GB/T 2585-2021 PDF English
US$935.00 · In stock · Download in 9 secondsGB/T 2585-2021: Hot-rolled steel rails for railway Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedureStatus: Valid GB/T 2585: Evolution and historical versions
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 2585-2021 | English | 935 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery
|
Hot-rolled steel rails for railway
| Valid |
| GB 2585-2007 | English | RFQ |
ASK
|
8 days
|
[GB/T 2585-2007] Hot-rolled steel rails for railway
| Obsolete |
| GB 2585-1981 | English | 239 |
Add to Cart
|
2 days
|
Technical requirements for 38kg/m to 50kg/m steel rails for railway
| Obsolete |
Excerpted PDFs (Download full copy in 9 seconds upon purchase)PDF Preview: GB/T 2585-2021
GB/T 2585-2021: Hot-rolled steel rails for railway---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT2585-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.140.60; 45.080
H 52
Replacing GB/T 2585-2007
Hot-rolled steel rails for railway
Issued on. MARCH 09, 2021
Implemented on. OCTOBER 01, 2021
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 8
4 Order contents... 8
5 Classification... 9
6 Dimensions, shape, weight, tolerance... 9
7 Technical requirements... 14
8 Test method... 21
9 Inspection rules... 27
10 Mark and quality certificate... 29
Appendix A (Normative) Cross section type and size chart of steel rail... 32
Appendix B (Normative) Sample diagram for rail size inspection... 47
Appendix C (Normative) Macrostructure organization rating chart of steel rail... 60
Appendix D (Normative) Test method for residual stress of rail bottom... 65
Appendix E (Normative) Test method for plane strain fracture toughness (KIC) of rails
... 67
1 Scope
This standard specifies the order content, classification, size, shape, quality and
tolerance, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, signs and quality
certificates of steel rails for railway.
This standard applies to 38 kg/m ~ 75 kg/m symmetrical section hot-rolled steel rails
and on-line heat-treated steel rails.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For the dated
documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document;
for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is
applicable to this standard.
GB/T 222 Permissible tolerances for chemical composition of steel products
GB/T 223.3 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The diantipyryl
methane phosphomolybdate gravimetric method for the determination of
phosphorus content
GB/T 223.5 Steel and iron - Determination of acid-soluble silicon and total silicon
content - Reduced molybdosilicate spectrophotometric method
GB/T 223.9 Iron steel and alloy - Determination of aluminium content - Chrome
azurol S photometric method
GB/T 223.11 Iron, steel and alloy - Determination of chromium content - Visual
titration or potentiometric titration method
GB/T 223.12 Methods for chemical analysis of iron, steel and alloy - The sodium
carbonate separation-diphenyl carbazide photometric method for the determination
of chromium content
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1
Heat
All billets cast from one heat of molten steel until a certain billet is completely
poured from the next heat of molten steel (excluding this billet).
3.2
Sequence
Sequence of molten steel of the same designation in different heats in the tundish.
4 Order contents
When ordering, the buyer shall provide the supplier with the following information.
5 Classification
According to the operating speed, it is divided into steel rails below 200 km/h and steel
rails above 200 km/h.
6 Dimensions, shape, weight, tolerance
6.1 Dimensions and tolerances
6.1.1 Steel rail types include 38 kg/m, 43 kg/m, 50 kg/m, 60 kg/m (60, 60 N), 75 kg/m
(75, 75 N). Their cross-sectional dimensions shall meet the requirements of Appendix
A.
6.2 Bolt holes and rail end chamfers
Welded rails do not need to be machined of bolt holes. When bolt holes are required,
the bolt holes of the rail shall be chamfered at 45°, according to the corresponding
requirements in Appendix A; the depth of the chamfer shall be 0.8 mm ~ 2.0 mm.
6.3 Rail length and tolerance
6.3.1 Rail length
6.3.1.4 The length of curvilinear shortened rails for rails, which have a fixed length of
75 m and 100 m, shall be negotiated between the supplier and the purchaser; the
collocation quantity of the short rails shall be indicated in the contract.
6.3.2 Length tolerance
The tolerance of the length of the rail shall comply with the provisions in Table 3.
6.4 Weight
Rails are delivered by theoretical weight. See Appendix A for calculation data. The
density of steel is 7.85 g/cm3.
7 Technical requirements
7.1 Manufacturing method
7.1.1 The steel shall be smelted by oxygen converter or electric arc furnace. It shall be
refined outside the furnace and vacuum degassed.
7.1.2 During the rolling process, the iron scale shall be removed by high-pressure jetting.
7.1.3 The rolling reduction ratio of rails shall not be less than 9.1.
7.2 Designation and chemical composition
7.2.1 The designation, chemical composition, residual elements (smelting analysis) of
the steel shall comply with the provisions in Table 4, Table 5, 7.2.2, 7.2.3.Residual
elements may be exempted from inspection, if the supplier can guarantee it.
7.2.2 The hydrogen content of molten steel shall not exceed 2.5 × 10-4%. When the
hydrogen content of molten steel is greater than 2.5 × 10-4%, the steel billet or rail shall
be subject to retarded cooling. The hydrogen content of the finished rail shall not exceed
2.0 × 10-4%.
7.3 Delivery status
Rails shall be delivered in the state of hot rolling or on-line heat treatment.
7.4 Mechanical properties Designation
Chemical composition (mass fraction) %
7.4.2 The mechanical properties of heat-treated rails shall meet the requirements in
Table 7.On the same rail, the range of hardness variation shall not exceed 30 HBW.
7.5 Microstructure
The microstructure of the rail shall be pearlite; there may be a small amount of ferrite,
which is distributed along the grain boundaries; BUT there shall be no martensite,
bainite and reticular cementite, which are distributed along the grain boundaries.
7.6 Decarburized layer
The inspection range of the decarburized layer of the rail is as shown in Figure 2.The
depth -- from the surface to the continuous and closed ferrite network -- is not greater
than 0.5 mm, as shown in Figure 3.
7.9 Ultrasonic flaw detection
7.9.1 Ultrasonic flaw detection shall comply with the provisions of YB/T 951.
7.9.2 Rails shall be inspected by full-length ultrasonic flaw detection one by one.
7.10.2 There shall be no delamination or cracks on the end face of the rail and the
surface of the bolt hole; the burrs on the edge shall be removed.
7.11 Residual stress on rail bottom
The maximum longitudinal residual tensile stress of the rail bottom shall not be greater
than 250 MPa.
7.14 Fracture toughness (KIC)
The minimum and average values of the fracture toughness (KIC) of rail, which is
measured at the test temperature of -20 °C, in accordance with the requirements of
Appendix D, shall comply with the provisions in Table 12.
8 Test method
8.1 Inspection items, sampling locations, sampling quantities, test methods
The inspection items, sampling locations, sampling quantities, test methods of rails
shall comply with the provisions in Table 13.
8.2 Chemical composition analysis of finished products
According to the requirements of the buyer, the chemical analysis of the finished
product can be carried out.
8.3 Microstructural examination
Sampling at the rail head for microstructure inspection, see Figure 5 for the sampling
location. The magnification is 500 times under the metallographic microscope; the test
is carried out according to the method specified in GB/T 13298.
8.4 Inspection of decarburized layer
Measure the depth of the continuous closed ferrite network, at any part of the surface
layer of the rail head, as specified in Figure 2 (see Figure 3). The test shall be carried
out according to the method of GB/T 224.
8.5 Inspection of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen content
8.5.1 Hydrogen content
8.5.2 Oxygen content, nitrogen content
For the determination of oxygen content and nitrogen content, take samples from the
molten steel and allow them to solidify, OR take samples from the rail head. The
sampling positions are as shown in Figure 6.
8.6 Evaluation of non-metallic inclusions
The rail head is cut longitudinally at a distance of 10 mm from the top surface of the
rail. The inspection surface shall be parallel to the top surface of the rail and centered,
with an area not less than 200 mm2.The test is evaluated in accordance with the method
A of GB/T 10561-2005.
9 Inspection rules
9.1 Inspection and acceptance
The inspection and acceptance of rails shall be in the charge of the quality inspection
department of the supplier.
9.2 Type inspection
9.2.1 Type inspection shall be done, under the following circumstances.
a) When a new steel type is produced for the first time OR when major changes occur
in the production process and production equipment;
9.2.2 Type inspection items include all inspection items in Table 13.
9.3 Group-batching rules
Rails shall be accepted in batches. Each batch consists of rails, which are rolled from
billets as continuously poured by several furnaces of molten steel of the same
designation and model.
9.4 Re-inspection and judgment
9.4.1 Chemical composition
If the chemical composition and hydrogen content are unqualified, re-inspection shall
not be performed. When the oxygen and nitrogen elements are unqualified, re-
inspection shall be carried out, for each batch of steel. The rails of qualified furnaces
can be accepted after re-inspection; the rails of unqualified furnaces shall not be
accepted.
9.4.2 Tensile test
If the result of the initial inspection is unqualified, a re-inspection sample shall be taken
from the other two rails of the same furnace for re-inspection.
9.4.3 Decarburized layer, non-metallic inclusions
9.4.4 Macrostructure
9.4.4.1 Rail white spots shall not be re-inspected.
9.4.4.2 When the macrostructure preliminary inspection does not meet the requirements
9.4.5 Microstructure
When the inspection results do not meet the requirements, re-inspect samples from two
adjacent rails in the same batch.
9.5 Numerical rounding off
The rounding off of the test results of mechanical properties shall be carried out, in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 228.1.The rounding of values of other test
results shall be carried out, in accordance with the provisions of YB/T 081.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
Tips & Frequently Asked QuestionsQuestion 1: How long will the true-PDF of English version of GB/T 2585-2021 be delivered?Answer: The full copy PDF of English version of GB/T 2585-2021 can be downloaded in 9 seconds, and it will also be emailed to you in 9 seconds (double mechanisms to ensure the delivery reliably), with PDF-invoice. Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 2585-2021_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. The purchased PDF of GB/T 2585-2021_English will be deemed to be sold to your employer/organization who actually paid for it, including your colleagues and your employer's intranet. Question 3: Does the price include tax/VAT?Answer: Yes. Our tax invoice, downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, includes all tax/VAT and complies with 100+ countries' tax regulations (tax exempted in 100+ countries) -- See Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs): List of DTAs signed between Singapore and 100+ countriesQuestion 4: Do you accept my currency other than USD?Answer: Yes. www.ChineseStandard.us -- GB/T 2585-2021 -- Click this link and select your country/currency to pay, the exact amount in your currency will be printed on the invoice. Full PDF will also be downloaded/emailed in 9 seconds. Question 5: Should I purchase the latest version GB/T 2585-2021?Answer: Yes. Unless special scenarios such as technical constraints or academic study, you should always prioritize to purchase the latest version GB/T 2585-2021 even if the enforcement date is in future. Complying with the latest version means that, by default, it also complies with all the earlier versions, technically. How to buy and download a true PDF of English version of GB/T 2585-2021?A step-by-step guide to download PDF of GB/T 2585-2021_EnglishStep 1: Visit website https://www.ChineseStandard.net (Pay in USD), or https://www.ChineseStandard.us (Pay in any currencies such as Euro, KRW, JPY, AUD).
Step 2: Search keyword "GB/T 2585-2021".
Step 3: Click "Add to Cart". If multiple PDFs are required, repeat steps 2 and 3 to add up to 12 PDFs to cart.
Step 4: Select payment option (Via payment agents Stripe or PayPal).
Step 5: Customize Tax Invoice -- Fill up your email etc.
Step 6: Click "Checkout".
Step 7: Make payment by credit card, PayPal, Google Pay etc. After the payment is completed and in 9 seconds, you will receive 2 emails attached with the purchased PDFs and PDF-invoice, respectively.
Step 8: Optional -- Go to download PDF.
Step 9: Optional -- Click Open/Download PDF to download PDFs and invoice.
See screenshots for above steps: Steps 1~3 Steps 4~6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9
|