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GB 4785-2019: Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid GB 4785: Historical versions
GB 4785-2019: Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GB4785-2019 NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 43.040.20 T 38 Replacing GB 4785-2007 Prescription for installation of the external lighting and light-signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers Issued on: DECEMBER 17, 2019 Implemented on: JULY 01, 2020 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC. Table of ContentsForeword... 4 1 Scope... 6 2 Normative references... 6 3 Terms and definitions... 7 4 General requirements... 20 5 Special regulations... 34 6 Inspection rules... 95 7 Date of implementation... 96 Appendix A (Normative) Various loading conditions for determining changes of passing beam in the vertical direction... 98 Appendix B (Informative) Examples of lamp’s surfaces, reference axis, and centre of reference, angles of geometric visibility... 101 Appendix C (Normative) Front view red light invisibility and rear view white light invisibility... 113 Appendix D (Normative) Measurement of the change of the inclination of passing beam with load... 114 Appendix E (Normative) Road tests... 120 Appendix F (Normative) Indication for adjustment of vertical downward inclination of headlamp passing-beam and front fog lamp cut-off line... 123 Appendix G (Normative) Control of headlamp dimming device... 124 Appendix H (Normative) Automatic switch of the headlamp passing-beam. 126 Appendix I (Normative) Observation area for apparent surface of manoeuvring lamp... 127 Bibliography... 1281 ScopeThis Standard specifies the general requirements, special regulations, and inspection rules, etc. for the installation of the external lighting and light- signalling devices for motor vehicles and their trailers. This Standard applies to type M, N, and O motor vehicles and trailers, etc.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For the dated references, only the editions with the dates indicated are applicable to this document. For the undated references, the latest edition (including all the amendments) are applicable to this document. GB/T 3977 Specification of colors GB 4094 Motor vehicles - Symbols for controls, indicators and tell-tales GB 4599 Motor vehicle headlamps equipped with filament lamps GB 4660 Motor vehicle front fog lamps equipped with filament lamps GB 5920 Photometric characteristics of front and rear position lamps, end- outline marker lamps and stop lamps for motor vehicles and their trailers GB 11554 Photometric characteristics of rear fog lamp for power-driven vehicles and their trailers GB 11564 Retro-reflector device for motor vehicles GB 12676 Technical requirements and testing methods for commercial vehicle and trailer braking systems GB 15235 Photometric characteristics of reversing lamps for power-driven vehicles3 Terms and definitionsThe following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 Type test Carry out a type test on the number and method of installation of external lighting and light-signalling devices for a certain vehicle type. 3.2 Vehicle type with regard to the installation of lighting and light- signalling devices Vehicles that do not differ in the following are considered to be the same vehicle type. - Vehicle shape and dimensions; - The number and position of installation of the devices; - Headlamp dimming device; - Suspension system. Where it can be regarded as the same type. For some vehicles, there are differences from the above, but the differences do not change the type, number, location, geometric visibility, and inclination of the passing beam of the installed vehicle lamps and the installation of optional lamps or not. 3.3 Transverse plane The vertical plane orthogonal to the longitudinal symmetry plane of vehicle. 3.4 Unladen vehicle The vehicle without drivers, attendants, passengers, and loads, but with sufficient fuel, spare tires, and common tools. 3.5 Laden vehicle The vehicle of the maximum mass technically permitted by the loading manufacturer, with its loading conditions distributed on the axles. Note. See Appendix A for various loading conditions. 3.6 Lighting and light-signalling device A unit, group of units, or installation unit for one or more functions.4 General requirements4.1 Lighting and light-signalling devices shall ensure that, under normal condition of use of a vehicle as defined in 3.26, even if subjected to vibration, they shall still meet the requirements of this Standard for each device and the entire vehicle. Do not adjust the device incorrectly due to improper operation. In particular, the lamp must not be loose and out of alignment. 4.2 The installation of passing-beam headlamp, main-beam headlamp, and front fog lamp shall facilitate the correct adjustment of their sights. 4.3 When installing all light-signalling devices (including light-signalling devices installed on the side of the vehicle), the reference axis shall be parallel to the parking surface of the vehicle on the road. In addition, for the side retro-reflector and the side marker lamp, the reference axis shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle; the reference axis of all other light- signalling devices shall be parallel to it. The tolerance in each direction is ±3°. If the manufacturer has special installation instructions, they shall also be followed. 4.4 If there is no special instruction, when inspecting the installation height and direction of the lamps, the vehicle under test shall be unladen and placed on a level ground. The vehicle shall be in the state defined in 3.26.AFS shall be in a neutral state. 4.5 The installation requirements for paired lamps shall meet the following. 4.6 For vehicles with asymmetrical shapes, the requirements of 4.5 shall also be met as far as possible. 4.7 A single lamp, grouped lamps, combined lamps, and reciprocally incorporated lamps shall meet the following requirements. a) The lamps, in accordance with their respective light colors, installation positions, orientations, geometric visibility, circuit connections, and other requirements, can be grouped, combined, or incorporated with each other. It shall meet the following requirements. 4.8 The maximum ground clearance shall be measured from the highest point of the apparent surface in the direction of reference axis. The minimum ground clearance shall be measured from the lowest point of the apparent surface in the direction of reference axis. (If the installation position clearly meets the requirements of this Standard, it is not necessary to determine the precise edge of any surface.) Except for the following cases. 4.9 Without special instructions, during the operation of lamp, its optical characteristics (such as. light intensity, color, apparent surface, etc.) must not be changed at will. Except in the following cases. 4.10 For the lamps defined in 3.9, no red light shall be observed from the front of the vehicle; no white light shall be observed from the rear of the vehicle (except for vehicle interior lamps). If there is any objection, it shall be inspected according to the following methods. 4.11 The circuit connection shall ensure that the front position lamp, rear position lamp, end-outline marker lamp (if installed), side marker lamp (if installed), rear-registration plate illuminating device, and marker lamp for draw- bar-trailer can only be turned on or off at the same time. Except in the following cases. 4.12 The circuit connection shall ensure that the main-beam headlamp, passing-beam headlamp, and front fog lamp can only be turned on when the lamps in 4.11 above are turned on. However, when the main-beam headlamp and passing-beam headlamp are used as warning signals, the above situation does not apply (i.e., the main-beam headlamp or passing-beam headlamp is turned on intermittently, or the main-beam headlamp and passing-beam headlamp are turned on alternately intermittently). When the following requirements are met, the passing-beam headlamp and/or main-beam headlamp and/or front fog lamp can replace the functions of the front position lamp. 4.13 The "closed-circuit" tell-tale in this Standard may be replaced by an "operating" tell-tale. 4.14 For concealable lamps, the following requirements shall be met. 4.16 The number of lamps installed on the vehicle shall meet the corresponding requirements in Clause 5 Special regulations. 4.17 The illuminating surface of a light-signalling device other than a retro- reflector is determined as follows. 4.18 For rear position lamps, rear direction-indicator lamps, triangular/non- triangular rear retro-reflectors mounted on movable components, the following requirements shall be met. 4.19 When the moving component is not in the "normal position of use of a movable component", the installation of the device shall not cause excessive discomfort to other road users. 4.20 When the lamp is installed on a moving component and the moving component is in the "normal position of use of a movable component", according to the requirements of this Standard, the lamp shall always be able to return to the position specified by the manufacturer. For passing-beam headlamps and front fog lamps, if the moving component is removed from the normal position of use and returns 10 times, and the deviation between the each-time measured tilt angle with respect to its support and the average of the 10 times is not greater than 0.15%, then the above requirement is met. If the result exceeds this limit, when the vehicle is inspected in accordance with Appendix D, the allowable range specified in 5.2.6.1.1 shall be adjusted and the excess subtracted, to reduce the allowable range of the slope. 4.21 When viewed from the direction of reference axis, any movable component (whether or not equipped with a light-signalling device), in all fixed positions, covers the front and rear position lamps, front and rear direction-indicator lamps, and front and rear retro-reflectors at no more than 50% of their apparent surfaces. If the above conditions cannot be met, the following requirements shall be met. 4.22 With the exception of retro-reflectors, all lamps (including those that have passed type test), after being fitted with a light source or/and a fuse, are not considered if they cannot be lit. 4.23 For lamps which use replaceable filament light sources in accordance with GB 15766.1 and ECE R37 (except for non-replaceable light sources as defined in 3.7.2), their installation on vehicles shall ensure that the light source can be replaced without dedicated tools or special tools, unless these tools are already equipped on the vehicle and the manufacturer shall provide detailed instructions on how to replace them. For the light source module, if it has a lamp holder that is the same as the replaceable light source lamp holder in GB 15766.1 and ECE R37, it shall also comply with this regulation. 4.24 When the rear position lamp has a temporary failure, it is allowed to use a lamp with similar light color, central luminous intensity, and position instead; and, the replacement lamp maintains the original function. During this period, the operating tell-tale (see 3.20) on the panel shall indicate that a temporary replacement has occurred and overhaul is required. 4.25 If AFS is installed, it is equivalent to a pair of passing-beam headlamps and a pair of main-beam headlamps (if equipped). 4.26 Rear direction-indicator lamps, rear position lamps, stop lamps (except S4 stop lamps), and rear fog lamps allow variable intensity. The above-mentioned variable intensity control can simultaneously react to at least one of the following external influences. ambient lighting, fog, snowfall, rainfall, spray, sand-dust, and light emitting surface pollution. It shall also ensure that its intensity relationship remains unchanged during the transition period. During the transition, there shall be no noticeable strong changes. S4 stop lamps can produce intensity changes independently of other lamps. It is allowed to be equipped with a manual operation function, allowing the driver to adjust the intensity of the above lamp to its stable intensity state, and also restore it to an automatically variable state. 4.27 For type M and N vehicles, the applicant shall prove to the testing agency that when the vehicle electrical system is operating at a stable voltage corresponding to the category of motor vehicle, the power supply of the main- beam headlamp, passing-beam headlamp, stop lamp, front position lamp, and rear position lamp devices meets the following requirements. a) When the terminal voltage of the power supply device meets the conditions described in the functional type test above (If a special power supply device, light source electronic control device are contained or it is at the secondary operation mode, there are special requirements for voltage), the voltage shall not exceed the voltage range specified in the type test description file. b) For power supply conditions not covered in 4.27 a), the terminal stable voltage of the device or function must not exceed more than 5% of 6.75 V (6 V system), 13.5 V (12 V system), or 28.0 V (24 V system). It is allowed that the device itself has a terminal maximum voltage control function. c) For lamps with a light source control or variable intensity control, the provisions of 4.27 a) and 4.27 b) above are not applicable. d) In the type test materials, documents shall be provided to demonstrate methods and results used by compliance. 4.28 The geometric visibility of lamps is generally required in the following manner. a) When viewed from a distance, within the range of geometric visibility, there shall be no obstacles that hinder the propagation of the light rays emitted from the apparent surface. If obstacles already exist in the previous type test of lamps, these obstacles within the geometric visibility may be ignored. b) If measured near the lamp, move in parallel along the observation direction to get the same accuracy. c) If the apparent surface of the lamp is partially covered by vehicle components when mounting the lamp, proof shall be provided to show that the unshaded part of the lamp still meets the photometric value required for type test. d) For lamps with an installation height of less than 750 mm from the ground [For measurement method, refer to 4.8 a)], the downward geometric visibility can be reduced to 5°. Its corresponding photometric measurement range can also be reduced to 5°. e) For an interdependent lamp system, the geometric visibility shall be measured when all the interdependent lamps are turned on. 4.29 The area of the light emitting surface of all rear position lamps, rear direction-indicator lamps, and stop lamps of trucks, special operation vehicles, and trailers with a total mass of not less than 4500 kg shall be not less than the area of a circle of 80 mm diameter. If the light emitting surface is not circular, its shape shall be able to accommodate a circle of 40 mm diameter. 4.30 The LED module is non-replaceable. 4.31 When the vehicle is stationary and one or more of the following conditions are met, external lighting and light-signalling devices not defined in this Standard may be turned on; but the effectiveness of external lighting and light- signalling devices defined in this Standard must not be jeopardized.5 Special regulations5.1 Main-beam headlamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB 4599 other than class A, GB 21259, GB 25991) 5.2 Passing-beam headlamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB 4599 other than class A, GB 21259, GB 25991) 5.3 Front fog lamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB 4660) 5.4 Reversing lamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB 15235) 5.5 Direction-indicator lamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB 17509) 5.5.1 Equipping It shall be equipped, as shown in Figure 2 a). The direction-indicator lamps can be divided into the following categories (1, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 5, and 6). Layout A and Layout B can be formed by installation on the vehicle. 5.6 Hazard warning signal 5.6.1 Equipping It shall be equipped. Hazard warning signals shall be sent by the simultaneous operation of the direction-indicator lamp in accordance with 5.5. 5.6.2 Number According to 5.5.2. 5.6.3 Layout According to 5.5.3. 5.6.4 Installation position 5.6.4.1 Horizontal. according to 5.5.4.1. 5.6.4.2 Height. according to 5.5.4.2. 5.6.4.3 Vertical. according to 5.5.4.3. 5.6.5 Geometric visibility According to 5.5.5. 5.6.6 Direction According to 5.5.6. 5.6.7 Circuit connection 5.6.7.1 Hazard warning signals shall flash simultaneously by turning on each direction-indicator lamp by separately-configured manual switches. 5.6.7.2 After a vehicle collision or the emergency stop signal specified in 5.23 is turned off, the hazard warning signal is allowed to turn on automatically. In this case, it shall be possible to turn off the signal manually. In addition, hazard warning signals are allowed to turn on automatically to indicate possible hazards to other road users. At this time, the signal shall remain on until it is turned off manually or automatically. 5.6.7.3 For M1 and N1 vehicles with a length of less than 6 m, the layout conforms to 5.5.5.2.If an amber side marker lamp is installed, the lamp shall also flash in phase at the same frequency as the direction-indicator lamp. 5.7 Stop lamp (lamp which meets the requirements of GB 5920) 5.7.2 Number 5.7.2.1 For various types of vehicles, two S1 or S2 stop lamps and one S3 or S4 stop lamp. 5.7.2.2 Except where S3 or S4 stop lamps are installed, M2, M3, N2, N3, O2, O3, and O4 vehicles can be equipped with two optional S1 or S2 stop lamps. 5.7.2.3 When the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle is not located on a fixed body panel but on a movable component, one or two movable components (such as doors) which separate the vehicle, and there is not enough space installing a S3 or S4 stop lamp on the moving components on the longitudinal symmetry plane, then two S3 or S4 stop lamps marked “D” can be installed. Or at a position that deviates left and right from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle, install a S3 or S4 stop lamp. Or, install an interdependent lamp system of S3 or S4 stop lamps. 5.7.3 Layout There are no special requirements. 5.7.4 Installation position 5.7.4.1 Horizontal For M1 and N1 vehicles. For S1 or S2 stop lamps, the distance from the point on the apparent surface in the direction of reference axis farthest from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle to the extreme outer edge of the vehicle shall not be greater than 400 mm. There are no special requirements for the distance between the respective inner edges of the apparent surface in the direction of the reference axis. For all other vehicles. - Category S1 or S2 stop lamps. The distance between the inner edges of the apparent surface in the direction of reference axis shall not be less than 600 mm. If the overall width is less than 1300 mm, it can be reduced to 400 mm. - Category S3 or S4 stop lamps. The centre of reference shall be located on the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle. However, in the case of installing two S3 or S4 stop lamps according to 5.7.2, it is required that the two lamps are as close to the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle as possible and are located on both sides of the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle respectively. - In the case of installing one S3 or S4 stop lamp according to 5.7.2 and deviating from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle, the centre of reference of the lamp must not deviate more than 150 mm from the longitudinal symmetry plane of the vehicle. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. 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