GB/T 150.4-2024 PDF English
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| GB/T 150.4-2024 | English | 795 |
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Pressure vessels - Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance
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| GB 150.4-2011 | English | 145 |
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[Replaced by GB/T 150.4-2024] Pressure Vessels -- Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance
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GB/T 150.4-2024: Pressure vessels - Part 4: Fabrication, inspection and testing, and acceptance---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT150.4-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 23.020.30
CCS J 74
Replacing GB/T 150.4-2011
Pressure vessels - Part 4.Fabrication, inspection and testing,
and acceptance
Issued on. JULY 24, 2024
Implemented on. FEBRUARY 01, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
National Standardization Administration.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 11
1 Scope... 13
2 Normative references... 13
3 Terms and definitions... 15
4 General... 19
5 Material re-inspection, segmentation, mark transplantation... 23
6 Cold and hot forming and assembly... 25
7 Welding... 35
8 Heat treatment... 45
9 Test pieces and specimens... 55
10 Nondestructive testing... 60
11 Pressure test and leakage test... 67
12 Hot gas circulation test... 71
13 Exit-factory requirements for pressure vessels... 73
Appendix A (Normative) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection,
acceptance of forged and welded pressure vessels... 76
Appendix B (Normative) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection,
acceptance of shrink fit pressure vessels... 80
Appendix C (Normative) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection,
acceptance of wrapped pressure vessels... 83
Appendix D (Normative) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection,
acceptance of steel ribbon wound pressure vessels... 94
Appendix E (Normative) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection,
acceptance of pressure vessels based on the design to prevent low-temperature brittle
fracture... 97
Pressure vessels - Part 4.Fabrication, inspection and testing,
and acceptance
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of
steel pressure vessels.
This document applies to the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of non-alloy steel, low
alloy steel or high alloy steel base layers in steel pressure vessels, composite plate
pressure vessels, lined pressure vessels, pressure vessels with cladding layers.
This document applies to single-layer welded (including pipe-made cylinder) pressure
vessels, forged welded pressure vessels, shrink fit pressure vessels, multi-layer wrapped
(including multi-layer cylinder segment wrapped, multi-layer integral wrapped)
pressure vessels, steel ribbon wound pressure vessels.
2 Normative references
The contents of the following documents constitute essential clauses of this document
through normative references in the text. Among them, for dated references, only the
version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the
latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document.
GB/T 150.1 Pressure vessels - Part 1.General requirements
GB/T 150.2-2024 Pressure vessels - Part 2.Materials
GB/T 150.3-2024 Pressure vessels - Part 3.Design
GB/T 151 Heat exchangers
GB/T 196 General purpose metric screw threads - Basic dimensions
GB/T 197 General purpose metric screw threads - Tolerances
GB/T 228.1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1.Method of test at room
temperature
GB/T 228.2 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2.Method of test at elevated
temperature
NB/T 11025 Reinforcement
NB/T 11270 Titanium pressure vessel
NB/T 47002 (all parts) Clad plate for pressure vessel
NB/T 47008 Carbon and alloy steel forgings for pressure equipment
NB/T 47009 Alloy steel forgings for low temperature pressure equipment
NB/T 47011 Zirconium pressure vessel
NB/T 47013 (all parts) Nondestructive testing of pressure equipments
NB/T 47014 Welding procedure qualification for pressure equipments
NB/T 47015 Welding specification for pressure vessels
NB/T 47016 Mechanical property tests of product welded test coupons for pressure
equipments
NB/T 47018 (all parts) Ordering technical conditions for welding consumables for
pressure equipment
NB/T 47019.4 Technical conditions for ordering boiler and heat exchanger tubes -
Part 4.Low alloy steel for low temperature
NB/T 47020 ~ 47027 Type and specification for pressure vessel flanges
NB/T 47041 Vertical vessels supported by skirt
NB/T 47042 Horizontal vessels on saddle supports
NB/T 47065 (all parts) Vessel support
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions as defined in GB/T 150.1, GB/T 151, GB/T 30583, as well
as the following terms and definitions, apply to this document.
3.1
Forged-welded pressure vessel
Pressure vessel formed by machining cylindrical or other shaped forgings into
cylinder sections or heads (or cylinder ends) and connected by circumferential
welding joints.
3.2
Layered pressure vessel
Pressure vessel (excluding lined pressure vessel), whose cylinder or head is made of
two or more layers (including two layers) of plates or strips, with the inter-layers
connected by non-welding methods.
3.3
Wrapped pressure vessel
Multi-layer pressure vessel formed by wrapping layers on the inner cylinder layer
by layer.
Note. Wrapped pressure vessels include two structural forms. multi-layer cylinder section
wrapped pressure vessel and multi-layer integral wrapped pressure vessel. Multi-layer
cylinder section wrapped pressure vessel refers to a pressure vessel, which is formed by
wrapping layers on a single inner cylinder layer by layer to form multi-layer cylinder
sections, then welded by circumferential welding joints; multi-layer integral wrapped
pressure vessel refers to a pressure vessel, which is formed by wrapping layers on the
integral inner cylinder layer by layer.
4 General
4.1 Requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of pressure vessels
4.1.1 The fabrication, inspection, acceptance of pressure vessels of different structural
forms shall be subject to additional requirements based on the requirements for the
fabrication, inspection and acceptance of single-layer welded (including pipe-made
cylinder) pressure vessels.
a) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of forged and
welded pressure vessels shall be in accordance with Appendix A;
b) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of shrink fit
pressure vessels shall be in accordance with Appendix B;
c) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of wrapped
pressure vessels shall be in accordance with Appendix C;
d) Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of flat steel
ribbon wound pressure vessels shall be in accordance with Appendix D.
4.1.2 Additional requirements for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of pressure
vessels designed to prevent low-temperature brittle fracture shall be in accordance with
Appendix E.
4.1.3 For low-temperature pressure vessels made of chromium-nickel austenitic
stainless steel (design temperature below -196 °C), the parties involved in the
fabrication shall negotiate and stipulate additional requirements for fabrication,
inspection, acceptance; the design organization shall stipulate them in the design
documents.
4.2 Basis for the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of pressure vessels
In addition to complying with the requirements of this document and design documents,
the fabrication, inspection, acceptance of pressure vessels shall also comply with the
following requirements.
a) The fabrication, inspection, acceptance of heat exchangers, spherical storage tanks,
tower vessels and horizontal vessels shall comply with GB/T 151, GB/T 12337,
NB/T 47041, NB/T 47042, respectively.
b) The fabrication, inspection, acceptance of non-ferrous metal linings, cladding
layers, composite plate claddings in pressure vessels shall comply with JB/T 4734,
NB/T 11270, JB/T 4755, JB/T 4756, NB/T 47011, respectively.
5 Material re-inspection, segmentation, mark
transplantation
5.1 Material re-test
5.1.1 Raw material re-test
5.1.1.1 The following materials shall be re-tested.
a) Class IV forgings purchased for Class III pressure vessels;
b) Materials of main pressure components whose quality certificates cannot be
confirmed or whose performance and chemical composition are in doubt;
c) Foreign designation materials used to fabricate main pressure components;
d) Materials required to be retested by design documents.
5.1.1.2 When retesting materials, the chemical composition shall be retested by furnace
number; the mechanical properties shall be retested by heat treatment batch number.
5.1.1.3 The results of material retest shall comply with the provisions of the
corresponding material standards or the requirements of design documents.
5.1.2 Retesting of welding materials
5.1.2.1 For welding materials whose quality certificates cannot be confirmed or whose
performance and chemical composition are in doubt, the chemical composition and
mechanical properties of the deposited metal shall be retested by batch; the retest results
shall comply with the provisions of the corresponding welding material standards or
the requirements of design documents.
5.1.2.2 Flux-cored welding wires used for welding pressure components shall be
retested for chemical composition and mechanical properties of deposited metal in
batches. The chemical composition of deposited metal shall comply with the provisions
of relevant standards; the impact absorption energy shall comply with the provisions of
the corresponding welding rods (with the same minimum tensile strength code and
chemical composition classification code) in NB/T 47018.2.
5.1.2.3 Welding materials for pressure components made of low alloy steel with a
standard tensile strength lower limit greater than 540 MPa or pressure vessels with a
design temperature lower than -40 °C shall be retested for chemical composition of
deposited metal in batches. The phosphorus content in the deposited metal shall not
exceed 0.020% and the sulfur content shall not exceed 0.010%.
5.2 Material division
5.2.1 Cold cutting or hot cutting methods can be used for material division; the material
properties shall not be adversely affected during division. When hot cutting is used to
divide materials, the surface slag and the surface layer that affects the fabrication quality
shall be removed.
5.2.2 When mechanical cutting is used to split composite plates, the cladding of the
composite plates shall face the cutting tool; when flame cutting is used to split
composite plates, the base of the composite plates shall face the cutting tool.
6 Cold and hot forming and assembly
6.1 Forming
6.1.1 The fabrication organization shall determine the processing allowance and
thickness of steel material according to the fabrication process, to ensure that the actual
thickness of the pressure component after forming is not less than the minimum forming
thickness marked on the design drawing. When the determined thickness of steel
material jumps, the fabrication organization (or fabrication department) shall promptly
inform the design organization (or design department) in writing; obtain written
confirmation from the design organization (or design department).
6.1.2 The forming process of the pressure component shall ensure that the performance
of the formed part still meets the requirements of the design documents after the
pressure vessel is fabricated. Among them, the forming of non-ferrous metal composite
plates and non-ferrous metal lining parts shall comply with the provisions of the
corresponding material product standards.
6.1.3 The relevant fabrication organizations (or departments) connected with the
forming process shall negotiate and formulate the technical requirements for the feed
materials of the formed parts and the technical requirements for the formed parts;
control them.
6.1.4 For pressure-bearing components made of steel that has been normalized,
normalized, tempered, or quenched and tempered, cold forming or warm forming is
recommended; when warm forming is used, the forming heating temperature and
forming temperature should avoid the tempering brittleness temperature zone of the
steel.
6.1.5 The heating furnace used for heating the formed parts refers to 8.4.9 b); the
fabrication organization (or department) shall record the time-temperature curve of the
forming heating.
6.1.6 For parts and components that are first spliced and then hot-formed, where there
is support from process assessment and the welded test pieces of the formed parts have
passed the inspection, the weld seams do not need to be replaced.
6.2 Surface grinding
6.2.1 Mechanical damage to the material surface shall not be caused during fabrication.
Sharp scratches and local scratches, grooves and other defects on the corrosion-resistant
surface of high-alloy steel pressure vessels shall be ground; the maximum grinding
slope is 1.3.The grinding depth shall neither be greater than 5% of the thickness of steel
material of the part, nor greater than 2 mm; otherwise, it shall be weld-repaired.
6.2.2 For the cladding layer, composite plate coating, metal lining layer, the grinding
depth shall not be greater than 30% of the thickness of the cladding layer (or coating,
lining layer) and not greater than 1 mm; otherwise, it shall be welded. When the
cladding layer and coating are included in the strength, the remaining thickness of the
coating or cladding layer after grinding shall not be less than the thickness included in
the strength; otherwise, it shall be welded.
6.2.3 Tools for grinding different types of metals shall be dedicated to each other.
7 Welding
7.1 Welding environment and pre-welding preparation
7.1.1 Welding environment
7.1.1.1 When welding steel weldments, welding shall not be carried out if any of the
following conditions occur and there are no effective protective measures.
a) Wind speed is greater than 10 m/s during arc welding;
b) Wind speed is greater than 2 m/s during solid wire and flux-cored wire gas
shielded welding;
c) There is condensation or seams on the weldment surface. The relative humidity
of flux-cored wire gas shielded welding is greater than 80%; the relative humidity
of other welding methods is greater than 90%;
d) Rain or snow environment;
e) The weldment temperature is lower than -20 °C.
7.1.1.2 When the weldment temperature is -20 °C ~ 0 °C, it shall be preheated to above
15 °C within 100 mm of the start of welding.
7.1.1.3 The welding environment of nonferrous metal lining parts shall comply with the
relevant provisions of the corresponding product standards.
7.1.2 Preparation of welding materials
7.1.2.1 The welding gas shall comply with GB/T 150.2.
7.1.2.2 The storage and quality management of welding materials shall comply with
JB/T 3223; the seamed flux-cored wire shall be stored in vacuum packaging.
7.1.2.3 For pressure vessels made of Fe-5A and Fe-5C materials and used in hydrogen-
containing medium environments, if the operating temperature is higher than 350 °C,
the deposited metal of the welding materials used shall be evaluated for temper
brittleness. The test method and qualified indicators shall be specified in the design
documents.
7.1.2.4 For pressure vessels made of Fe-5C materials and used in hydrogen-containing
medium environments, if the design temperature is higher than 440 °C, the high-
temperature endurance test of the weld metal and the welded joint shall be carried out
on a batch basis for each welding wire and flux combination used. The high-temperature
endurance test shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 2039.The requirements
are as follows.
a) The materials used to prepare the test pieces shall be of the same steel designation
and heat treatment state as the materials used for the pressure vessel; the welding
materials shall be of the same batch number;
b) The welded test pieces shall be subjected to maximum postweld heat treatment;
c) Two specimens are taken for the high temperature endurance test. one specimen
is parallel to the weld axis (full weld metal specimen); the other specimen is
perpendicular to the weld axis (welded joint specimen);
d) Within the range of the calibration length (detection length), the diameter of the
specimen shall be greater than or equal to 13 mm and not greater than 20 mm; the
center line of the specimen shall be located at t/2 (t is the thickness of the welded
test piece);
e) The calibration length (detection length) of the welded joint specimen shall
include the parent material, within a range of at least 20 mm wide between the
weld and the adjacent fusion zone on each side;
f) The qualified index for the stress rupture test is. at 540 °C, with a stress of 210
MPa, the time for the specimen to rupture shall not be less than 900 h.
7.1.2.5 When required by the design documents, the welding materials used for
submerged arc welding (SAW) of Fe-5C materials shall be evaluated for the reheat
crack sensitivity of the deposited metal for each welding wire and flux combination in
batches and shall be qualified.
7.1.2.6 Flux-cored welding wires can be used for welding between Fe-8-1 group
chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel base materials and Fe-1-1 group base
materials; however, they shall not be used to weld low-temperature pressure vessels,
pressure vessels designed by simple fatigue analysis, pressure vessels containing
extremely toxic and highly hazardous media, pressure component welds welded on site
in field-assembled pressure vessels, pressure component welds made of Fe-1-1 group
base materials with a thickness greater than 60 mm.
7.1.3 Cleaning and protection of weldments
7.1.3.1 Cleaning of steel weldments shall comply with 6.3; cleaning tools for different
materials shall be dedicated to each other.
7.1.3.2 For non-ferrous metal composite plate cladding, measures shall be taken to
protect it before welding to prevent damage, oxidation, contamination.
7.2 Welding method
Welding methods permitted by NB/T 47014 shall be used to weld pressure components.
7.3 Welding process
7.3.1 Welding procedure qualification
The welding procedure qualification of pressure vessels and their pressure components
shall comply with NB/T 47014 and shall meet the following additional requirements.
a) Before welding of pressure vessels, pressure component welds, welds welded to
pressure components, tack welds melted into permanent welds, surfacing and
repair welds on the surface of pressure component parent materials, repair welds
of the above welds shall be subject to welding procedure qualification, in
accordance with NB/T 47014 or have qualified welding process support.
b) For foreign designation materials (including welding materials) used for welded
structural pressure components, pressure vessel fabrication organization shall
conduct welding procedure qualification, according to NB/T 47014 before first
8 Heat treatment
8.1 Types and methods of heat treatment
8.1.1 The types of heat treatment for pressure vessels and their pressure components
are divided into performance recovery heat treatment, performance improvement heat
treatment, post-weld heat treatment and other heat treatment.
8.1.2 The heat treatment of pressure vessels and their pressure components can be
carried out by three methods. overall heat treatment in the furnace, segmented heat
treatment in the furnace, local heat treatment. When conditions permit, overall heat
treatment in the furnace shall be preferred; on-site heat treatment shall be avoided.
8.1.3 When the pressure vessel and its pressure components cannot be heat treated as a
whole in the furnace, segmented heat treatment is allowed. When heat treatment is
performed in sections, the repeated heating length shall not be less than 1500 mm;
meanwhile the adjacent parts shall take thermal insulation measures, so that the
temperature gradient will not have a harmful effect on the residual stress elimination
effect, deformation, performance of the workpiece.
8.1.4 Local heat treatment is allowed for Class B, Class C, Class D, Class E welded
joints, spherical head and cylinder connection joints, defective weld repair parts. The
heating zone, uniform temperature zone, thermal insulation zone range of local heat
treatment shall comply with GB/T 30583.The temperature gradient of the heat-treated
workpiece in different directions shall neither have a harmful effect on the residual
stress elimination effect, deformation, performance of the workpiece, nor produce
unexpected heat treatment residual stress. If necessary, the design organization or the
fabrication organization shall simulate and calculate the temperature field and
deformation of the heat-treated workpiece; provide specific control measures.
8.2 Heat treatment process
The fabrication organization shall prepare the heat treatment process before heat
treatment, according to the requirements of the design documents and standards.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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