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GB 17512.1-2010 English PDF

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GB 17512.1-2010: National food safety standards -- Food additives -- Erythrosine
Status: Valid

GB 17512.1: Evolution and historical versions

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GB 17512.1-2010English399 Add to Cart 3 days [Need to translate] National food safety standards -- Food additives -- Erythrosine Valid GB 17512.1-2010
GB 17512.1-1998English519 Add to Cart 4 days [Need to translate] Food additive. Erythrosine Obsolete GB 17512.1-1998

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Basic data

Standard ID GB 17512.1-2010 (GB17512.1-2010)
Description (Translated English) National food safety standards -- Food additives -- Erythrosine
Sector / Industry National Standard
Classification of Chinese Standard X42
Classification of International Standard 67.220.20
Word Count Estimation 17,146
Date of Issue 2010-12-21
Date of Implementation 2011-02-21
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB 17512.1-1998
Regulation (derived from) Ministry of Health Bulletin No. 19 of 2010
Issuing agency(ies) Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China
Summary This Chinese standard applies to fluorescent yellow after being obtained by iodized food additive erythrosine.

GB 17512.1-2010: National food safety standards -- Food additives -- Erythrosine

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National food safety standards - food additives - erythrosine National Food Safety Standard Food Additives erythrosine Issued on. 2010-12-21 2011-02-21 implementation National Standards of People's Republic of China People's Republic of China Ministry of Health issued

Foreword

This standard replaces GB 17512.1-1998 "food additive erythrosine." This standard compared with GB 17512.1-1998, the main changes are as follows. - Added safety tips; - Modify the discrimination test methods; - Colorimetric method allows parallel determination by the difference of 2.0% revised to 1.0%; - Modify the detection of chloride and sulfate; - Arsenic (As) is modified by chemical detection methods limit law atomic absorption spectrometry; - Cancel the heavy metals (Pb) quality specifications; - Increase the lead (Pb) indicator and detection methods; - An increase of zinc (Zn) indicators and detection methods. Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix, Appendix B is an informative annex. This standard replaces the standards previously issued as follows. --GB 17512.1-1998. National Food Safety Standard Food Additives erythrosine

1 Scope

This standard applies to fluorescent yellow after iodized prepared food additive erythrosine.

2 Normative references

The standard file referenced in the application of this standard is essential. For dated references, only the edition date of the note Apply to this standard. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this standard. 3 chemical name, structural formula, molecular formula and relative molecular mass 3.1 Chemical Name 9- (o- carboxyphenyl) -6-hydroxy-2, 4, 5, 7 tetraiodobisphenol -3H- xanthene-3-one disodium salt monohydrate 3.2 formula OO NaO COONa H2O Formula 3.3 C20H6I4Na2O5 · H2O 3.4 relative molecular mass 897.87 (according to 2007 international relative atomic mass) 4. Technical Requirements 4.1 Sensory requirements. comply with Table 1. Table 1 Sensory requirements Project requires test methods Red to dark brown color By visual assessment of natural light. State organization powders or granules 4.2 Physical indicators. to comply with Table 2. Table 2. Physical and chemical indicators Item Index Test Method Erythrosine, w /% ≥ 85.0 Appendix A A.4 Loss on drying, chloride (based on NaCl) and sulfate (NaSO4 in dollars) of the total, w /% ≤ 14.0 Appendix A A.5 Water-insoluble, w /% ≤ 0.20 A.6 in Appendix A Deputy dye, w /% ≤ 3.0 Appendix A A.7 Sodium iodide, w /% ≤ 0.40 Appendix A A.8 Arsenic (As)/(mg/kg) ≤ 1.0 A.9 in Appendix A Lead (Pb)/(mg/kg) ≤ 10.0 Appendix A A.10 Zinc (Zn)/(mg/kg) ≤ 20.0 A.11 Appendix A

Appendix A

(Normative) Testing method A.1 Safety Tips Reagents The standard test methods used for toxic or corrosive, according to the relevant provisions of the operation, the operation need to be careful. If splash On the skin should immediately wash with water, severe cases should be treated immediately. When using a volatile acid, to be carried out in a fume hood. A.2 General Provisions This standard reagents and water, did not indicate when the other requirements, refer to the three water analytical reagent and GB/T 6682-2008 requirements. Standard test solution required impurity standard solution, preparations and products at the time did not indicate other provisions, according to GB/T 601, GB/T 602, GB/T 603 regulations formulated and calibration. A.3 Identification Test A.3.1 Reagents and materials A.3.1.1 sulfuric acid. A.3.1.2 hydrochloric acid. A.3.1.3 ammonium acetate solution. 1.5g/L. A.3.2 Instruments and Equipment A.3.2.1 Spectrophotometer. A.3.2.2 cuvette. 10mm. A.3.3 Identification method It should meet the following conditions. A.3.3.1 weighed sample of about 0.1g (accurate to 0.01g), was dissolved in 100mL of water, red clear solution. Take 5 mL was added 1 mL Hydrochloric acid, the resulting red precipitate. A.3.3.2 weighed sample of about 0.2g (accurate to 0.01g), sulfuric acid dissolved in 20mL, brownish yellow, this take 2 drops to 3 drops of liquid, add water, 5 mL, Produces orange-red precipitate. A.3.3.3 weighed sample of about 0.1g (accurate to 0.01g), was dissolved in 100mL ammonium acetate solution of this solution 1mL, plus ammonium acetate solution with To 100mL, wavelength of maximum absorption of the solution was 526 nm ± 2nm. A.4 Determination erythrosine A.4.1 gravimetric method (Arbitration Act) A.4.1.1 Method summary After sample dissolution, dilution, acidification, boiled and filtered through constant, then constant, and then weighed to calculate. A.4.1.2 Reagents and materials A.4.1.2.1 hydrochloric acid solution. 149. A.4.1.2.2 hydrochloric acid solution. 1199. A.4.1.3 instruments and equipment A.4.1.3.1 oven thermostat. A.4.1.3.2 sand core glass crucible. G4, a pore size of 5μm ~ 15μm. A.4.1.4 analysis step Weigh about 2.5g sample (accurate to 0.0001g), placed in a beaker, dissolved in water transferred to 250mL volumetric flask, dilute to the mark, Shake well. The draw 50mL solution, placed in the 250 mL beaker, heated to boiling, a solution of 20 mL of hydrochloric acid (149), boiled again Boiling, then rinse with 5 mL of water inside of the beaker, covered with a watch glass and heated on a boiling water bath for about 5h later, allowed to cool to room temperature, it has been at 135 ℃ ± 2 ℃ drying to constant weight, and weighed to cool the G4 sintered glass crucible, the precipitate was filtered. Then each 15mL hydrochloric acid solution (1199) After rinsing and washed twice, and then 15mL washed once with water and the precipitate G4 sintered glass crucible was baked at 135 ℃ ± 2 ℃ thermostatic drybox To constant, 30min after cooling in a dryer and weigh. A.4.1.5 Calculation Results Erythrosine mass fraction 1w its value is expressed in%, according to formula (A.1) Calculated. 074.11 1 ×× × = mw (A.1) Where. m1 - Numerical precipitate mass, in grams (g); 1.074 - transform coefficients; m - mass of sample values in grams (g). The results represent a decimal. The absolute difference between the parallel determination results is not more than 0.2% (mass fraction), the arithmetic mean value as a measurement result. A.4.2 Colorimetric method A.4.2.1 Method summary The samples with known content erythrosine standards were dissolved in water and diluted to volume with ammonium acetate solution, at the maximum absorption wavelength, Were measured absorbance, calculate its content. A.4.2.2 Reagents and materials A.4.2.2.1 ammonium acetate solution. 1.5g/L. A.4.2.2.2 erythrosine standard. ≥85.0% (mass fraction, measured according to A.4.1). A.4.2.3 instruments and equipment A.4.2.3.1 spectrophotometer. A.4.2.3.2 cuvette. 10mm. Preparation A.4.2.4 erythrosine standard solution Weigh about 0.25g (accurate to 0.0001g) erythrosine standard sample is dissolved in an appropriate amount of water, transferred to 1000mL brown volumetric flask, add Diluted with water to the mark. Imbibe 10 mL, transferred to 500 mL brown volumetric flask, add ammonium acetate solution was diluted to the mark. Preparation A.4.2.5 erythrosine sample solution A.4.2.4 weighing and methods of operation with standard solution preparation. A.4.2.6 analysis step The standard erythrosine erythrosine solution and sample solution were placed in 10mm cuvettes, with the maximum absorption wavelength with a spectrophotometer The absorbance was measured by their value, with ammonium acetate solution as reference solution. A.4.2.7 Calculation Results Erythrosine mass fraction 1w its value is expressed in%, according to formula (A.2) Calculated. 1 wmA Amw × = (A.2) Where. A - absorbance values erythrosine sample solution; Quality value m0-- erythrosine standards, in units of grams (g); w0-- erythrosine standard (gravimetric method) mass fraction%; A0-- erythrosine standard absorbance values of the solution; Mass values m-- sample in grams (g). The results represent a decimal. The absolute difference between the parallel determination results is not more than 1.0% (mass fraction), the arithmetic mean value as a measurement result. A.5 Determination of loss on drying, chloride (based on NaCl) and sulfate (Na2S04 in dollars) of the total A.5.1 Determination of loss on drying A.5.1.1 analysis step Weigh about 2g sample (accurate to 0.001g), has been placed in drying to constant weight at 135 ℃ ± 2 ℃ weighing bottle, heated at 135 ℃ ± 2 ℃ Oven drying to constant weight. A.5.1.2 Calculation Results Loss on drying mass fraction 2w and its value is expressed in%, according to formula (A.3) Calculated. 2 × - = m mmw (A.3) Where. Numerical m2-- sample before drying mass in grams (g); m3-- sample dried to a constant value of mass in grams (g). The results represent a decimal. The absolute difference between the parallel determination results is not more than 0.2% (mass fraction), the arithmetic mean value as a measurement result. A.5.2 chloride (as NaCl) Determination A.5.2.1 Reagents and materials A.5.2.1.1 nitrobenzene. A.5.2.1.2 activated carbon; 767 needle. A.5.2.1.3 nitric acid solution. 11. A.5.2.1.4 silver nitrate solution. c (AgNO3) = 0.1mol/L. A.5.2.1.5 ammonium ferric sulfate solution Preparation method. Weigh about 14g of ammonium ferric sulfate, dissolved in 100mL of water, filter, add 10mL of nitric acid, stored in a brown bottle; A.5.2.1.6 ammonium thiocyanate standard titration solution. c (NH4CNS) = 0.1mol/L. A.5.2.2 preparation of the sample solution Weigh about 2g sample (accurate to 0.001g), was dissolved in 150mL of water, add about 15g of activated carbon, a moderate boil 2 min ~ 3min, added 1mL solution of nitric acid, constantly rocking evenly placed 30min (during shaking from time to time). Filtered through a dry filter paper. Such as colored filtrate is combined with 5g Activated carbon, occasionally shaking place 1h, then dried filter paper (such as color still replace the activated carbon Repeat until the filtrate colorless). Each time 10mL washed activated charcoal three times, combined filtrate move 200mL volumetric flask, add water to the mark. For chloride and sulfate content Determination. A.5.2.3 analysis step Pipette 50mL sample solution, placed in 500mL conical flask, add 2mL nitric acid solution and 10mL silver nitrate solution (chloride content for a long time To add more) and 5mL nitrobenzene, shake vigorously to condense silver chloride was added 1mL solution of ammonium ferric sulfate, ammonium thiocyanate standard titration solution Titrate the excess silver nitrate to the end and keep 1min, at the same time in the same way to make a blank test. A.5.2.4 Calculation Results Chloride (as NaCl) mass fraction 3w and its value is expressed in%, according to formula (A.4) Calculated. ) 200/50 ( ] 1000 /) [( 3 × - = m MVVcw (A.4) Where. c1 - accurate ammonium thiocyanate standard titration solution concentration value in units of moles per liter (mol/L); V1 - accurate value of consumption of titration blank solution of ammonium thiocyanate standard titration solution volume in milliliters (mL); V0 - accurate value of the sample solution was titrated with ammonium thiocyanate standard titration solution consumed volume in milliliters (mL); M1 - the value of the molar mass of sodium chloride, in units of grams per mole (g/mol) [M1 (NaCl) = 58.4]; Mass values m4-- sample in grams (g). The results represent a decimal. Parallel determination results of absolute difference is not more than 0.3% (mass fraction), the arithmetic mean value as a measurement result. A.5.3 Sulfate (Na2S04 meter) measurement A.5.3.1 Reagents and materials A.5.3.1.1 sodium hydroxide solution. 2g/L. A.5.3.1.2 hydrochloric acid solution. 11999. A.5.3.1.3 barium chloride standard titration solution. c (1/2BaCl2) = 0.l mol/L (preparation see Appendix B). A.5.3.1.4 phenolphthalein indicator solution. 10g/L. A.5.3.1.5 Rose sodium indicator solution. Weigh 0.lg red roses, sodium dissolved in 10mL of water (using now). A.5.3.2 analysis step Draw 25mL sample solution (A.5.2.2), placed in 250mL conical flask, add 1 drop of phenolphthalein indicator solution, a solution of sodium hydroxide solution was pink Red, then a solution of hydrochloric acid solution to the pink color disappeared, shake, shaking constantly dissolved barium chloride standard titration solution titration to Mei Rose red indicator solution of sodium for outward indicator solution, and the reaction liquid indicator solution on filter paper presents the intersection of rose red spots and kept 2min does not fade as end. At the same time in the same manner as a blank test. A.5.3.3 Calculation Results Sulfate (Na2SO4 meter) mass fraction 4w and its value is expressed in% according to formula (A.5) Calculated. ) 200/25 ( ) 2 /] (1000 /) [( 4 × - = m MVVcw (A.5) Where. c2 - accurate barium chloride standard titration solution concentration value in units of moles per liter (mol/L); The exact value of the sample solution V2-- titration consumption of barium chloride standard titration solution volume in milliliters (mL); Accurate value of V3-- titrate blank solution consumed barium chloride standard titration solution volume in milliliters (mL); M2 - the value of the molar mass of sodium sulfate, units of grams per mole (g/mol) [M2 (Na2SO4) = 142.04]; m4 - mass of the sample value in units of grams (g). The results represent a decimal. The absolute difference between the parallel determination results is not more than 0.2% (mass fraction), the arithmetic mean value as a measurement result. Results A.5.4 Loss on drying, chloride (based on NaCl) and sulfate (Na2SO4 in dollars) the total amount of calculation Total loss on drying and chloride (based on NaCl) and sulfate (Na2SO4 to count) to the mass fraction 5w and its value is expressed in%, according to public Formula (A.6) Calculated. 4325 wwww = (A.6) Where. 2w - drying loss mass fraction%; 3w - chloride (as NaCl) mass fraction%; 4w - Sulfate (Na2SO4 meter) mass fraction%. The results represent a decimal. A.6 Determination of insoluble matter A.6.1 Instruments and Equipment A.6.1.1 sand core glass crucible. G4, a pore size of 5μm ~ 15μm. A.6.1.2 oven thermostat. A.6.2 Analysis step Weigh about 3g sample (accurate to 0.001g), placed in 500mL beaker, add 50 ℃ ~ 60 ℃ hot water 250mL, dissolved with It has been baked at 135 ℃ ± 2 ℃ to constant weight of G4 sintered glass crucible filtration, and thoroughly washed with hot water to wash colorless liquid at 135 ℃ ± 2 ℃ constant Constant temperature oven to bake. A.6.3 Calculation Results Water insoluble mass fraction 6w and its value is expressed in%, according to formula (A.7) calculated as follows. 6 × = m mw (A.7) Where. m6 - Numerical dried water insoluble mass in grams (g); m5 - the value of the sample mass, in grams (g). The results represent two decimal. The absolute difference between parallel determination results is not more than 0.05% (mass fraction), the arithmetic mean value as a measurement result. Determination A.7 deputy dye A.7.1 Method summary The components are separated by paper chromatography, eluted and quantified by spectrophotometry. A.7.2 Reagents and materials A.7.2.1 ethanol. A.7.2.2 n-butanol. Acetone solution A.7.2.3. 1 1. A.7.2.4 ammonia solution. 496. A.7.2.5 sodium bicarbonate solution. 4g/L. A.7.3 Instruments and Equipment A.7.3.1 Spectrophotometer. A.7.3.2 chromatography filter paper. No. 1 in speed, 150mm × 250mm. A.7.3.3 chromatography tank. φ240mm × 300mm. A.7.3.4 micro injector. 100μL. A.7.3.5 Nessler colorimetric tube. 50mL glass grinding mouth stopper. A.7.3.6 glass frit funnel. G3, pore size of 15μm ~ 40μm. A.7.3.7 50mm cuvette. A.7.3.8 10mm cuvette. A.7.4 Analysis step A.7.4.1 paper chromatographic conditions A.7.4.1.1 developing solvent. n-butanol ethanol solution of aqueous ammonia = 623. A.7.4.1.2 Temperature. 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. A.7.4.2 preparation of the sample solution Weigh about 1g sample (accurate to 0.001g), placed in a beaker, adding the right amount of water dissolved and transferred to 100mL volumetric flask, dilute to Scale, shake up the concentration of the sample solution is 1%. A.7.4.3 wash out the sample preparation liquid With micro-injector draw 100μL sample solution evenly note on the bottom edge of the filter paper from a baseline of 25mm, a straight line, so that On filter paper width is not more than 5mm, length 130mm, with a hair dryer. The filter paper containing the agent of good preparation in advance Expand chromatography tank, filter paper dipped under the bottom edge of the agent level l0mm, to be solvent front line rose to 150mm or until the dye separation deputy Satisfied. Remove the filter paper chromatography, with cold dry. Blank filter paper under the same conditions to expand the blank paper and the above steps should be expanded with the adjacent portion of the filter paper on the same piece of filter paper cut take. Deputy dye paper chromatography is shown in Figure A.2. Baseline Vice-dye (2) Main dye Deputy dye (1) 130mm 150mm 250mm 25mm Figure A.2 deputy dye paper chromatography schematic The respective deputy dye expanded and made on a blank paper to each subsidiary colors corresponding parts of the paper in the same size cut, and cut Into thin strips about 5mm × 15mm, and were placed in 50mL of Nessler colorimetric tube, accurately added 5mL acetone, shaking 3min ~ 5min , Then sodium bicarbonate solution was accurately added to 20mL, shake well, and then were naturally filtered in a sintered glass funnel, the filtrate should be clarified, Without suspension. Add water to the mark. Respectively each subsidiary colors and blank eluate. In the respective maximum absorption wavelength of the dye deputy, with 50mm Cuvette, each deputy dye sample eluate respective measured absorbance values on a spectrophotometer. When the absorbance was measured on a spectrophotometer, with a mixture of sodium bicarbonate solution 5mL and 20mL acetone solution as reference solution. A.7.4.4 preparation of standard solution Draw a sample solution 2mL 1% moved into 100mL volumetric flask, dilute to the mark, shake, and the solution as the standard solution. A.7.4.5 Preparation of standard eluate With micro-injector to draw standard solution 100μL, uniform injection site on the bottom edge of the filter paper from a baseline of 25mm, with a hair dryer. The filter paper containing previously prepared well eluent chromatography tank to expand, to be solvent front line up 40mm, remove with cold dry, cut All dyes partially deployed, according to the method A.7.4.3 extraction operation to obtain eluate standards. 10mm cuvette with maximum suction Absorbance values measured at a wavelength of income. Meanwhile blank filter paper under the same conditions to start operating in the same manner after washing the absorbance value measured liquid. A.7.4.6 Calculation Results Mass fraction deputy dye to 7w and its value is expressed in%, according to formula (A.8) Calculated. () () [] S bA bAbAw SS nn × - - - = ) 2/100) (( LL (A.8) Where. A1An - each sub-dye eluate 50mm optical path length measured absorbance values; b1bn - each sub-dye control blank eluate 50mm optical path length measured absorbance values; As - Standard eluate 10mm path length measured absorbance values; bs - standard control blank eluate 10mm path length measured absorbance values; 5 - converted to 10mm in number than the optical path length; 100/2 - Standard eluate converted into a 1% solution of the sample number ratio; S - mass fraction% of the sample. The results represent a decimal. The absolute difference between the parallel determination results is not more than 0.2% (mass fraction), the arithmetic mean value as a measurement result. A.8 Determination of sodium iodide A.8.1 Method summary By potentiometric titration with standard silver nitrate content of the solution titrated sample titration of sodium iodide. A.8.2 Reagents and materials Standard silver nitrate titration solution. c (AgNO3) = 0.001mol/L. A.8.3 Instruments and Equipment A.8.3.1 digital millivolt meter. A.8.3.2 iodide ion selective electrode. A.8.3.3 reference electrode. A.8.3.4 magnetic stirrer. A.8.4 Preparation of sample solution Weigh about 4.0g sample (accurate to 0.0001 g), placed in a beaker, adding the exact amount of 100mL of water, stir with a magnetic stirrer Mix to dissolve, as the sample solution. A.8.5 Analysis step The iodide ion selective electrode in the sample solution and reference electrode inserted dissolved, and then adjust the millivolt millivolt meter readings in stir By using standard silver nitrate titration solution titration. At the start of the titration titration every 0.5mL, gradually added, and then observe the potential of each dropping Changes, and record potential readings, when close to the end, dropping down to each 0.1mL, the measured potential millivolt readings and the corresponding nitrate Silver titration volume plotted acid standard titration solution, the curve is the biggest jump titration end point, draw the corresponding standard silver nitrate titration solution The volume of fluid. A.8.6 Calculation Results 8w mass fraction of sodium iodide and its value is expressed in%, according to formula (A.9) Calculated. 0) 1000/( 8 × = m MVcw (A.9) Where. c2 - accurate standard silver nitrate titration solution concentration value in units of moles per liter (mol/L); V4 - Numerical titration sample consumed standard silver nitrate titration solution volume in milliliters (mL); M3 - numerical molar mass of sodium iodide in grams per mole (g/mol) [M3 (NaI) = 149.89]; m7 - the value of the sample mass, in grams (g). The results represent a decimal. A.9 Determination of Arsenic A.9.1 Method summary Erythrosine after wet digestion to prepare a sample solution, determination of arsenic by atomic absorption spectrometry. A.9.2 Reagents and materials A.9.2.1 nitrate. A.9.2.2 sulfuric acid solution. 11. A.9.2.3 nitric acid - perchloric acid mixed solution. 31. A.9.2.4 arsenic (As) standard solution. According to GB/T 602 formulation and calibration, and then diluted formulated as arsenic instrument according to the requirements of use Corresponding concentration three standard solution. A.9.2.5 sodium hydroxide solution. 1g/L. A.9.2.6 sodium borohydride. 8g/L (solvent 1g/L sodium hydroxide solution). A.9.2.7 hydrochloric acid solution. 110. A.9.2.8 potassium iodide solution.200g/L. A.9.3 Instruments and Equipment A.9.3.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer A.9.3.2 Instrument Reference conditions. arsenic hollow cathode lamp analytical line wavelength. 193.7nm; slit. 0.5 nm ~ 1.0nm; lamp current. 6 mA ~ 10 mA; A.9.3.3 carrier gas flow rate. Argon gas 250mL/min; A.9.3.4 atomizer temperature. 900 ℃. A.9.4 Analysis step A.9.4.1 sample digestion Weigh about 1g sample (accurate to 0.001g), placed in 250mL triangular or round-bottomed flask, add 10mL ~ 15mL of nitric acid and 2mL Sulfuric acid solution, after shaking out of the nitrogen dioxide gas is heated over low heat, solution turned brown, stop heating, add 5mL nitric acid to cool - Perchloric acid mixture, strong heat until the solution became clear or slightly yellow, is still not as transparent, add 5mL nitric acid supplemented After cooling - perchloric acid mixed solution, Heating was continued until the solution is clear and colorless or slightly yellow and white smoke (to avoid charring dry out phenomenon occurs), heating was stopped and allowed to cool water after adding 5mL Heated to boiling, remove residual nitric acid - perchloric acid (if necessary, can be combined with water to boil once), continue heating until white smoke, holding 10min, put After the cold transferred to 100mL volumetric flask (if the solution appears cloudy, precipitation or mechanical impurities to be filtered), diluted to volume with hydrochloric acid solution. At the same time, prepare a blank solution in the same manner. A.9.4.2 Determination Measure 25mL sample solution after digestion to 50mL volumetric flask, add 5mL potassium iodide solution with hydrochloric acid solution was diluted to volume, shake, Stand for 15min. At the same time in the same manner to prepare a blank solution blank test solution. Turn on the instrument, and the instrument is fully preheated arsenic hollow cathode lamp, a stable baseline, with a solution of sodium borohydride as hydride reducing agent occurs, In order standard blank, standard solution, sample solution and the blank test sample solution, according to computer instructions injections, respectively. After the test computer from...

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