GB/T 31486-2024_English: PDF (GB/T31486-2024)
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Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle
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Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle
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| Standard ID | GB/T 31486-2024 (GB/T31486-2024) | | Description (Translated English) | Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T47 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.120 | | Word Count Estimation | 14,183 | | Date of Issue | 2024-09-29 | | Date of Implementation | 2025-04-01 | | Older Standard (superseded by this standard) | GB/T 31486-2015 | | Drafting Organization | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd., China Automotive Technology Research Center Co., Ltd., Hefei Guoxuan High-tech Power Energy Co., Ltd., BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd., China New Aviation Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China Automotive Research Institute New Energy Vehicle Inspection Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Xinwanda Power Technology Co., Ltd., Huizhou Yiwei Lithium Energy Co., Ltd., Guolian Automotive Power Battery Research Institute Co., Ltd., Fudi Battery Co., Ltd., Beijing New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Jaguar Land Rover (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Toyota Motor (China) Investment Co., Ltd. Company, Tesla (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Beijing Weilan New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Zeekr Automobile (Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Area) Co., Ltd., Gree Titanium New Energy Co., Ltd. | | Administrative Organization | National Automobile Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 114) | | Issuing agency(ies) | State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration | | Standard ID | GB/T 31486-2015 (GB/T31486-2015) | | Description (Translated English) | Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle | | Sector / Industry | National Standard (Recommended) | | Classification of Chinese Standard | T47 | | Classification of International Standard | 43.120 | | Word Count Estimation | 12,120 | | Date of Issue | 2015-05-15 | | Date of Implementation | 2015-05-15 | | Quoted Standard | GB/T 2900.41; GB/T 19596 | | Drafting Organization | China Automotive Technology and Research Center | | Administrative Organization | National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee | | Regulation (derived from) | National Standard Announcement 2015 No. 15 | | Proposing organization | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China | | Issuing agency(ies) | Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China; Standardization Administration of China | | Summary | This Standard specifies the Electric Vehicle Battery (hereinafter referred to as the battery) electrical performance requirements, test methods and inspection rules. This Standard applies to the load on the electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries monomer and modules, other types of batteries for implementation. |
GB/T 31486-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.120
CCS T 47
Replacing GB/T 31486-2015
Electrical Performance Requirements and Test Methods for
Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle
ISSUED ON. SEPTEMBER 29, 2024
IMPLEMENTED ON. APRIL 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative References... 6
3 Terms and Definitions... 6
4 Symbols... 7
5 Performance Requirements... 7
5.1 Appearance... 7
5.2 Polarity Markings... 8
5.3 Mass and Overall Dimensions... 8
5.4 Room Temperature Discharge Capacity... 8
5.5 Room Temperature Rate Discharge Capacity... 8
5.6 Room Temperature Rate Charging Performance... 8
5.7 Low Temperature Discharge Capacity... 8
5.8 High Temperature Discharge Capacity... 8
5.9 Charge Holding and Capacity Recovery Capabilities... 8
5.10 Storage... 9
6 Test Methods... 9
6.1 Test Conditions... 9
6.2 Test Methods... 10
6.3 Test Items... 15
Appendix A (normative) Test Tooling of High and Low Temperature Test Chambers 16
Bibliography... 18
Electrical Performance Requirements and Test Methods for
Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle
1 Scope
This document specifies the electrical performance requirements for traction battery cells of
electric vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the “battery cells”) and describes the corresponding
test methods.
This document is applicable to lithium-ion batteries and metal hydride nickel battery cells
installed on electric vehicles. Other types of batteries may take this as a reference.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 10592-2023 Specifications for High / low Temperature Testing Chambers
GB/T 19596 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB 38031 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 19596 and GB 38031, and the following are
applicable to this document.
3.1 high energy battery
At room temperature, batteries with the ratio of the maximum allowable output electric power
(W) to 3 I3 rate discharge energy (Wh) less than 10.
NOTE. high energy batteries are generally applied to pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles.
[source. GB/T 19596-2017, 3.3.1.1.1.3, modified]
3.2 high power battery
At room temperature, batteries with the ratio of the maximum allowable output electric power
5.2 Polarity Markings
The battery cells shall be inspected in accordance with 6.2.2.The terminal polarity markings
shall be correct and clear.
5.3 Mass and Overall Dimensions
The battery cells shall be inspected in accordance with 6.2.3.The mass and overall dimensions
shall comply with the product technical conditions provided by the manufacturer.
5.4 Room Temperature Discharge Capacity
The battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.5, and their initial capacity shall not be
less than the rated capacity and not exceed 110% of the rated capacity. At the same time, the
initial capacity range of all test objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average initial
capacity.
NOTE. the range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of all samples.
5.5 Room Temperature Rate Discharge Capacity
The high energy battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.6.1, and their discharge
capacity shall not be less than 95% of the initial capacity.
The high power battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.6.2, and their discharge
capacity shall not be less than 80% of the initial capacity.
5.6 Room Temperature Rate Charging Performance
The battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.7, and their discharge capacity shall not
be less than 80% of the initial capacity.
5.7 Low Temperature Discharge Capacity
Lithium-ion battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.8, and their discharge capacity
shall not be less than 70% of the initial capacity.
Metal hydride nickel battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.8, and their discharge
capacity shall not be less than 80% of the initial capacity.
5.8 High Temperature Discharge Capacity
The battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.9, and their discharge capacity shall not
be less than 95% of the initial capacity.
5.9 Charge Holding and Capacity Recovery Capabilities
Lithium-ion battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.10.Their room temperature and
high temperature charge holding capacity shall not be less than 90% of the initial capacity, and
the recovery capacity shall not be lower than 95% of the initial capacity. At the same time, the
high temperature charge holding capacity and high temperature recovery capacity range of all
test objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average initial capacity, and the energy efficiency
range shall not be greater than 5% of the average energy efficiency of all test objects.
Metal hydride nickel battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.10.Their room
temperature charge holding capacity shall not be less than 83% of the initial capacity, high
temperature charge holding capacity shall not be less than 70% of the initial capacity, and
recovery capacity shall not be less than 95% of the initial capacity. At the same time, the high
temperature charge holding capacity and high temperature recovery capacity range of all test
objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average initial capacity, and the energy efficiency
range shall not be greater than 5% of the average energy efficiency of all test objects.
5.10 Storage
The battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.11, and their recovery capacity shall not
be less than 95% of the initial capacity. At the same time, the recovery capacity range of all test
objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average initial capacity, and the energy efficiency
range shall not be greater than 5% of the average energy efficiency of all test objects.
6 Test Methods
6.1 Test Conditions
6.1.1 General conditions
6.1.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be conducted in an environment with a room
temperature of 25 C 2 C, a relative humidity of 10% ~ 90%, and an atmospheric pressure
of 86 kPa ~ 106 kPa.
6.1.1.2 When the target ambient temperature of the test changes, before carrying out the test,
the battery cells shall be placed at the target ambient temperature for 12 hours to complete
environmental adaptation. Meanwhile, when the following conditions are satisfied, it may be
terminated early.
a) The difference between the battery cell temperature and the target ambient
temperature does not exceed 2 C;
b) The change rate of the battery cell temperature is not greater than 1 C/h within at
least 30 minutes.
6.1.1.3 The wind speed of the high and low temperature test chambers shall not be greater than
1.7 m/s, or the test tooling that complies with the requirements of Appendix A shall be used.
6.1.1.4 Before the test, the manufacturer shall provide parameters, such as. rated capacity, rated
energy, charge termination voltage and discharge termination voltage, etc.
NOTE. for square and pouch batteries, measure the length, width and height; for cylindrical
batteries, measure the diameter and height.
6.2.4 Standard charge
At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the high power
batteries at a current of 1 I1 to the discharge termination voltage specified in the manufacturer’s
technical conditions. Let them sit for 1 hour (or a time of no more than 1 hour provided by the
manufacturer), then, charge in accordance with the charging method provided by the
manufacturer, or the following charging methods.
a) For lithium-ion batteries, charge with a constant current specified by the manufacturer
and not less than 1 I3, until reaching the charge termination voltage specified in the
manufacturer’s technical conditions, then, switch to constant voltage charging. When
the charge current drops to 0.15 I3, stop charging. After charging, let them sit for 1
hour (or a time of no more than 1 hour provided by the manufacturer);
b) For metal hydride nickel batteries, charge with a constant current specified by the
manufacturer and not less than 1 I1 for 1 hour, then, charge with 0.2 I1 for 0.5 hour.
After charging, let them sit for 1 hour (or a time of no more than 1 hour provided by
the manufacturer).
6.2.5 Room temperature discharge capacity
The room temperature discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance with the
following steps.
a) Charge the battery cells in accordance with the method of 6.2.4;
b) At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the
high power batteries at a current of 1 I1, until reaching the discharge termination
voltage specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
c) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah), and calculate the discharge energy (in Wh)
and discharge specific energy (in Wh/kg);
d) Repeat steps a) ~ c) for 5 times. When the range of three consecutive test results is
less than 3% of the rated capacity, the test may be terminated early; take the average
value of the last three test results as the initial capacity.
6.2.6 Room temperature rate discharge capacity
6.2.6.1 High energy batteries
6.2.6.1.1 The data recording interval for the room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall
not be greater than 100 ms.
6.2.6.1.2 The room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance
with the following steps.
a) Charge the battery cells in accordance with the method of 6.2.4;
b) At room temperature, discharge the battery cells at a current of 3 I3, until reaching the
discharge termination voltage specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
c) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah).
6.2.6.2 High power batteries
6.2.6.2.1 The data recording interval for the room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall
not be greater than 100 ms.
6.2.6.2.2 The room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance
with the following steps.
a) Charge the battery cells in accordance with the method of 6.2.4;
b) At room temperature, discharge the battery cells at a current of 10 I1 (the maximum
current does not exceed 800 A), until reaching the discharge termination voltage
specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
c) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah).
6.2.7 Room temperature rate charging performance
The room temperature rate charging performance test shall be carried out in accordance with
the following steps.
a) At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the
high power batteries at a current of 1 I1, until reaching the discharge termination
voltage specified in the manufacturer's technical conditions, then, let them sit for 1
hour;
b) At room temperature, charge the battery cells in accordance with the charging strategy
specified by the manufacturer to the charge termination conditions specified by the
manufacturer, and the total charging time shall not exceed 30 minutes; let them sit for
1 hour;
c) At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the
high power batteries at a current of 1 I1, until reaching the discharge termination
voltage specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
d) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah).
6.2.8 Low temperature discharge capacity
The low temperature discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance with the
......
GB/T 31486-2015
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.120
T 47
Electrical performance requirements and test
methods for traction battery of electric vehicle
ISSUED ON. MAY 15, 2015
IMPLEMENTED ON. MAY 15, 2015
Issued by.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Terms and definitions ... 4
4 Symbols ... 6
5 Requirements ... 6
6 Test methods ... 8
7 Inspection rules ... 16
Foreword
This Standard is drafted based on the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009.
This Standard was proposed by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the
People’s Republic of China.
This Standard shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee of Auto
Standardization (SAC/TC 114).
Drafting organizations of this Standard. China Automotive Technology & Research
Center, No.18 Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,
China North Vehicle Research Institute, Shenzhen BYD Auto Co., Ltd., Shanghai
Motor Vehicle Inspection Center, Technology Center of Shanghai Automotive Group
Co., Ltd., Beiqi Foton Motor Co., Ltd., Chongqing Changan New Energy Automobile
Co., Ltd., Putian New Energy Co., Ltd., Harbin Coslight Rower Co., Ltd.,
Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd. Headquarters (NingDe), Huizhou Epower
Electronic Co., Ltd., Citic Guoan MGL Power Source Technology Co., Ltd., Heter
Electronics Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai CENAT Energy Company Limited, Zhejiang
Godsend Power Technology Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Chunlan Clean Energy Research
Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University,
HuaChen Group Auto Holding Co., Ltd., Fujian Nebula Electronics Co., Ltd., Hunan
Copower EV Battery Co., Ltd. AND Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center Co., Ltd.
Main drafters of this Standard. Wang Fang, Meng Xiangfeng, Xiao Chengwei, Fan Bin,
Hu Daozhong, Jiang Wenfeng, Xu Jinmei, Wang Zhenpo, Jiang Jiuchun, Shao Zhehai,
Wang Zhanguo, Ruan Xusong, Miao Wenquan, Ma Lishuang, Wen Feng, Yang Tao,
Yang Congjiao, Sun Jianping, Zhao Shuhong, Yuan Changrong, Wu Ningning, Liu
Zhengyao, Liu Zhen, Liu Lei, Shan Chong, Wang Yong, Qiu Jie, Xu Guochang, He
Xiangyun and Wang Xin.
Electrical Performance Requirements and Test
Methods for Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the electrical performance requirements, test methods, and
inspection rules for traction battery of electric vehicle (hereinafter referred as “traction
battery”).
This Standard is applicable to lithium-ion battery and metal hydride nickel battery
which are used in electric vehicle. For other traction batteries, this Standard is served
as reference.
2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
the dated reference documents, only dated versions apply to this document. For the
undated reference documents, the latest versions (including all amendments) apply to
this document.
GB/T 2900.41 Electrotechnical terminology - Primary and secondary cells and
batteries
GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions and those specified in GB/T 2900.41 and GB/T
19596 apply to this Standard.
3.1
secondary cell
A basic unit device composed of electrode, membrane, electrolyte, case, and terminal
which can directly transform chemical energy into power energy and be charged.
3.2
battery module
A power supply combination of one or more secondary cell(s) which are connected in
series or in parallel or both series and parallel with only one pair of positive and
negative output terminals.
3.3
rated capacity
The capacity (Ah) released FROM the time when fully charged traction battery is
discharged at the current of 1I1 (A) TO the time when it reaches to the final voltage
under room temperature.
3.4
rated energy
The energy (Wh) released FROM the time when fully charged traction battery is
discharged at the current of 1I1 (A) TO the time when it reaches to the final voltage
under room temperature.
3.5
initial capacity
The capacity (Ah) released FROM the time when fully charged power traction battery,
which is fresh from the factory, is discharged at the current of 1I1 (A) under room
temperature TO the time when it reaches to the terminal discharging condition as
specified by factory.
3.6
high energy traction battery
The traction battery with the ratio of the maximum allowable continuous output electric
power (W) to 1C rate-discharge energy (Wh) lower than 10 under room temperature.
3.7
high power traction battery
The traction battery with the ratio of the maximum allowable continuous output electric
power (W) to 1C rate-discharge energy (Wh) no lower than 10 under room
temperature.
3.8
capacity recovery
The ratio of the discharge capacity of the fully charged traction battery which is fully
recharged after being put under certain temperature for a while to initial capacity.
- Time measuring device. ± 0.1%;
- Dimension measuring device. ± 0.1%;
- Mass measuring device. ± 0.1%.
6.2 Secondary cell test
6.2.1 Appearance
Under good light condition, visually check the appearance of secondary cell.
6.2.2 Polarity
USE voltmeter to detect the polarity of secondary cell.
6.2.3 External dimension and mass
USE measuring apparatus and weighing apparatus to measure the external
dimension and mass of secondary cell.
6.2.4 Secondary cell charging
Under room temperature, the secondary cell is discharged at the current of 1I1 (A)
until it reaches to the final voltage specified in the technical conditions of manufacturer;
PUT it aside for 1 h (or less than 1 h as specified by the manufacturer); CHARGE it
according to the charging method provided by the manufacturer.
If the manufacturer does not provide charging method, the following method can be
adopted.
a) As to the lithium ion battery, charge it at the constant current of 1I1 (A) and then
change to constant-voltage charge when it reaches to the final voltage specified
in the technical conditions of manufacturer. When the charging current falls to
0.05I1 (A), stop charging. After charging, put it aside for 1 h (or less than 1 h as
specified by the manufacturer);
b) As to the metal hydride nickel battery, charge it at the constant current of 1I1 (A)
for 1 h and then charge it at the constant current of 0.2I1 (A) for 1 h. After
charging, put it aside for 1 h (or less than 1 h as specified by the manufacturer).
6.2.5 Discharge capacity under room temperature (initial capacity)
TEST discharge capacity under room temperature according to the following
procedures.
a) CHARGE the secondary cell according to the method in 6.2.4;
b) Under room temperature, the secondary cell is discharged at the current of 1I1
(A) until it reaches to the final voltage specified in the technical conditions of
manufacturer;
c) MEASURE the discharge capacity (in Ah); CALCULATE the discharge specific
energy (in Wh/kg);
d) REPEAT a) ~ c) for 5 times. When the range of 3 continuous test results is lower
than 3% of the rated capacity, the test can be ended. TAKE the last 3 test results
to calculate the average.
6.3 Battery module test
The battery module sample used for test shall conform to the following conditions.
- Total voltage not lower than 5 times of voltage of secondary cell;
- Rated capacity not lower than 20 Ah or consistent with the rated capacity of battery
system for whole vehicle.
Note. the traction battery module used for test can be combined by actual modules in series or
parallel.
6.3.1 Appearance
Under good light condition, visually check the appearance of battery module.
6.3.2 Polarity
USE voltmeter to detect the polarity of battery module.
6.3.3 External dimension and mass
USE measuring apparatus and weighing apparatus to measure the external
dimension and mass of battery module.
6.3.4 Battery module charging
Under room temperature, the battery module is discharged at the current of 1I1 (A)
until the voltage of any one of secondary cells reaches to the final discharge voltage.
PUT it aside for 1 h (or less than 1 h as specified by the manufacturer); CHARGE it
according to the charging method provided by the manufacturer.
If the manufacturer does not provide charging method, the following method can be
adopted.
a) As to the lithium ion traction battery, charge it at the constant current of 1I1 (A)
and then change to constant-voltage charge when it reaches to the final charge
voltage specified in the technical conditions of manufacturer. When the charging
current falls to 0.05I1 (A), stop charging. If one of secondary cells exceeds the
GB/T 31486-...
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