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GB/T 36668.4-2020: Condition monitoring and fault diagnostics of amusement device - Part 4: Vibration monitoring method
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Condition monitoring and fault diagnostics of amusement device - Part 4: Vibration monitoring method
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GB/T 36668.4-2020
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Basic data | Standard ID | GB/T 36668.4-2020 (GB/T36668.4-2020) | | Description (Translated English) | Condition monitoring and fault diagnostics of amusement device - Part 4: Vibration monitoring method | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | Y57 | | Classification of International Standard | 97.200.40 | | Word Count Estimation | 14,161 | | Date of Issue | 2020-03-06 | | Date of Implementation | 2020-03-06 | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration | GB/T 36668.4-2020: Condition monitoring and fault diagnostics of amusement device - Part 4: Vibration monitoring method
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Condition monitoring and fault diagnostics of amusement device - Part 4.Vibration monitoring method
ICS 97.200.40
Y57
National Standards of People's Republic of China
State monitoring and fault diagnosis of amusement facilities
Part 4.Vibration monitoring method
2020-03-06 released
2020-03-06 Implementation
State Administration for Market Regulation
Issued by the National Standardization Management Committee
Table of contents
Preface Ⅲ
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 Terms and definitions 1
4 Method overview 1
5 Safety requirements 2
6 Personnel requirements 2
7 Requirements, maintenance and calibration of monitoring instruments 2
8 Monitoring process regulations 3
9 Monitoring method 3
10 Evaluation and classification of monitoring results 5
11 Troubleshooting 5
12 Maintenance strategy 6
13 Records and reports 6
Appendix A (Normative Appendix) Performance Requirements for Vibration Monitoring Instruments (Systems) 7
Appendix B (normative appendix) State evaluation level of monitored equipment 8
Foreword
GB/T 36668 "Amusement Facilities Status Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis" is divided into the following 6 parts.
---Part 1.General Provisions;
---Part 2.Acoustic emission monitoring method;
---Part 3.Infrared thermal imaging monitoring method;
---Part 4.Vibration monitoring method;
---Part 5.Stress detection and monitoring methods;
---Part 6.Operating parameter monitoring method.
This part is Part 4 of GB/T 36668.
This section was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
Please note that certain contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing agency of this document is not responsible for identifying these patents.
This part was proposed and managed by the National Cableway and Amusement Facilities Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC250).
Drafting organizations of this section. Zhengzhou University, China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Henan Special Equipment Safety Inspection and Research Institute, Huaqiang Fangte
Cultural Technology Group Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this section. Dong Xinmin, Shen Gongtian, Hao Wangshen, Liu Hui, Wang Guofang, Li Juanjuan, Hu Bin, Liu Ran, Chen Hong, Zhang Junjiao, Chen Lei,
Wang Xiaoliang.
State monitoring and fault diagnosis of amusement facilities
Part 4.Vibration monitoring method
1 Scope
This part of GB/T 36668 specifies the application of vibration monitoring technology to monitor and diagnose the operating status of rotating parts of amusement facilities.
Method and result evaluation and classification.
This section applies to the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rotating parts of newly manufactured and in-use amusement devices.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article
Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 2298 Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring vocabulary
GB/T 13824 Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating machines requires vibration intensity measuring instrument
GB/T 14412 Mechanical installation of mechanical vibration and shock accelerometer
GB/T 20737 Non-destructive testing general terms and definitions
GB/T 20921 Machine Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis Vocabulary
GB/T 23718.2 Requirements for training and certification of personnel for machine condition monitoring and diagnosis Part 2.Vibration condition monitoring and diagnosis
GB/T 34370 (all parts) Non-destructive testing of amusement equipment
GB/T 36668.1 State Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Amusement Facilities Part 1.General
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions defined in GB/T 2298, GB/T 20737, GB/T 20921, and GB/T 36668.1 apply to this document.
3.1
Vibration monitoring
Monitor and collect the vibration data and information of the running state of the rotating parts of the amusement device.
3.2
Vibration intensity
Vibration intensity.
Note. The International Organization for Standardization recommends that the vibration intensity be expressed by the root mean square value of the vibration velocity at a specified point on the mechanical equipment.
4 Method overview
4.1 Basic principles
When the rotating parts of the amusement device operate normally without failure, the vibration intensity is generally low. When the mechanical structure is damaged or worn, cracked
In the case of improper installation, the vibration intensity will generally increase, and the vibration intensity range of different conditions (state levels) of the equipment is not
The same. By monitoring the change of vibration intensity, the state of the rotating parts of the amusement equipment is rated.
4.2 Use vibration to monitor equipment condition
Vibration monitoring should select appropriate parameters to analyze the data obtained by the vibration system. The evaluation result not only depends on the absolute value of the measured vibration parameters
It also depends on the change trend of vibration parameters under specific operating conditions. It should be noted that the vibration characteristics will vary depending on the equipment and operating conditions
It varies with equipment load.
4.3 Advantages and limitations of vibration monitoring
The advantages of vibration monitoring include.
a) Non-intrusive;
b) Due to the high sensitivity, fault information can be found in advance;
c) Real-time monitoring of the operating status of objects;
d) The frequency range of vibration measurement is wide, and it can make static and dynamic measurement at the same time, which has strong applicability.
The limitations of vibration monitoring include.
a) Vulnerable to high operating background noise;
b) The characteristics of the detected vibration defects cannot be related to the accurate failure mechanism.
5 Safety requirements
This chapter does not list all the security requirements during implementation, users who use this section should establish security guidelines before implementation.
The safety requirements during implementation are at least as follows.
a) The monitoring personnel shall comply with the safety requirements for the on-site operation of amusement facilities, and wear protective work clothes and wear according to the requirements of the monitoring site
Relevant protective equipment;
b) Pay attention to the exposed rotating parts (such as gears, shafts, etc.) of the monitored equipment to prevent sleeves, trouser legs, cables, etc. from being twisted in;
c) Attention should be paid to the temperature status of the monitored equipment to avoid burns;
d) When monitoring, attention should be paid to the movement of the car when the amusement facilities are started and running to prevent collisions and obstruction of connecting cables;
e) When operating at high altitude, factors such as personnel and monitoring equipment falling should be considered, and necessary protective measures should be taken.
6 Personnel requirements
The personnel who use this part for monitoring shall obtain corresponding personnel qualifications in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 23718.2 or the regulations of the relevant competent authorities
The level qualification certificate issued or recognized by the appraisal agency can only engage in the monitoring work required by the corresponding qualification level.
7 Requirements, maintenance and calibration of monitoring instruments
7.1 Requirements
Monitoring equipment should include sensors, host (including acquisition, storage, display, etc.) and other units. The performance of the monitoring instrument should comply with GB/T 13824
And the requirements of Appendix A.
7.2 Maintenance and calibration
The user of the monitoring instrument should formulate a calibration work instruction, and carry out periodic maintenance, inspection and calibration of the equipment to ensure the function of the instrument.
The calibration results should be recorded and reported accordingly.
8 Monitoring process regulations
8.1 General monitoring process regulations
Units engaged in vibration monitoring should formulate general vibration monitoring process regulations in accordance with the requirements of this section, and their content should at least include the following elements.
a) Scope of application;
b) Quote standards and regulations;
c) Implementation personnel qualifications;
d) Monitoring equipment. sensors, signal lines, instrument host, monitoring data acquisition and analysis software, etc.;
e) Information of the monitored equipment and components. name, type, number, structure, size, installation location, design and operating parameters;
f) Sensor installation location and sensor installation method;
g) Operating conditions and monitoring timing;
h) Monitoring process and data analysis and interpretation;
i) Evaluation of monitoring results;
j) Monitoring records, reports and data archiving;
k) Preparation, review and approval personnel;
l) Date of compilation.
8.2 Monitoring work instruction or process card
For each monitored component or each set of monitored equipment, a vibration monitoring operation instruction or process card shall be formulated in accordance with the requirements of 8.1.
9 Monitoring method
9.1 Preparation before monitoring
9.1.1 Document review
Data review should include the following.
a) Manufacturing documents and materials of the monitored parts. product qualification certificates, quality certification documents, as-built drawings, etc., fully understand the structure and
Movement and working mode, etc.;
b) Operation records of the monitored parts. daily maintenance records, start and stop conditions, operating parameters, load changes, and operation
Abnormal circumstances, etc.;
c) Inspection data. previous inspection and monitoring reports, failure history, past vibration data;
d) Other materials. documents and materials for repair and transformation, etc.
9.1.2 Site survey
All possible noise sources, such as electromagnetic interference, air noise, operating background noise, and mechanical background noise, should be identified, and try to
It is possible to exclude these noise sources.
9.1.3 Determination of implementation conditions
9.1.3.1 Determination of personnel contact information
Determine the implementation conditions according to the on-site situation, and establish the contact method of vibration monitoring personnel and equipment operation control personnel.
9.1.3.2 Determine the operating procedures of amusement facilities
Determine the operating procedure of the equipment according to the type of equipment and actual operating conditions.
9.1.4 Preparation of monitoring work instructions or process cards
For each monitoring component or each set of monitored equipment, according to the instrument used and the actual situation of the site, in accordance with the general monitoring process regulations
Compile a vibration monitoring work instruction or process card, determine the location and surface conditions of the vibration sensor, and measure the monitored equipment at the same time
Draw, number the monitored parts, and draw a schematic diagram of the structure of the monitored equipment. Without affecting the monitoring, the sensor should be installed as far as possible
Can be close to the rotating parts.
9.2 Installation of the sensor
The installation of the sensor should meet the following requirements.
a) Install the sensor according to the sensor installation position determined by the schematic diagram;
b) Perform surface treatment on the installation part of the sensor to make the surface smooth and free of grease;
c) Fix the sensor (adhesive, strong magnetic adsorption or threaded connection, etc.) at the determined installation position, so that the sensor is connected to the installation position.
The contact surface has good contact stiffness;
d) The installation method is in accordance with the relevant regulations of GB/T 14412.
9.3 Start-up and setting of monitoring instruments
Connect the installed sensor to the acquisition channel interface of the system host, and start up, set the preliminary working parameters.
9.4 Monitoring implementation
9.4.1 Loading of monitored equipment
The load conditions and operating time phase and duration of the monitored equipment shall meet the following requirements.
a) Under rated load conditions, the monitored equipment operates normally according to its operating mode, and the operating time should ensure that sufficient monitoring is obtained
data;
b) The data of the three stages of equipment startup, operation, and shutdown should be collected separately. Each stage should continuously collect at least 10 operating cycles.
9.4.2 Monitoring the environment
Monitoring should be carried out as close as possible to the actual working environment of the equipment.
9.4.3 Acquisition parameter settings
The guidelines for collecting parameter settings include at least the following.
a) The sampling frequency should be at least 2 times the highest analysis frequency;
b) The sampling length should be set so that the spectral resolution is not less than 1Hz;
c) The number of sampling groups should not be less than 10 groups.
9.4.4 Data storage and process observation
When collecting vibration information during equipment operation, vibration data storage and process observation should pay attention to the influence of the following factors.
a) At least the waveform signal of each channel should be saved when the collected data is saved;
b) When observing the monitoring process, the trend of vibration intensity over time should be observed.
9.4.5 Monitoring data analysis
When analyzing monitoring data, the following should be included.
a) Draw the trend of the effective value and intensity of the equipment vibration, and analyze the status change of the equipment;
b) Analyze the vibration characteristics of the equipment using methods such as FFT and power spectrum, and determine the type of failure by comparing the characteristics of the fault in the relevant data.
9.5 Monitoring records
The main contents of the monitoring records include at least the contents listed in Chapter 13.The monitoring records and data should be provided during the entire life cycle of the equipment
save.
10 Evaluation and classification of monitoring results
10.1 Classification of results
The equipment classification is carried out in accordance with Table B.1 of Appendix B, and the result classification of the monitored equipment status is carried out in accordance with Table B.2.
10.2 Result verification
If the evaluation level of the monitoring results is level I, no verification is required. If several consecutive monitoring results are level I, the monitoring can be extended appropriately
cycle.
If the evaluation level of the monitoring result is Ⅱ, no verification is required, and the monitoring period can be shortened according to the usage of the inspected components.
If the evaluation level of the monitoring results is Ⅲ, the monitoring period should be greatly shortened and the verification should be determined according to the actual situation.
If the evaluation level of the monitoring result is Ⅳ, the operation of the equipment should be stopped immediately, the rotating parts should be disassembled, and other testing methods should be used for verification.
The verification of the evaluation of the monitoring results shall be carried out according to the detection method specified in GB/T 34370 for surface and (or) internal defect detection.
11 Troubleshooting
11.1 Measurement interval
The time interval for the next monitoring should be determined according to the equipment's new and old degree, operating conditions and the previous monitoring results.
More than 12 months should be monitored again. The adjustment of the measurement interval is used to grasp the signs of failure and the degradation speed and behavior of expected failures.
The point is to accurately predict failures.
11.2 Vibration signal interpretation
The main purpose of data analysis is to link the vibration measurement results with the operating status to help identify the status of the equipment.
The criteria adopted by the vibration evaluation equipment operating state include at least.
a) The intensity of the vibration signal continues to increase over time;
b) Spectral characteristics showing abnormal conditions.
11.3 Fault diagnosis procedure
Typical fault diagnosis can follow the following steps.
a) Analyze the trend and frequency spectrum characteristics of the effective value and intensity of the vibration, and combine the operating parameters of the rotating parts to diagnose the location of the fault;
b) Analyze the characteristics of the vibration frequency spectrum, combine the operating parameters of the rotating parts, and diagnose the fault type;
c) Issue reports.
12 Maintenance strategy
The maintenance strategy should be set based on the verified vibration evaluation results.
The maintenance of rotating parts should consider disassembly and non-disassembly. For large rotating parts that are not easy to disassemble, a maintenance
Grade. For detachable rotating parts, the grade is divided according to GB/T 36668.1.
13 Records and reports
13.1 Record
The monitoring data or information shall be recorded in accordance with the requirements of the monitoring process regulations, at least including the content listed in 13.2, and in accordance with relevant regulations and standards.
Standards and (or) contracts require all records to be kept.
13.2 Report
The vibration monitoring report should include at least the following.
a) The name, address and contact information of the unit using the monitored equipment;
b) The name, type, installation location, and date of the monitored equipment;
c) The type, model, and speed of the rotating parts being monitored;
d) Monitoring cycle and defect status;
e) Implementation standard and/or reference standard number;
f) Monitoring method, instrument model, sensor model and fixing method;
g) Sketch map of sensor installation location;
h) Monitoring software name and data file name;
i) Waveform diagram and frequency spectrum diagram of typical vibration signals;
j) Analysis of monitoring results and classification;
k) Fault diagnosis conclusion;
l) Signatures and qualification certificate numbers of monitors, report writers and reviewers;
m) The date of monitoring and issuance of the report.
Appendix A
(Normative appendix)
Vibration monitoring instrument (system) performance requirements
A.1 Sensor
The response frequency of the sensor is recommended to be in the range of 10Hz~3000Hz, and its sensitivity is not less than 60dB.
The sensitivity change within the operating temperature range should not exceed 3dB.
A.2 Signal cable
The signal cable between the sensor and the system host should be able to shield electromagnetic noise interference. The signal cable attenuation loss should be less than
1dB/30m. The signal cable length should not exceed 5m.
A.3 System host
A.3.1 The host of the vibration system should have at least 4 channels.
A.3.2 The independent sampling frequency of each channel should not be less than 10 times the frequency of the center point of the sensor's response frequency.
A.3.3 The threshold accuracy should be controlled within ±1dB.
A.3.4 The accuracy of the vibration signal count measurement value should be within ±5%.
A.3.5 All channels can be collected simultaneously.
A.3.6 The accuracy of the peak amplitude measurement value should be within ±2dB, and the dynamic range of the signal without distortion should not be less than 65dB.
A.3.7 The vibration analysis software should at least have analysis functions such as vibration effective value and intensity trend curve, amplitude spectrum, and power spectrum.
Appendix B
(Normative appendix)
State evaluation level of monitored equipment
B.1 Regulations on the classification of amusement facilities
The classification of amusement facilities is in accordance with Table B.1.
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