completely separated, and the anchorages or
their surrounding areas are allowed to have permanent deformation (including partial
fracture).
4.3 Seat installation requirements
4.3.1 All seats shall meet the requirements of 4.1 and comply with the following
conditions.
a) The reference height of the seat shall not be less than 1 m.
b) The height difference between the H point of the seat and the H point of the seat
immediately behind it shall not be greater than 72 mm. If it is greater than 72 mm,
the test shall be carried out at the actual installation height. As chosen by the
manufacturer, the allowable height difference is considered as an interval for
every 72 mm increase and the test is conducted according to the maximum height
difference within this interval.
4.3.2 Seats are tested in accordance with the requirements of 5.1 and 5.2, or 5.3, except
for the following circumstances:
a) When there is no forward-facing seat behind the seat or the distance between the
seat and the seat immediately behind it is greater than 1.6 m, the test specified in
5.1 does not need to be performed, and in this case the test shall not be performed
according to 5.3;
b) When there is no forward-facing seat behind the seat or the seat does not contact
area B shown in Figure 2, the test specified in 5.2 does not need to be performed,
and in this case the test shall not be performed according to 5.3.
5.1.1.4 For seats with adjustable seat backs, the seat backs shall be adjusted to make the
HPM torso inclination angle as close as possible to the normal use angle specified by
the manufacturer, or to a position that is tilted 25° backward from the vertical plane if
the manufacturer does not specify.
5.1.1.5 For seats equipped with height-adjustable head restraints, the head restraints
shall be adjusted to the lowest position.
5.1.1.6 The seat belt installed on the seat shall be consistent with the original vehicle
condition and comply with the regulations of GB 14166. Seat belt fixed points shall
comply with the regulations of GB 14167.
5.1.2 Test procedure
5.1.2.1 Test platform fixation
Fix the test platform on the trolley in a manner that does not reinforce the connection
between the seat and the test platform.
5.1.2.2 Seat installation
The second row of seats can be the same as the first row of seats, and installed in parallel
behind the first row of seats, with the same adjustment state. The distance between the
second row of seats and the first row of seats is 750 mm, and the error between the seats
shall be no more than 1%. The manufacturer may also choose to install in accordance
with the minimum seat spacing on the vehicle.
5.1.2.3 Dummy placement
5.1.2.3.1 The HYBRID III dummy or TNO 10 dummy shall be placed according to the
following plan.
a) The first stage of standard implementation: place the dummy on the second row
of seats without restraint, so that its symmetry plane coincides with the symmetry
plane of the test seating position.
b) The second stage of standard implementation: place the dummy on the second
row of seats without restraint, so that its symmetry plane coincides with the
symmetry plane of the test seating position; place the dummy on the first row of
seats so that the symmetry plane coincides with the symmetry plane of the test
seating position, and the dummy shall be restrained by the safety belt.
5.1.2.3.2 Each test dummy shall be placed on the seat according to the following steps.
a) Place the dummy on the seat in the position as required in 5.1.2.3.1.
b) Place a 76 mm × 76 mm rigid plane in front of the dummy’s torso.
d) The upper torso of the dummy shall be against the seat backrest, and the symmetry
plane of the dummy shall be vertical and parallel to the longitudinal centerline of
the seat.
e) The H point of the dummy shall be within a range of 13 mm in the vertical and
horizontal directions of a specified point, which is located 6 mm below the H
point position determined according to the procedure specified in Appendix A of
GB 11551-2014. Except when the lengths of the leg and thigh parts of the H-point
device are adjusted to 414 mm and 401 mm respectively instead of 432 mm and
417 mm.
f) The dummy’s pelvic angle shall be 22.5° ± 2.5°.
g) The dummy’s thighs shall be as close to the seat cushion as possible, and the
distance between the U-shaped outer surfaces of the knees of the legs shall be 270
mm ± 10 mm. The dummy’s legs shall be in the longitudinal vertical plane,
respectively. Final adjustments to the position of the dummy’s legs to
accommodate the placement of the feet in accordance with 5.2.2.3h) are permitted.
h) The heels of the dummy’s feet shall be placed as far forward as possible, the soles
of the feet shall be flat on the floor, and the longitudinal center lines of the feet
shall be as parallel as possible to the longitudinal center line of the seat.
i) The installed measuring instruments shall not have any influence on the movement
of the dummy during the collision.
j) When the dummy interferes with the dummy or the body structure and causes the
dummy positioning to fail to meet the above requirements, it can be adjusted to
the position closest to the target value according to the actual situation.
k) environment temperature shall be stable and maintained within the range of 19 °C
~ 22 °C.
5.2.2.4 Carry out collision simulation according to the provisions of 5.1.2.4.
5.2.3 Measurements on the trolley and dummy
Measurements shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Appendix B,
and the allowable injury criterion of the dummy shall be determined in accordance with
the provisions of Appendix A.
5.3 Test method for combination tests
5.3.1 Selection of test methods
At the manufacturer’s option, the method of 5.3 may be used instead of both the second
stage of 5.1 and the tests specified in 5.2.
5.3.2 Preparation of seats or restraining barriers
5.3.2.1 When assessing seats and their anchorages, the first row of seats (or restraining
barriers), the second row of seats and the third row of seats shall be installed on a test
platform representing the vehicle body structure. The test platform shall provide the
same fasteners for the seat (or restraining barrier) as the anchorages on which the seat
is installed. When only assessing seats, the seats are allowed to be installed on a rigid
test platform.
5.3.2.2 The decorative parts and accessories of the first row of seats (or restraining
barriers) and the second row of seats shall be complete. If the seats are equipped with
small tables, armrests and other accessories, they shall be in the stowed position.
5.3.2.3 Seats that can be adjusted laterally shall be adjusted to the widest horizontal
position.
5.3.2.4 For seats with adjustable seat backs, the seat backs shall be adjusted so that the
HPM torso inclination angle is as close as possible to the normal use angle specified by
the manufacturer. If there is no specification from the manufacturer, it shall be adjusted
to a position tilted back 25° from the vertical plane.
5.3.2.5 For seats equipped with height-adjustable head restraints, the head restraints
shall be adjusted to the lowest position.
5.3.2.6 The seat belt installed on the seat shall be consistent with the original vehicle
condition and comply with the regulations of GB 14166. Seat belt fixed points shall
comply with the regulations of GB 14167.
5.3.3 Test procedure
5.3.3.1 Fix the test platform on the trolley in a manner that does not reinforce the
connection between the seat and the test platform.
5.3.3.2 The second row of seats can be the same as the first row of seats and installed
parallel to the rear of the first row of seats. The third row of seats can be the same as
the second row of seats and installed in parallel to the rear of the second row of seats.
Adjust the status to be consistent. The seat spacing between the three rows of seats is
750 mm, and the seat spacing error shall be no more than 1%. The manufacturer may
also choose to conduct tests based on actual seat spacing on the vehicle.
5.3.3.3 Place the HYBRID III dummy on the second row of seats so that its symmetry
plane coincides with the symmetry plane of the test seating position. The dummy shall
be restrained by the seat belt and adjusted according to the procedures of 5.2.2.3.
5.3.3.4 Place the HYBRID III dummy or TNO 10 dummy on the third row of seats
without restraint, so that its symmetry plane coincides with the symmetry plane of the
test seating position, and adjust according to the instructions in 5.1.2.3.2 and 5.1.2.3.3.
5.4.1.3 If the distance between the front and rear leg ends of several types of seats is
not equal, and they can all be installed on the same fixing parts, the test shall be
conducted on the seat with the shortest distance between the front and rear leg ends.
5.4.2 Test procedure
5.4.2.1 Determination of force F
The magnitude of the force F shall be determined by Formula (1) or Formula (2):
a) The first stage dummy placement plan carried out corresponding to the
implementation of 5.1.2.3.1a):
b) The second stage dummy placement plan carried out corresponding to the
implementation of 5.1.2.3.1b):
In formula (1) and formula (2):
F – the value of force, in Newton (N);
i – the number of seats for testing anchorages.
5.4.2.2 Application of force F
The application of force F shall meet the following requirements:
a) At a position 750 mm above the reference plane, the force F acts on the vertical
line passing through the geometric center of the polygon composed of different
fixed points as vertices through the rigid structural members specified in 5.4.1.1;
b) The force F is in the horizontal direction and points to the front of the vehicle;
c) The rise time of the force specified in 5.4.2.1 shall be no more than 2 s and remain
within the specified value range, and the duration shall be at least 0.2 s.
6 Determination of the same type
Seats that meet the following requirements are considered to be of the same type:
a) The specifications, models and manufacturers of the seats are the same;
b) The structure, material, shape and size of the seat’s load-bearing parts are the same;
Appendix A
(Normative)
Determination of allowable injury criterion
A.1 Head injury criterion (HIC)
The head injury criterion shall be calculated according to the three-dimensional
resultant acceleration measured in B.2.2a), see Formula (A.1) and Formula (A.2):
In formula (A.1) and formula (A.2):
t1 and t2 – two moments, in seconds (s), a certain period of time between the beginning
of marking and the end of recording, during which the HIC value shall be the
maximum, t2 - t1 ≤ 36 ms;
rr – the resultant acceleration of the center of gravity of the head, represented by g (g =
9.81 m/s2);
rl – longitudinal instantaneous acceleration, represented by g;
rv – vertical instantaneous acceleration, represented by g;
rt – transverse instantaneous acceleration, represented by g.
A.2 Thorax acceleration criterion (ThAC)
The thorax acceleration criterion is determined by the absolute value of the resultant
acceleration (g), and the resultant acceleration is measured according to the provisions
of B.2.2b).
A.3 Thorax compression criterion (ThCC)
The thorax compression criterion is determined by the absolute value of the thorax
deformation, in millimeters (mm), and measured in accordance with the provisions of
B.2.2c).
A.4 Thigh compression criterion (FAC)
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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