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GB/T 45797-2025: Road vehicles - Low-voltage electrical system performance requirements and test methods
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GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 43.040.10 CCS T 36 Road vehicles - Low-voltage electrical system performance requirements and test methods Issued on: AUGUST 01, 2025 Implemented on: FEBRUARY 01, 2026 Issued by. Status Administration for Market Regulation; National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3 1 Scope... 4 2 Normative references... 4 3 Terms and definitions... 5 4 Abbreviations... 5 5.Technical requirements... 5 5.1 Static current... 5 5.2 Electrical balance... 5 5.3 Low-temperature cold start... 6 5.4 Vehicle withstand voltage variation... 7 5.5 Inductive load shutdown... 9 5.6 Load dump... 9 5.7 Wiring harness system... 11 5.8 Grounding system... 12 6 Test methods... 13 6.1 Test conditions... 13 6.2 Measuring equipment... 13 6.3 Vehicle conditions... 13 6.4 Test item selection... 14 6.5 Static current test... 14 6.6 Electrical balance test... 15 6.7 Low-temperature cold start test... 16 6.8 Vehicle withstand voltage variation test... 16 6.9 Inductive load shutdown test... 23 6.10 Load dump test... 24 6.11 Wiring harness system test... 26 6.12 Grounding system test... 30 Appendix A (Informative) List of test items... 33 Appendix B (Informative) Example of vehicle static current test scenarios... 35 Appendix C (Informative) Electrical balance test conditions and load settings... 38 Appendix D (Informative) Functional checklist... 44 Appendix E (Informative) List of inductive loads... 48 References... 49 Road vehicles - Low-voltage electrical system performance requirements and test methods1 Scope
This document specifies the performance requirements for the 12 V/24 V low-voltage electrical system of vehicles and describes the corresponding test methods. This document applies to Category M and N vehicles; other vehicle types shall refer to this document for guidance. This document does not apply to the high-voltage electrical system portion of electric vehicles.2 Normative references
The following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies; for undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 5008.1 Lead-acid starter batteries - Part 1.Technical conditions and methods of test GB/T 12535-2021 Test method of starting performance for motor vehicle GB/T 21437.2-2021 Road vehicles - Test method of electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling - Part 2.Electrical transient conduction along supply lines only GB/T 25085.1 Road vehicles - Automotive cables - Part 1.Vocabulary and design guidelines GB/T 28046.1 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 1.General GB/T 28046.2-2019 Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment - Part 2.Electrical loads GB/T 31465 (all parts) Road vehicles - Fuse-links3 Terms and definitions
The defined terms and definitions, which are defined in GB/T 28046.1, apply to this document.4 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations apply to this document. DC/DC. DC/DC Converter EPS. Electronic Power Steering PEPS. Passive Entry Passive Start SOC. State of Charge 5.Technical requirements 5.1 Static current Obtain the static current of the vehicle and each controller; check for any non-designed static current; assess whether the vehicle meets the transportation time requirements and starting requirements after long-term storage. After testing according to 6.5, the vehicle static current, the static current of controllers and other components, the vehicle static current under different usage scenarios shall not exceed the design value. 5.2 Electrical balance Obtain the relationship between energy generation and consumption between the battery, generator or DC/DC converter, and electrical loads; assess the rationality of the power system selection. After testing according to 6.6, the SOC change and transient voltage of lead-acid batteries shall meet the requirements of Table 1.Other battery requirements can be determined through negotiation between the supplier and the buyer. according to Table 3 or Table 4 in GB/T 28046.2-2019. 5.4 Vehicle withstand voltage variation 5.4.1 DC power supply voltage range Inspect the performance of each vehicle component within the minimum and maximum power supply voltage range. After testing according to 6.8.2, the functional status of each vehicle component shall meet Class A as defined in GB/T 28046.1. 5.4.2 Overvoltage 5.4.2.1 Prolonged overvoltage Simulate the output voltage rise caused by power supply system failure. After testing according to 6.8.3.1, the functional status of each vehicle component shall meet Class C as defined in GB/T 28046.1. 5.4.2.2 Auxiliary starting overvoltage Simulates the excessively high voltage input to various components of a 12 V vehicle system during auxiliary starting. After testing according to 6.8.3.2, the functional status of each vehicle component shall at least reach Class D as defined in GB/T 28046.1; it may be required to reach a more stringent Class B if necessary. This requirement applies to vehicles with a 12 V low-voltage power supply system. 5.4.2.3 Instantaneous overvoltage Simulates the effect of a disconnected load connection or load current injection on the vehicle in the power distribution system. After testing according to 6.8.3.3, the functional status of each vehicle component shall meet Class A as defined in GB/T 28046.1. 5.4.3 Superimposed AC voltage Simulates the ripple voltage that occurs under DC power supply. After testing according to 6.8.4, the functional status of all vehicle components shall meet the Class A definition of GB/T 28046.1. 5.4.4 Slow voltage drop and rise, slow voltage drop and fast voltage rise 5.4.4.1 Slow voltage drop and rise Simulates the voltage changes during the gradual discharge and charging of a battery. Test according to 6.8.5.1.When the voltage is not lower than USmin specified in Table 7 or Table 8, the functional status shall reach Class A as defined in GB/T 28046.1.When the voltage is lower than USmin specified in Table 7 or Table 8, the functional status shall at least reach Class D as defined in GB/T 28046.1. 5.4.4.2 Slow voltage drop and fast voltage rise Simulates the voltage change of a battery gradually discharging and rapidly recovering to the maximum supply voltage (USmax). The test shall be conducted according to 6.8.5.2. When the voltage is not lower than USmin specified in Table 7 or Table 8, the functional status shall reach Class A as defined in GB/T 28046.1; when the voltage is lower than USmin specified in Table 7 or Table 8, the functional status shall at least reach Class D as defined in GB/T 28046.1. 5.4.5 Transient changes in supply voltage 5.4.5.1 Transient drop in supply voltage Simulates the instantaneous voltage drop caused by the blowing of a conventional fuse in other circuits. After the test is conducted according to 6.8.6.1, the functional status of all vehicle components shall at least reach Class B as defined in GB/T 28046.1. Whether a drop to Class C is permissible may be determined through negotiation between the supplier and the buyer. 5.4.5.2 Reset characteristics This test examines the reset performance of various vehicle components under different voltage drops. The test shall be conducted according to 6.8.6.2.For equipment with a reset function, the functional status shall at least reach Class C as defined in GB/T 28046.1. 5.4.5.3 Starting characteristics This test examines the performance of various vehicle components during vehicle startup. The test shall be conducted according to 6.8.6.3.The functional status of relevant equipment operating during vehicle startup shall reach Class A as defined in GB/T 28046.1.Other functions shall be determined according to Table 3 or Table 4 in GB/T 28046.2-2019.This test is not required for low-voltage power supply systems without a low-voltage starter. 5.4.6 DC/DC superimposed square wave Simulate DC/DC output voltage changes. After testing according to 6.8.7, the functional status of each vehicle component shall meet Class A as defined in GB/T 28046.1.This test is not required for low-voltage power supply systems without DC/DC. 5.4.7 Short-term power interruption 5.4.7.1 Interruption time variation Test the performance of short-term power interruption for each vehicle component under varying interruption time conditions. Test according to 6.8.8.1.When the interruption time tmicro ≤ 100 µs, the functional status of each vehicle component shall meet Class A as defined in GB/T 28046.1; when the interruption time tmicro > 100 μs, the functional status of each vehicle component shall at least reach Class C as defined in GB/T 28046.1. 5.4.7.2 Recovery time variation Test the performance of short-term power interruption for each vehicle component under varying recovery time conditions. After testing according to 6.8.8.2, the functional status of all vehicle components shall at least reach Class C as defined in GB/T 28046.1. 5.4.8 Long-term power interruption Test the performance of all vehicle components under long-term power interruption. Test according to 6.8.9.After power is restored, no unexpected current fault codes shall appear; the functional status of all vehicle components shall at least reach Class C as defined in GB/T 28046.1. 5.5 Inductive load shutdown Test the impact of voltage pulses generated at the moment of inductive load shutdown on the vehicle's power supply and functions. After conducting the test according to 6.9, the following requirements shall be met. a) The voltage fluctuation during the inductive load turn-off process shall meet the requirements of Class IV in the transient waveform grading table B.3.7 of GB/T 21437.2-2021; b) The functional status of the components related to the tested load shall conform to Class A as defined in GB/T 28046.1. 5.6 Load dump 5.6.1 Load dump interference under general operating conditions This test examines the impact of voltage pulses generated during load dump under different battery SOC and engine speed conditions on the power supply system, network system, various vehicle functions. This test does not apply to electric vehicles, but electric vehicles can refer to this test. After testing according to 6.10.1, the following requirements shall be met. a) The peak value and duration of the voltage pulse generated during load dump shall meet the requirements of Table 2.An example of the load dump pulse waveform ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
