GB/T 14950-2009 PDF English
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GB/T 14950-2009: Terms of photogrammetry and remote sensing---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT14950-2009
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 07.040
A 77
Replacing GB/T 14950-1994
Terms of photogrammetry and remote sensing
Issued on. FEBRUARY 06, 2009
Implemented on. JUNE 01, 2009
Issued by. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 4
1 Scope... 5
2 Classification of photogrammetry... 5
3 Classification of remote sensing... 8
4 Data acquisition... 9
5 Data processing... 25
6 Results... 55
Bibliography... 62
English index... 63
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions of photogrammetry and
remote sensing, with English and Chinese indexes (Translator note. this
translation version only provides English index).
This Standard is applicable to the establishment of photogrammetry and remote
sensing standards, the preparation of technical documents, the compilation of
teaching materials, books and literature.
2 Classification of photogrammetry
2.1 photogrammetry
A scientific technique that uses photographic image information to determine
the shape, size, spatial location, properties, and relationship of the object.
2.2 aerophotogrammetry; aerial photogrammetry
A photogrammetry that is performed by the images that are acquired by aviation
vehicles.
2.3 space photogrammetry
A photogrammetry that is performed by the images that are acquired by
spacecrafts.
2.9 close-range photogrammetry
A photogrammetry that is performed by the stereo image obtained from a target
with an object distance of not more than 300m.
2.10 microphotogrammetry; ultra-close-range photogrammetry
Macro photogrammetry
2.11 ballistic
A photogrammetry that uses a ballistic camera, takes starry sky as background,
to get the status of a flying object in the air and is used to study the flight path
of the flying object.
2.18 underwater photogrammetry
A photogrammetry that is used to map underwater terrain or study underwater
objects.
2.19 real-time photogrammetry
A photogrammetry that is completed quickly in real time, that integrates data
acquisition, processing and output of results.
2.20 Moire topography
A photogrammetry that uses the Moire effect to form an equivalent fringe
directly on the surface of the measured object.
2.21 side-looking radar survey
A photogrammetry that uses a side-view radar to obtain ground target image
information.
3 Classification of remote sensing
3.1 Remote sensing
A modern scientific technique that does not touch the object itself, that uses a
sensor to collect the electromagnetic wave information of the target, that, after
processing and analysis, identifies the target, reveals its geometry, physical
characteristics and interrelationships, and their changes.
3.2 remote sensing platform
A carrier to place sensors that can perform remote sensing operation.
3.3 aerial remote sensing; airborne remote sensing
A remote sensing that is based on aero planes such as airplanes, airships, and
balloons.
3.10 microwave remote sensing
A remote sensing of which the working band of the sensor is limited to the range
of the microwave band.
3.11 active remote sensing
A remote sensing method that the sensor emits a certain frequency of
electromagnetic radiation to the target, and then receives the radiation
information returned from the target.
3.12 passive remote sensing
A remote sensing method that receives radiation information directly from the
target.
4 Data acquisition
4.1 photography
A technique that uses sensors to obtain object images and other related
information.
4.2 space photography
A photography of the earth or other cosmic space planets from outside the
earth's atmosphere, that uses spacecrafts such as satellites, spacecraft, space
shuttles and orbiting space stations as platforms.
4.7 oblique photography
A photography that the main optical axis of the camera deviates from the vertical
or horizontal direction and is carried out at a certain tilt angle.
4.8 high-altitude aerial photography
An aerial photography that the photography height is higher than 6000m.
4.9 low-altitude aerial photography
An aerial photography that the photography height is lower than 1000m.
4.15 black-and-white photography
A photography that expresses the image of the photographed subject in
different shades of black, gray and white.
4.16 colour photography
A photography that reproduces color images of the photographed subject in rich
colors.
4.17 infrared photography
A photography that obtains the infrared spectrum information of the
photographed subject.
4.27 radar navigation
A navigation method that uses a radar to determine the position and guides
moving objects to navigate.
4.28 Doppler navigation
A navigation method that uses Doppler effect to measure motion parameters
and position of moving objects.
4.29 inertial navigation
A navigation method that uses an inertial sensing device to measure
acceleration to estimate the speed and position of moving objects.
4.30 global navigation satellite system; GNSS
A general term for systems that use satellites for global navigation and
positioning.
5 Data processing
5.1 photographic processing
A processing process that reveals the exposed photosensitive material into a
visible image according to a certain processing process.
5.10 electronic printing
A photographic method that uses a cathode ray tube for scanning exposure and
automatic homogenization.
5.11 photo rectification; rectification of photograph
An operating process of converting an oblique photo into a horizontal photo of
a predetermined scale through projection conversion.
5.12 elements of interior orientation; interior orientation elements
Directional elements inside photo
Basic parameters to determine the geometric relationship of the photographic
beam on the image side, that is, the image plane coordinate values (x0, y0) of
the principal point and the camera principal distance value (fk).
5.37 affine rectification
A transformation method that maintains parallelism of straight lines in images
before and after transformation.
5.38 optical differential rectification
Gap rectification
Differential correction that uses an orthographic projection device of optical
projection type to scan and expose the photo image one by one correction unit.
5.39 electronic differential rectification
Differential rectification that is realized by flying spot scanning tubes.
5.40 analytical rectification
Differential rectification that is realized by an analytical method on an
orthographic projector according to photo fragmented surface data or digital
elevation models.
5.51 epipolar ray; epipolar line
A line of intersection a plane (kernel plane) and a photo plane passing through
the photographic baseline and the target point.
5.52 epipolar ray image
An image without vertical parallax obtained by resampling from the original
image along the epipolar line.
6 Results
6.1 aerial photograph
A photo containing surface image information that is taken from the air to the
ground by a camera.
6.2 index to photography
A retrieval map that is created by taking photographic districts or picture frames
as the unit, arranging the photos in the order of the photographic route number
and the photo number to overlap and reduce the photos.
6.9 photo mosaic
An image map that is inlaid after using multiple remote sensing images without
geometric correction, stitching according to the main corresponding feature,
after removing the overlapping images.
6.10 aerophotogrammetric original
An original topographic map that is prepared by aerial photogrammetry.
6.11 reprographic original
An aerial photograph that is reproduced by photographic methods.
6.23 stereophoto map
A map that consists of an orthophoto map and a stereo paired image map.
6.24 digital map
A map represented by a certain data organization method in the form of a
geospatial data collection.
6.25 digital line graph; DLG
A geographic information dataset that represents terrain features in vector data.
6.26 digital orthophoto map; DOM
An image data set that is corrected by orthographic projection.
6.27 digital raster graphic; digital raster graph; DRG
A geographic information dataset that represents terrain features as raster data.
6.28 triangular irregular network; TIN
A data structure for describing complex surfaces with irregular triangle sets; of
which three vertices of each triangle are on the surface, do not overlap each
other, and completely cover the entire surface.
6.29 digital elevation model; DEM
A dataset that expresses ground fluctuations with elevation values of regular
grid points.
6.30 digital terrain model; DTM
A general term that defines a certain set of feature values on the ground at
discrete points (rectangles or triangles) in the X and Y domains.
6.31 digital surface model; DTM
A dataset that expresses the undulating shape of the surface of an object
(including canopy, roof) in a series of three-dimensional coordinates of discrete
points or regular points.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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