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GB/T 19292.1-2018: Corrosion of metals and alloys -- Corrosivity of atmospheres -- Part 1: Classification, determination and estimation
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GB/T 19292.1-2018: Corrosion of metals and alloys -- Corrosivity of atmospheres -- Part 1: Classification, determination and estimation


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Corrosion of metals and alloys--Corrosivity of atmospheres--Part 1. Classification, determination and estimation ICS 77.060 H25 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 19292.1-2003 Corrosion of metals and alloys Part 1. Classification, determination and evaluation Part 1. Classification, determinationandestimation (ISO 9223.2012, Corrosionofmetalsandaloys-Corrosivityofatmospheres- Classification, determination andestimation, IDT) Published on.2018-05-14 Implementation of.2019-02-01 State market supervision and administration China National Standardization Administration issued

Foreword

GB/T 19292 "Corrosion of Atmospheric Corrosion of Metals and Alloys" has been or is planned to be released as follows. --- Part 1. Classification, determination and evaluation; --- Part 2. Guidance values for corrosion levels; --- Part 3. Measurement of environmental parameters affecting atmospheric corrosivity; --- Part 4. Determination of corrosion rate of standard samples for evaluation of corrosivity. This part is the first part of GB/T 19292. This part is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This part replaces GB/T 19292.1-2003 "Classification of Corrosive Atmospheric Corrosion of Metals and Alloys". And GB/T 19292.1- The main technical changes in.2003 are as follows. --- Based on the characteristics of specific marine and marine/industrial environments, a first-class CX is added on the basis of C1, C2, C3, C4, C5; --- Established the corrosion rate and pollutant concentration (sulphur dioxide deposition rate and chloride deposition rate) of carbon steel, zinc, copper and aluminum in the first year, Relative humidity and temperature as a function of temperature. Calculate the corrosion rate of the material in the first year based on environmental parameters, and accordingly Corrosive grading. This section uses the translation method equivalent to ISO 9223.2012 "Corrosion of metals and alloys, atmospheric corrosion classification, determination and Evaluation. The documents of our country that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents referenced in this part are as follows. GB/T 10123-2001 Basic terms and definitions for corrosion of metals and alloys (eqvISO 8044.1999); GB/T 19292.2-2018 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Part 2. Guide to corrosion grades (ISO 9224.2012, MOD); GB/T 24513.1-2009 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Part 2 Determination and evaluation (ISO 11844-1.2006, IDT); GB/T 24513.2-2010 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Part 2 Determination (ISO 11844-2.2005, IDT); GB/T 24513.3-2012 Corrosion of metals and alloys - Part 2 Determination of environmental parameters of eclipse (ISO 11844-3.2006, IDT). This section has made the following editorial changes. --- Modified the standard name. This part was proposed by the China Iron and Steel Association. This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC183). This section drafted by. Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Institute, Iron and Steel Research Institute Qingdao Ocean Corrosion Institute, Beijing University of Science and Technology. The main drafters of this section. Wang Zhenduo, Pan Chen, Hou Jie, Feng Chao, Liu Yuwei, Wang Chuan, Yang Zhaohui, Li Qian, Ding Guoqing, Li Xiaogang. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this section are. ---GB/T 19292.1-2003.

introduction

When the surfaces of metals, alloys, and metal coatings are wet, they are subject to atmospheric corrosion. The nature and rate of erosion depends on the table The nature of the surface to form an electrolyte depends, inter alia, on the type and amount of suspended contaminants in the atmosphere and on the time at which they act on the metal surface. Corrosion patterns and corrosion rates are a combination of corrosion systems (including metallic materials, atmospheric environments, process parameters, and operating conditions). result. Corrosion grade is a technical feature that is used in special applications, especially in relation to service life, in atmospheric environments. The choice of materials and protective measures provides the basis. Atmospheric corrosivity data is critical to the development and specification of the best corrosion protection measures for a product. Corrosion classification is determined according to the corrosion effect of the first year on the standard specimen specified in GB/T 19292.1. Corrosive classification can also be based on The most important atmospheric factors affecting the corrosion of metals and alloys are evaluated. GB/T 19292.3 specifies the measurement standards for relevant environmental parameters. Figure 1 lists the corrosive classification methods for determining and evaluating a given location and their interrelationships according to this standard. It is used to distinguish corrosion measurements Determination of corrosiveness is important. It distinguishes the corrosive assessment based on the application of the dose-response function and compares the typical atmosphere Corrosion assessments of the environment are equally important. This section does not consider the impact of product design and operating mode on corrosion resistance, as these factors are extremely special and cannot be used as usual. Treated. GB/T 20852 specifies the selection steps for the best corrosion protection measures in the atmospheric environment. Figure 1 Atmospheric Corrosion Classification Corrosion of metals and alloys Part 1. Classification, determination and evaluation

1 Scope

This part of GB/T 19292 establishes a classification system for the corrosiveness of the atmospheric environment. This section defines the corrosive classification of the atmospheric environment according to the corrosion rate of the first year of the standard sample; Annual corrosion weight loss gives a dose-response function for the normative assessment of corrosivity levels; corrosive based on local environmental conditions Level data assessment is possible. This section specifies the key factors for atmospheric corrosion of metals and alloys, including the combined effects of temperature and humidity, sulfur dioxide pollution and air. Salt pollution. Temperature is also considered to be an important factor in the corrosion of temperate climate zones. The combined effect of temperature and humidity can be assessed based on the wet time. Corrosion of other contaminants (including ozone, nitrides, particulate matter) can affect corrosivity and estimated annual corrosion weight loss, but these factors Not a decisive factor in the assessment of corrosion based on this section. This section does not apply to atmospheric corrosiveness in special environments, such as chemical or metallurgical industrial atmospheres. Corrosion grades and pollution levels can be directly used for technical and economic analysis of corrosion damage, as well as for the rational selection of corrosion protection measures.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article. Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document. ISO 8044 Corrosion basic terms and definitions for metals and alloys (Corrosionofmetalsandaloys-Basicterms Anddefinitions) ISO 9224 Corrosion of Corrosive Atmosphere for Metals and Alloys (Corrosionofmetalsand aloys-Corrosivityofatmospheres-Guidingvaluesforthecorrosivitycategories) Corrosion of metals and alloys - Determination of low-corrosion of indoor atmosphere - Part 1 Evaluation (Corrosionofmetalsandaloys-Classificationoflowcorrosivityofindooratmospheres-Part 1. Determinationandestimationofindoorcorrosivity) Corrosion of metals and alloys -- Determination of low-corrosion of indoor atmospheres - Part 2 (Corrosionofmetalsandaloys-Classificationoflowcorrosivityofindooratmospheres-Part 2. Determinationofcorrosionattackinindooratmospheres) Corrosion of metals and alloys - Indoor atmospheres - Part 2 Environmental parameter determination (Corrosionofmetalsandaloys-Classificationoflowcorrosivityofindooratmospheres- Part 3. Measurementofenvironmentalparametersaffectingindoorcorrosivity)

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms and definitions defined by ISO 8044 apply to this document. 3.1 Atmospheric corrosivityofatmosphere The ability of the atmosphere to cause corrosion in a given corrosion system. 3.2 Atmospheric corrosive classification categoryofcorrosivityofatmosphere An atmospheric corrosion assessment standard related to the corrosion effect of one year. 3.3 Atmospheric type ofofatmosphere Atmospheric environmental characteristics based on appropriate classification criteria rather than corrosive or additional operational factors, such as rural atmosphere, urban atmosphere, work Industry atmosphere, ocean atmosphere, chemical atmosphere, etc. 3.4 Temperature-humidity combination temperature-humiditycomplex The combined effects of temperature and relative humidity on atmospheric corrosivity. 3.5 Wet time timeofwetness The time at which the adsorbate and/or electrolyte liquid film that causes atmospheric corrosion covers the metal surface. 3.6 Pollution level polutionlevel Depending on the specific chemical active substance, corrosive gas or suspended particles other than normal air components (natural and artificial results) Ranking of quantitative measurements. 3.7 Location category categoryoflocation Habitually define typical exposure conditions for parts or structural parts, such as being exposed to air, under shading conditions, or under closed conditions. 3.8 Dose-response function dose-responsefunction Calculate the relationship between the calculated corrosion weight loss and the average value of the environmental parameters based on the field test results.

4 symbols and abbreviations

4.1 symbol The following symbols apply to this document. Rcorr. Corrosion rate in the first year of atmospheric exposure. T. air temperature. Pd. Sulfur dioxide deposition rate. Pc. sulfur dioxide concentration. Sd. chloride ion deposition rate. τ. wet time. 4.2 Abbreviations The following abbreviations apply to this document. C. Atmospheric corrosion grade. RH. Relative humidity.

5 Atmospheric corrosivity level

The atmospheric corrosion grade is divided into six levels, as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Atmospheric Corrosion Classification Grade corrosive C1 is very low C2 low C3 medium C4 high C5 is very high CX is extremely high

6 Atmospheric Corrosion Classification

Corrosion classification of atmospheric environment shall be carried out in accordance with Chapter 7. Corrosion determination shall be carried out in accordance with Chapter 8 when it is not possible to measure. Both corrosion evaluation methods are conventional methods with certain uncertainties and limitations. The level of corrosion determined by the first year of corrosion loss reflects the specific environmental conditions of the year of exposure. The level of corrosivity assessed by the dose-response function reflects the statistical uncertainty of a given function. Corrosion levels based on data-based assessments compared to local environmental conditions and typical atmospheric conditions may cause bias. Use this method when experimental data is not available. Appendix A gives the uncertainty associated with atmospheric corrosion grade determination and normative assessment. A detailed classification of low corrosive indoor atmospheres is specified in ISO 11844-1, ISO 11844-2 and ISO 11844-3, including in this section. Corrosive grades C1 and C2.

7 Corrosive classification based on corrosion rate measurements of standard specimens

The corrosion rate values for the first year of standard metals (carbon steel, zinc, copper, aluminum) corresponding to each corrosive grade are shown in Table 2. One-year exposure test The test begins in spring or autumn. In climates with significant seasonal differences, it is recommended to start the test in the most corrosive period. Can not Simply estimate the long-term corrosion behavior using the first year corrosion rate extrapolation. Specific calculation model, guiding corrosion values and long-term See ISO 9224 for additional information on corrosion behavior. Table 2 Corrosion rate of the first year of standard metal exposure for different corrosivity grades rcorr Corrosive grade Metal corrosion rate rcorr Unit carbon steel zinc, copper and aluminum C1 g/(m2·a) Mm/a Rcorr≤10 Rcorr≤1.3 Rcorr≤0.7 Rcorr≤0.1 Rcorr≤0.9 Rcorr≤0.1 ignore C2 g/(m2·a) Mm/a 10 \u003crcorr≤200 1.3 \u003crcorr≤25 0.7 \u003crcorr≤5 0.1 \u003crcorr≤0.7 0.9 \u003crcorr≤5 0.1 \u003crcorr≤0.6 Rcorr≤0.6 Table 2 (continued) Corrosive grade Metal corrosion rate rcorr Unit carbon steel zinc, copper and aluminum C3 g/(m2·a) Mm/a 200 \u003crcorr≤400 25 \u003crcorr≤50 5 \u003crcorr≤15 0.7 \u003crcorr≤2.1 5 \u003crcorr≤12 0.6 \u003crcorr≤1.3 0.6 \u003crcorr≤2 C4 g/(m2·a) Mm/a 400 \u003crcorr≤650 50 \u003crcorr≤80 15 \u003crcorr≤30 2.1 \u003crcorr≤4.2 12 \u003crcorr≤25 1.3 \u003crcorr≤2.8 2 \u003crcorr≤5 C5 g/(m2·a) Mm/a 650 \u003crcorr≤1500 80 \u003crcorr≤200 30 \u003crcorr≤60 4.2 \u003crcorr≤8.4 25 \u003crcorr≤50 2.8 \u003crcorr≤5.6 5 \u003crcorr≤10 CX g/(m2·a) Mm/a 1500 \u003crcorr≤5500 200 \u003crcorr≤700 60 \u003crcorr≤180 8.4 \u003crcorr≤25 50 \u003crcorr≤90 5.6 \u003crcorr≤10 Rcorr >10 NOTE 1 The classification criteria are based on the determination of the corrosion rate of standard specimens for corrosive evaluation (see ISO 9226). Note 2. The corrosion rate expressed in grams per square meter is converted to micrometers per year and rounded off. Note 3. Standard metal material characterization can be found in ISO 9226. Note 4. Aluminum is subject to uneven corrosion and localized corrosion. The corrosion rates listed in the table are calculated as uniform corrosion. Maximum pitting depth and pitting pit Quantity is the best indicator of potential disruption, depending on the final application. Inhomogeneous corrosion due to passivation and progressively lower corrosion rates And localized corrosion cannot be used for evaluation after the first year of exposure. Note 5. The corrosion rate exceeds the upper limit of the C5 level is an extreme case. Corrosion grade CX refers to specific marine and marine industrial environments (see Appendix C).

8 Corrosion assessment based on environmental information

8.1 General requirements for corrosion assessment If the corrosion level cannot be determined according to the standard sample exposure, the resulting corrosion loss can be calculated according to environmental data or according to the environment. Corrosion assessment of conditions and exposure conditions. 8.2 Normative Corrosion Assessment Based on Calculated Corrosion Loss in the First Year The dose-response functions of the following four standard metals describe the corrosion damage associated with dry deposition of sulfur dioxide, chloride after the first year of outdoor exposure Changes in dry deposition, temperature and relative humidity. These functions are based on the results of on-site exposure to corrosion worldwide and cover this section. The climatic conditions and pollution conditions within the scope. See Appendix A for some limitations and uncertainties. Dose-response function for calculating the first year corrosion loss of structural metals. Carbon steel selection formula (1). Rcorr=1.77·P0.52d ·exp(0.020·RH fSt) 0.102·S0.62d ·exp(0.033·RH 0.040·T) (1) among them. Rcorr---the first year corrosion rate of metal, in micron per year (μm/a); T --- annual average temperature in degrees Celsius (°C); RH---annual average relative humidity, %; Pd --- annual average SO2 deposition rate in milligrams per square centimeter [mg/(cm2·d)]; Sd --- annual average Cl-deposition rate in milligrams per square centimeter of day [mg/(cm 2 · d)]; fSt---carbon steel correlation coefficient. fSt=0.150·(T-10) when T≤10°C; otherwise, -0.054·(T-10) N=128, R2=0.85 Zinc selection formula (2). Rcorr=0.0129·P0.44d ·exp(0.046·RH fZn) 0.0175·S0.57d ·exp(0.008·RH 0.085·T) (2) among them. Rcorr---the first year corrosion rate of metal, in micron per year (μm/a); T --- annual average temperature in degrees Celsius (°C); RH---annual average relative humidity, %; Pd --- annual average SO2 deposition rate in milligrams per square centimeter [mg/(cm2·d)]; Sd --- annual average Cl-deposition rate in milligrams per square centimeter of day [mg/(cm 2 · d)]; fZn---Zinc correlation coefficient. fZn=0.038·(T-10) when T≤10°C; otherwise, -0.071·(T-10) N=114, R2=0.78 Copper selection (3). Rcorr=0.0053·P0.26d ·exp(0.059·RH fCu) 0.01025·S0.27d ·exp(0.036·RH 0.049·T) (3) among them. Rcorr---the first year corrosion rate of metal, in micron per year (μm/a); T --- annual average temperature in degrees Celsius (°C); RH---annual average relative humidity, %; Pd --- annual average SO2 deposition rate in milligrams per square centimeter [mg/(cm2·d)]; Sd --- annual average Cl-deposition rate in milligrams per square centimeter of day [mg/(cm 2 · d)]; fCu---copper correlation coefficient. fCu=0.126·(T-10) when T≤10°C; otherwise, -0.080·(T-10) N=121, R2=0.88 Aluminum selection (4). Rcorr=0.0042·P0.73d ·exp(0.025·RH fAl) 0.0018·S0.60d ·exp(0.020·RH 0.094·T) (4) among them. Rcorr---the first year corrosion rate of metal, in micron per year (μm/a); T --- annual average temperature in degrees Celsius (°C); RH---annual average relative humidity, %; Pd --- annual average SO2 deposition rate in milligrams per square centimeter [mg/(cm2·d)]; Sd --- annual average Cl-deposition rate in milligrams per square centimeter of day [mg/(cm 2 · d)]; fAl--- aluminum correlation coefficient. fAl=0.009·(T-10) when T≤10°C; otherwise, -0.043·(T-10) N=113, R2=0.65 The detailed information of the environmental parameters is shown in Table 3. Table 3 also shows the measurement interval of the parameters. If 0.8Pc is used instead of dose-response function Pd, then as explained in the note to Table 3, Pc should be the annual average. Table 3 Parameters used to derive the dose-response function, including symbols, descriptions, intervals, and units Symbol description interval unit T temperature -17.1~28.7 °C RH relative humidity 34~93 % Pd SO2 deposition rate 0.7~150.4 mg/(cm2·d) Sd Cl-deposition rate 0.4~760.5 mg/(cm2·d) The sulfur dioxide (SO2) value determined according to the precipitation method (Pd) and the volumetric method (Pc) is equivalent for this part. The relationship between the two measurement methods is close It is expressed as Pd=0.8Pc [Pd is expressed in mg/(cm2·d), and Pc is used in μg/cm3]. Note. All parameters are expressed as an annual average. Care should be taken when the extrapolation equation is outside the range of environmental parameters (such as the coastal environment). 8.3 Informational Corrosion Assessment Based on Exposure Conditions Atmospheric environmental corrosivity increases under the influence of temperature-humidity combined with wet weather and other corrosive substances. Appendix B gives the typical atmospheric pollution levels. Exposure conditions (location grade) of materials, parts or structural parts affect the environmental effects. See Appendix C for a typical environmental qualitative description of atmospheric corrosivity ratings for informative corrosivity assessments.

Appendix A

(informative appendix) Source of uncertainty regarding atmospheric corrosivity determination and assessment A.1 General requirements The corrosiveness of the atmospheric environment should be based on the corrosion grade determined by the exposure of the sample or the rot determined according to the environmental parameters and the dose-response equation. Corrosion grades are classified. The use of these two different levels of corrosivity assessment means that assays (low uncertainty) and assessments occur Method (high uncertainty) Two different levels of uncertainty. This appendix is used to determine the uncertainty of these two levels. The detailed information listed in this appendix is based on an independent statistical analysis related to the evaluation of the dose-response function derivation. A.2 Error distribution The corrosion rate appears as a lognormal distribution, such as a lognormal distribution. If the uncertainty is in the standard deviation of the logarithm S table Show, then Δln(rcorr)=±s (A.1) among them. Rcorr---the first year corrosion rate of metal, in micron per year (μm/a); s --- standard deviation. This indicates that the uncertainty interval is usually asymmetrical and can be expressed as rcorr·e±s. When s is small, the interval is roughly symmetrical. The following examples can be used. When s = 0.7, then es = 2, es = 1/2, which corresponds to an interval from -50% to 100%. phase Conversely, when s = 0.01, then es = 1.01, es = 0.99, which corresponds to an interval from -1% to 1%. A.3 Uncertainty level Table A.1 gives the evaluation level of uncertainty. From the table, there is a huge difference between the two methods, which drives two different parties. The development of law. A.4 gives the possible sources of error and explains the error given in Table A.1. Table A.1 Uncertainty in assessment of corrosion grade based on assay (sample exposure) and evaluation method (dose-response function) metal uncertainty Assay method Carbon steel ±2% -33%~ 50% Zinc ±5% -33%~ 50% Copper ± 2% -33% ~ 50% Aluminum ±5% -50%~ 100% A.4 Source of uncertainty For corrosive grades determined from exposure to the specimen, the first thing to clarify is that the values given in Table A.1 represent three independent values. Calculate the average value instead of a single corrosion value. The level of uncertainty given in Table A.1, including the method of determination and evaluation, is based on the material at different test sites and the same exposure cycle. Exposure results. Therefore, these values are universal, but the corrosion damage changes with the natural environment and climate change each year. These changes are not It is included in the values given in Table A.1. For the level of corrosivity evaluated according to the dose-response function, the total uncertainty consists of two parts, the uncertainty of the dose-response function. Uncertainty in the measurement of degrees and environmental parameters. Among them, the uncertainty of the dose-response function dominates. At the same time, the values given in Table A.1 It is based on the average uncertainty of the range of parameters covered in the function. For all regression functions, the uncertainty is lowest in the middle range, right It should be at the corrosive grade C3; it is higher in the upper and lower limits, corresponding to the corrosive grades C1 and C5. Corrosion grade CX uncertainty The highest degree and cannot be calculated in this way.

Appendix B

(informative appendix) Atmospheric characteristics related to atmospheric corrosivity For the data corrosivity assessment method, it is necessary to make the parameter selection simple and easy for the user to master. In this section, metal and The key factors for atmospheric corrosion of alloys are the combined effects of temperature and humidity, as well as the levels of sulfur dioxide and chloride contamination. For unshielded locations, the effects of corrosion are in terms of dry settling and wet settling. Wet settling includes the transfer of rainwater, while dry settling refers to Transmission of other processes. For a sheltered location, only dry settling occurs. The cumulative effect of contaminants (including particulate matter) should be considered. ISO 11844-1, Specific problems of atmospheric corrosivity in low-erosion indoor environments are described in ISO 11844-2 and ISO 11844-3. Surface moisture is caused by many factors such as dew, rain, snowmelt and high humidity. Use a temperature greater than 0 ° C and a relative humidity greater than 80% Time to estimate the wet time τ about the surface. In extremely cold regions, humidity times above 0 ° C and relative humidity above 80% are low Estimated (lower freezing point). Information on the calculation of wet time contributes to the assessment of data atmospheric corrosivity. The wet time under different exposure conditions is shown in Table B.1. Under the combined effect of specific temperature and humidity, the most important factor affecting atmospheric corrosion is the pollution caused by sulfur dioxide or salt in the air. dye. The level of contamination should be measured in accordance with ISO 9225. Other types of contaminants (oxygen nitride NOx, HNO3 and industrial dust in densely populated industrial areas) or in microenvironment Bodywork and technical contaminants (Cl2, H2S, organic acids and ice melting salts) may also play a role. These types of contaminants are not used Classification criteria. According to this section, other types of pollutants should be used as associated pollutants (such as nitrogen NOx in urban atmosphere) or in specific operations. Contaminants (such as acid mist in the microenvironment). The concentrations of the most important pollutants in different atmospheric environments are shown in Table B.2. In many parts of the world, the concentration of sulfur dioxide is gradually decreasing, and the increase in traffic volume leads to a gradual increase in the concentration of nitrogen oxides. Oxygen and particulate matter together create a new, polluted environment. In other parts of the world, due to rapid industrial development, pollutants of sulfur dioxide Corrosion is exacerbated and still dominates. The atmospheric pollutants considered in this section from the perspective of corrosive classification are divided into two categories. pollution caused by sulfur dioxide and salt in the air. Both types of pollutants are representative in rural, urban, industrial, and marine atmospheres. For standard outdoor atmospheres, sulfur dioxide is caused The pollution classification is shown in Table B.3. The salt characteristics of each type of atmosphere are classified in Table B.4. It is important to consider the importance of chloride accumulation on the surface that has not been washed away by rain. Sex, especially in wet locations. Table B.1 Wet time under different exposure conditions Wet time/(h/a) level example Τ≤10 τ1 air-conditioned internal microclimate 10< τ≤250 τ2 Air-conditioned internal microclimate, except for air-conditioned interi... ......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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