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GB/T 51431-2020: Technical standard for mobile communication base station engineering
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Technical standard for mobile communication base station engineering
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GB/T 51431-2020
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 51431-2020 (GB/T51431-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Technical standard for mobile communication base station engineering | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | P76 | | Classification of International Standard | 33.020 | | Word Count Estimation | 49,428 | | Date of Issue | 2020-06-09 | | Date of Implementation | 2021-03-01 | | Quoted Standard | GB 50009; GB 50011; GB 50016; GB 50017; GB 50057; GB 50135; GB 50140; GB 50201; GB 50217; GB 50222; GB 50367; GB 50656; GB 50689; GB 51120; GB/T 51125; GB 51194; GB 51199; GB 51203; GB/T 51369; GB/T 51391; GB 3096; GB 8702; YD/T 1051; YD/T 1821; YD/T 2164 | | Issuing agency(ies) | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation | | Summary | This standard applies to the planning, design, construction, acceptance, and maintenance of communication base stations in public cellular mobile communication networks. | GB/T 51431-2020: Technical standard for mobile communication base station engineering---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
1 General
1.0.1 This standard is formulated in order to unify the engineering technical requirements of communication base stations in public cellular mobile communication networks, and achieve technical specifications, safety and reliability.
1.0.2 This standard applies to the engineering planning, design, construction, acceptance and maintenance of communication base stations in public cellular mobile communication networks.
1.0.3 Project construction should implement the national basic construction guidelines and economic policies, and implement the relevant national regulations on energy conservation, materials, water use, land use and environmental protection.
1.0.4 The project construction shall meet the requirements for co-construction and sharing of public cellular mobile communication base station infrastructure.
1.0.5 Project construction should select materials and equipment that have issued qualified inspection reports and meet the relevant national technical requirements.
1.0.6 Project construction in areas with seismic fortification intensity of 7 degrees and above shall meet the requirements for anti-seismic fortification, and the main telecommunications equipment shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Testing Specifications for Seismic Performance of Telecommunications Equipment" YD5083.
1.0.7 The construction of public cellular mobile communication base stations shall not only comply with the provisions of this standard, but also comply with the relevant current national standards.
2 Terms and Abbreviations
2.1 Terminology
2.1.1 communication business operator
Units that comply with the "Regulations on Telecommunications of the People's Republic of China" and have obtained a telecommunication business license.
2.1.2 mobile communication infrastructure
Including mobile communication base station infrastructure and wireless indoor coverage system infrastructure. Mobile communication base station infrastructure mainly includes base station equipment room, power supply system, lightning protection grounding system, outdoor support, etc. Wireless indoor coverage system infrastructure mainly includes source equipment Computer room, remote equipment room, power system, grounding system and wiring bridge, etc.
2.1.3 mobile communication base station
An important part of the mobile communication network refers to the radio transceiver station that transmits information between the mobile core network and the mobile terminal. Typically, a mobile communication base station is composed of radio signal transmitting and receiving equipment, power supply equipment, transmission equipment, air conditioning equipment, antennas, and connecting cables.
2.1.4 indoor wireless coverage system
The wireless indoor coverage system is a solution for improving the indoor signal environment of buildings. The wireless indoor coverage system evenly distributes the signals of mobile communication base stations in various areas of the building, thus ensuring good signal coverage in indoor areas. Typically, a wireless indoor coverage system includes signal source equipment, remote equipment, terminal equipment, power supply equipment, transmission equipment, antennas, and connecting cables.
2.1.5 base station room
The room used to install mobile communication base station radio signal transmitting and receiving equipment, power supply equipment, transmission equipment, air conditioning equipment, etc.
2.1.6 signal source equipment room
The room used to install the signal source equipment, power supply equipment, transmission equipment, POI (multi-system integration platform) and other equipment required by the wireless indoor coverage system.
2.1.7 remote equipment room between remote equipment
The room used to install the remote communication equipment required by the wireless indoor coverage system.
2.1.8 Outdoor support of base station antenna
Outdoor supports for base station antennas refer to the structural components that install mobile communication base station antenna supports on the roof of the main structure of the building, the technical layer of the building (including external walls, external wall windows and openings), and outdoor public areas within the red line of the building. Including roof self-supporting tower, rising frame, roof holding pole, roof beautification radome, exterior wall beautification radome, exterior wall holding pole and other roof communication tower masts.
2.1.9 distributed base station distributed base station
The distributed base station refers to the separation of the indoor baseband processing unit (BBU) and the remote radio unit (RRU) of the mobile communication base station. Among them, the baseband, main control, transmission, clock and other functions of the base station are integrated in the baseband processing unit (BBU); the transceiver and power amplifier of the base station are integrated in the remote radio frequency unit (RRU) and installed at the antenna end. The radio frequency unit and the baseband Units are connected by optical fibers to complete network coverage.
Part of the physical layer processing functions of the indoor baseband processing unit (BBU) of the mobile communication base station, the remote radio unit (RRU), and the passive antenna are integrated into an active antenna unit (AAU).
In the subsequent network evolution, the indoor baseband processing unit (BBU) of the mobile communication base station can be reconfigured into two functional entities, the central unit (CU) and the distributed unit (DU). The central unit (CU) mainly includes non-real-time wireless high-level protocol stack functions, and also supports the deployment of some core network functions and edge application services. The distribution unit (DU) mainly handles physical layer functions and real-time data links. layer function.
2.1.10 bureau station
The computer room or site where network access equipment is placed.
2.1.11 public cellular mobile communication public cellular mobile communication
The cellular wireless networking method is used to connect the terminal and network equipment through a wireless channel, so that public user terminals can communicate while moving.
2.1.12 Global navigation satellite system
A system composed of multiple communication satellites covering the whole world, the system can collect the latitude, longitude and altitude information of any place at any time, so as to realize various functions such as positioning and timing.
2.2 Abbreviations
BBU (Building Baseband Unit) indoor baseband unit
RRU (Remote Radio Unit) remote radio unit
AAU (Active Antenna Unit) active antenna unit
CU (Centralized Unit) central unit
DU (Distributed Unit) distribution unit
SPD (Surge Protection Device) surge protector
POI (Point of Interface) multi-system integration platform
3 Mobile communication base station planning
3.0.1 Base station planning should be determined according to the economic development status of the region and the development plan of the communication industry, in accordance with the requirements of urban and rural planning, overall land use planning, and special planning of communication infrastructure, combined with factors such as network topology and performance requirements.
3.0.2 The site selection of the base station shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Code for Design of Communication Construction Engineering" YD5003.
3.0.3 Base station planning should make rational use of social resources such as the existing government and enterprises, and realize the co-construction and sharing of resources according to the needs of multiple telecom service operators to build base stations at the same site.
3.0.4 The site of the base station shall comply with the current national standard "Electromagnetic Environment Control Limits" GB 8702 on electromagnetic radiation environmental protection and protection regulations.
3.0.5 The site of the base station should avoid being located in the lightning strike area. When it is unavoidable, corresponding lightning protection measures should be taken.
3.0.6 The site selection of the base station should be avoided within.200 meters near the high-power substation.
3.0.7 The site of the base station should be located in a place with good supporting conditions such as power supply, transmission and access.
3.0.8 The safe distance between the base station site and surrounding facilities should meet the communication security needs and relevant regulations.
3.0.9 Building design should consider the construction requirements of mobile communication infrastructure, and the setting of mobile communication infrastructure should be one of the important contents of building scheme design review.
3.0.10 The construction of mobile communication infrastructure in newly built buildings should be completed simultaneously with the main building in accordance with the requirements of the special planning for communication infrastructure. requirements for equal access.
3.0.11 The optical cable ducts inside the red line of the building shall be reserved for the optical cable ducts and trunkings connected with the telecommunications operators outside the red line, so as to ensure that the optical cables outside the red line can enter the building.
3.0.12 For every 50,000 square meters of building or building group, at least one outdoor support for mobile communication base station antennas shall be reserved, and the part less than 50,000 square meters shall be calculated according to the requirements of 50,000 square meters.
3.0.13 The source equipment room of the wireless indoor coverage system should be built together with the telecommunications room of the building, and the remote equipment room should be built together with the weak current well of the building.
4 Mobile communication base station engineering design
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Base station engineering design should meet network construction requirements such as network performance and coverage, capacity, quality and investment.
4.1.2 The type of base station should be selected according to factors such as network coverage characteristics of different systems, coverage scenarios, and supporting conditions.
4.1.3 The selection of the base station site should meet the requirements of the overall structure and layout of the wireless network, the distance between the base station stations should meet the coverage requirements and interference control, and the location deviation range should not affect the network performance.
4.1.4 The lightning protection and grounding design of the base station shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Lightning Protection and Grounding Engineering of Communications Bureau (Station)" GB 50689.
4.1.5 Base station engineering design should take necessary camouflage, beautification and other technical measures according to the environment of the base station and in combination with environmental protection requirements, so as to be harmonious and unified with the surrounding environment.
4.2 Base station equipment design
4.2.1 The functional requirements, performance requirements, interface requirements, operation and maintenance requirements, mechanical and environmental requirements, power supply and grounding requirements, and synchronization requirements of base station equipment shall comply with the relevant public cellular mobile communication technology system and design requirements.
4.2.2 Base station equipment selection should comprehensively consider factors such as product performance, integration, compatibility, power consumption level, convenience of upgrade and maintenance, and purchase price, and adopt various equipment forms to meet various scenarios and application requirements.
4.2.3 Base station equipment selection should follow the principles of energy saving, material saving, land saving and environmental protection.
4.2.4 The equipment layout of the base station computer room should take into account the equipment installation requirements and the efficiency of the computer room, and should reserve space for later expansion.
4.2.5 The anti-seismic reinforcement design of base station equipment shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Standards for Seismic Design of Communication Equipment Installation Engineering" GB/T 51369.
4.2.6 Outdoor equipment should have a physical protection level corresponding to the environment.
4.2.7 The type of base station antenna and feeder should be selected according to the planning capabilities and deployment scenarios of the base station.
4.2.8 The base station antenna installation location, height, direction angle, and pitch angle should meet the coverage quality requirements of the public cellular mobile communication network.
4.2.9 When multiple systems coexist, the isolation requirements of each system should be met. Measures such as space isolation and filter isolation should be taken between different antenna and feeder systems on the same sky. Relevant provisions of YD5191 in Interim Provisions on Engineering Technology and YD/T2164.1 in Technical Requirements for Co-construction and Sharing of Telecommunications Infrastructure Part 1.Steel Towers.
4.3 Base station power system design
4.3.1 The technical scheme of the power supply system of the base station shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "General Technical Requirements for Communication Bureau (Station) Power Supply System" YD/T1051 and "Code for Design of Communication Power Equipment Installation Engineering" GB 51194.
4.3.2 The voltage level of the mains power introduced into the base station power system shall be determined according to the local power supply conditions, power consumption capacity and requirements of the power supply department.
4.3.3 The capacity and number of circuits of mains incoming lines shall meet the scalability requirements. For base stations without the introduction of mains power, the main power supply can be powered by solar energy, wind energy or other energy sources, preferably green energy sources.
4.3.4 The base station can configure mobile generator sets or fixed generator sets as backup power sources according to local power supply conditions.
4.3.5 The rack capacity of the DC power system should be configured according to the long-term load, the switching power supply module should be configured according to the short-term load, and the DC system should have a secondary power-off function.
4.3.6 When the distributed base station equipment is far away from the central office station, centralized DC remote power supply can be used.
4.3.7 The design of the power environment monitoring system of the base station shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Communication Power Centralized Monitoring System Engineering Design Code" YD/T5027, and shall be able to collect the operating parameters and working status of power supplies, air conditioners and other equipment, as well as fire protection and anti-theft in the computer room., temperature and humidity and other environmental parameters.
4.3.8 The conductor cross section of the AC power cord should be selected according to the allowable current carrying capacity of the conductor.
4.3.9 The section of the DC power line should be calculated according to the allowable voltage drop of the DC power supply circuit, and should meet the allowable current carrying capacity of the wire.
4.4 Base station supporting design
4.4.1 The design of the base station computer room shall meet the space requirements for the installation and maintenance of mobile communication system equipment, and shall meet the requirements of urban construction, environmental protection, fire protection, earthquake resistance, and civil air defense.
4.4.2 The design service life and structural safety level of the newly built base station computer room shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Code for Design of Communication Construction Engineering" YD5003.
4.4.3 The area of the base station computer room should meet the space requirements for the equipment layout of multiple operators and the medium and long-term expansion needs.
4.4.4 The base station computer room should have normal lighting sources and emergency lighting sources.
4.4.5 The configuration of the air-conditioning equipment in the base station computer room should be determined according to the long-term normal operation requirements of the communication equipment and the climatic conditions.
4.4.6 The fire protection design of the newly built base station computer room shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standards "Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings" GB 50016, "Code for Design of Building Fire Extinguisher Configuration" GB 50140 and "Code for Fire Protection Design of Building Interior Decoration" GB 50222.The fire resistance rating of the computer room should not be lower than Class II, and should be equipped with fire extinguishing devices.
4.4.7 The wind resistance capacity of the base station equipment room shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Building Structure Loads" GB 50009.
4.4.8 The anti-seismic fortification category of the base station computer room shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Classification Standard for Seismic Fortification of Communication Buildings" YD/T5054.
4.4.9 The seismic design of the base station equipment room shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011.
4.4.10 The lightning protection and grounding of the base station computer room, the equipotential connection method in the computer room and the location design of the grounding bar shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Communication Bureau (Station) Lightning Protection and Grounding Engineering Design Code" GB 50689.
4.4.11 The flood control of the base station computer room shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Flood Control Standard" GB 50201.
4.4.12 If stations are set up in areas vulnerable to man-made damage, corresponding protective measures should be set up as required.
4.4.13 When the site of the base station is selected in a non-telecom dedicated building, it shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Safety Technical Requirements for Renting a House to Renovate a Communication Room" YD/T2198.
4.4.14 The antenna feeder system of the base station should have perfect measures to prevent direct lightning strikes and secondary induction lightning. Facilities such as base station antenna feeder lines, machine rooms, and outdoor cable racks should be within the protection range of lightning rods.
4.4.15 The lightning protection and grounding design of the antenna feeder system of the base station and the outdoor cable rack shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Lightning Protection Design of Buildings" GB 50057 and "Code for Design of Lightning Protection and Grounding Engineering of Communication Bureau (Station)" GB 50689.The cross-sectional area of the grounding copper wire should be determined according to the maximum fault current value and the mechanical strength of the material.
4.4.16 The height of the indoor cable rack in the base station equipment room should be set according to factors such as equipment height, cable direction, construction and maintenance convenience, etc. The vertical distance between the lower end of the cable rack and the top of the equipment should not be less than 0.2m, and the upper end of the cable rack and the equipment room The top spacing should not be less than 0.3m.
4.4.17 The selection of cabling frame components in the base station computer room shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Design Standard for Iron Frame Installation in Telecommunications Computer Room" YD/T5026.
4.4.18 The wiring frame in the base station equipment room should be grounded and electrically connected.
4.4.19 The position, size and hole setting of the feeder window in the base station equipment room shall meet the penetration and fixing requirements of cables with different outer diameters, and shall reserve space for later expansion.
4.4.20 The lower edge of the feeder window in the base station equipment room should be higher than the outdoor cable rack, and should have a waterproof sealing function, and the seal should be easy to expand and replace.
4.4.21 When adding a mobile communication engineering steel tower mast structure to an existing building, the technical appraisal or design review of the building should be carried out, and it can only be implemented after meeting the load requirements.
4.4.22 The design of the steel tower and mast shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Code for Design of Steel Tower and Mast for Mobile Communication Engineering" YD/T5131.
4.4.23 The design of the reinforced concrete mast structure shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Design Standards for Towering Structures" GB 50135.
4.4.24 Base station antenna masts should avoid dangerous and unfavorable locations.
4.4.25 The type selection of steel masts should meet the joint construction and sharing requirements of multiple telecommunication service operators, and should be coordinated with the surrounding environment. Corresponding beautification and camouflage measures should be taken for sensitive areas.
5 Construction of mobile communication base station
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Base station construction should adopt products that are conducive to environmental and resource protection, such as energy saving, water saving, and waste recycling.
5.1.2 During the construction of the base station project, the construction of supporting facilities such as equipment installation, cable layout, antenna feeder system, lightning protection grounding system, machine room and tower mast shall meet the requirements for co-location construction of base station equipment of multiple telecom operators.
5.1.3 The construction of the base station project shall comply with the relevant provisions of the current industry standard "Code for Safety Production and Operation of Communication Construction Engineering" YD5201.
5.2 Construction of base station computer room and mast
5.2.1 The construction of the base station computer room shall meet the relevant requirements of urban construction, environmental protection, fire protection, earthquake resistance, and civil air defense.
5.2.2 The building and decoration construction of the base station equipment room shall meet the design requirements. The positions and specifications of relevant channels, holes, fasteners, etc. shall meet the engineering design requirements.
5.4.4 Cable layout should be beautiful, and beautify base station cables should be concealed.
5.4.5 When the outdoor cables enter the room, a waterproof bend should be made. The radius of the waterproof bend should be greater than the specified minimum turning radius of the cable. The bend of the cable should be 0.1m~0.2m lower than the lower edge of the feeder window.
5.4.6 Outdoor optical cables, cables and feeders should be laid on outdoor wiring racks, and reliable grounding should be ensured. For sky surfaces and tower masts that do not have the conditions for outdoor cable rack installation, protective sleeves should be installed.
5.4.7 The feeder routing into the room should be arranged in layers from top to bottom, neat and orderly. The feeder inlet window should be a feeder window, and the hole should be tightly sealed after the feeder is installed.
5.4.8 The transmission optical cable should be buried underground and led into the base station equipment room; if there is no underground condition, a special hole should be set in the equipment room according to the design requirements for the transmission optical cable to enter and exit the equipment room.
5.4.9 Cables should not be bundled and laid out along the building lightning protection belt and lightning protection ground wire.
5.4.10 Cables should avoid being routed in the same route as fire-fighting pipelines and strong current and high-voltage pipelines.
5.4.11 The layout of cables shall comply with the following regulations.
1.ESC control cables and other cables should be laid separately in the cable walkway;
2.The cables should be straight and tidy, avoid crossing and entanglement of cables, and disconnect them in order;
3.The cables should be bound on the first horizontal iron of the cable walkway, and the binding buckle should be moderately tight;
4 The cable bends should be uniform and smooth, and the bending radius should meet the requirements of the corresponding specifications;
5 There should be clear marks on both ends of the cable.
5.4.12 Routing of power lines and signal lines...
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