GB/T 18385-2024 PDF English
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Battery electric vehicles - Power performance - Test method
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| GB/T 18385-2005 | English | 145 |
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Electric vehicles -- Power performance -- Test method
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| GB/T 18385-2001 | English | 399 |
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Electric vehicle power performance test methods
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GB/T 18385-2024: Battery electric vehicles - Power performance - Test method---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT18385-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.120
CCS T 47
Replacing GB/T 18385-2005
Battery Electric Vehicles - Power Performance - Test Method
Issued on. AUGUST 23, 2024
Implemented on. MARCH 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative References... 6
3 Terms and Definitions... 6
4 Test Conditions... 8
4.1 Test Vehicle Status... 8
4.2 Environmental Conditions... 8
4.3 Measurement Parameters, Units and Accuracy... 9
4.4 Road Conditions... 9
5 Preparation of Test Vehicle... 11
5.1 Charging of REESS... 11
5.2 Preheating... 11
5.3 Vehicle Test Mass and Load Distribution... 12
6 Test Methods... 13
6.1 General Rules... 13
6.2 Maximum Thirty-minutes Speed Test... 14
6.3 Maximum Speed Test... 15
6.4 Acceleration Ability (v1 to v2) Test... 18
6.5 Speed Uphill Test (not applicable to battery electric vehicles other than Category-M1,
Category-M2 and Category-N1)... 20
6.6 Maximum Gradability Test... 21
6.7 Hill Starting Ability Test... 23
Appendix A (normative) Determination Method for the Correction Factor of Circular
Roads... 24
Appendix B (informative) Test Record Formats... 25
Bibliography... 30
1 Scope
This document describes the test method for the power performance of battery electric vehicles.
This document is applicable to Category-M and Category-N battery electric vehicles.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 3730.1 Terms and Definitions of Motor Vehicles, Trailers and Combination Vehicle - Part
1.Types
GB/T 3730.2 Road Vehicle - Masses - Vocabulary and Codes
GB/T 8170 Rules of Rounding off for Numerical Values & Expression and Judgement of
Limiting Values
GB/T 12428 Laden Mass Calculating Method for Buses
GB/T 12534 Motor Vehicles - General Rules of Road Test Method
GB/T 12545.1 Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Automobiles - Part 1.
Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for Passenger Cars
GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and Measurement Methods for Emissions from Light-duty Vehicles
GB/T 19596-2017 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB/T 27840-2021 Fuel Consumption Test Methods for Heavy-duty Commercial Vehicles
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 19596-2017, GB/T 3730.1 and GB/T 3730.2, and
the following are applicable to this document.
3.1 rechargeable electrical energy storage system; REESS
An energy storage system that is rechargeable and can provide electrical energy.
[source. GB 18384-2020, 3.1]
3.2 stage-of-charge; SOC
The percentage of the current capacity in the battery that can be discharged in accordance with
the specified discharge conditions in the available capacity.
[source. GB/T 19596-2017, 3.3.3.2.5]
3.3 maximum thirty-minutes speed
The maximum average speed that the battery electric vehicles can continuously drive for more
than 30 minutes.
[source. GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.3.1.7, modified]
3.4 maximum speed
In accordance with the specified test method, the maximum stable average speed that the battery
electric vehicles can maintain.
3.5 acceleration ability (v1 to v2)
The shortest time required for the battery electric vehicles to accelerate from speed v1 to speed v2.
[source. GB/T 19596-2017, 3.1.3.1.8, modified]
3.6 speed uphill
The maximum average speed, at which, the battery electric vehicles can continuously drive for
more than 1 km on a rampway with a given slope.
3.7 maximum gradability
The ultimate rampway that the battery electric vehicles can pass on a good road surface in the
fully loaded state.
3.8 hill starting ability
The maximum slope that the battery electric vehicles can start on a rampway and travel upwards
by at least 10 m within 1 minute.
4 Test Conditions
4.1 Test Vehicle Status
4.1.1 The specifications and filling amounts of lubricating oil and coolant for mechanical
moving components shall comply with the vehicle manufacturer's provisions.
4.1.2 The test driver shall follow the operating procedures recommended by the vehicle
manufacturer to operate the REESS at normal operating temperatures.
4.1.3 Except for the purpose of driving, all energy storage systems shall be charged to the
maximum values specified by the vehicle manufacturer (electrical energy, hydraulic pressure
and pneumatic pressure, etc.).
4.1.4 Before the test, the vehicle shall be run-in for a certain mileage with the REESS installed.
It may also be run-in in accordance with the technical requirements of the vehicle manufacturer.
The mileage needs to be greater than 300 km. Meanwhile, the REESS shall undergo at least one
process from the fully charged state to the state of charge alarm, and the power alarm device
shall normally work.
4.1.5 The trailer matched to the tractor shall increase the windward area of the tractor as little
as possible or adopt a trailer recommended by the vehicle manufacturer for the test.
4.2 Environmental Conditions
4.3 Measurement Parameters, Units and Accuracy
The measurement parameters, units and accuracy shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.
4.4 Road Conditions
4.4.1 Overall requirements
The test shall be carried out on dry straight roads, circular roads and test rampways. The road
surface shall be solid, smooth, clean and have good adhesion properties.
4.4.2 Road conditions for maximum speed test
4.4.2.1 Straight roads
4.4.2.2 Circular roads
4.4.3 Road conditions for acceleration ability test
The measurement zone shall be a flat, dry, clean concrete or asphalt (or similar) straight road.
The longitudinal slope of the measurement zone shall not exceed 0.1%, and the transverse slope
shall not exceed 3%.
4.4.4 Requirements for test rampway
4.4.4.1 The climbing road is shown in Figure 1.The length of the rampway in the test section
shall be no less than 20 m and can satisfy the length requirements of the test vehicle for the hill
starting ability test. There are gradient sections before and after the test section. The straight
section before the rampway shall not be less than 8 m. The rampway shall have a flat, solid and
dry surface, a uniform slope, and good adhesion properties.
4.4.4.2 The longitudinal slope change rate of the test section shall not be greater than 0.1%, and
the transverse slope change rate shall not be greater than 3%.
5 Preparation of Test Vehicle
5.1 Charging of REESS
5.1.1 Regular charging
Regular charging should adopt the AC charging mode. If the vehicle has a DC charging mode,
in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations, the DC charging mode may
be selected.
5.1.2 Criteria for end of charging
When the on-board or external instrument shows that the REESS is fully charged, it shall be
judged that charging is complete. If the on-board or external instrument sends an obvious signal
indicating that the REESS is not fully charged, in this case, the maximum charging time (h) is.
5.3 Vehicle Test Mass and Load Distribution
5.3.1 Test mass and load distribution requirements for various categories of vehicles
5.3.2 Test mass and load distribution requirements for various test items
The power performance of the battery electric vehicles includes.
---maximum thirty-minutes speed test (see 6.2);
---maximum speed test (see 6.3);
---acceleration ability (v1 to v2) test (see 6.4);
---speed uphill test (see 6.5);
---maximum gradability test (see 6.6);
---hill starting ability test (see 6.7).
When carrying out the maximum thirty-minutes speed test, maximum speed test and
acceleration ability test, the vehicle shall be loaded in accordance with the provisions of 5.3.1.
When carrying out the speed uphill test, maximum gradability test and hill starting ability test,
the semi-trailer tractors and tractor trucks shall be loaded in accordance with the provisions of
5.3.1.2, and other vehicles shall be loaded in accordance with the maximum design loading
mass (including the masses of the measurement personnel and instruments); the load shall be
uniformly distributed and firmly fixed.
6 Test Methods
6.1 General Rules
6.1.1 At ambient temperature, tyre pressure shall comply with the vehicle manufacturer’s
provisions. When carrying out the rampway test, the tyre pressure shall be the tyre inflation
pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer in a cold state plus an additional 20 kPa; the tyre
tread depth shall be at least 75% of the original tread depth and the tread shall be in good
condition.
6.1.2 The vehicle shall be preheated, and the test mass shall be confirmed in accordance with
the provisions of 5.2 ~ 5.3.
6.1.3 Before the vehicle undergoes various power performance tests, the SOC displayed by the
on-board or external instruments shall satisfy the requirements of Table 2 and be indicated in
the record.
6.1.4 In addition to the necessary equipment and daily vehicle control parts for the test, the
lighting devices and auxiliary devices (such as. air conditioner, seat heating and multimedia,
etc.) on the vehicle shall be turned off during the test. If the vehicle is equipped with hidden
lamps, the lamp holder shall be located where the lamps are hidden. If there is a demand for
vehicle driving safety during the test, the vehicle lights can be turned on, but this shall be
indicated in the record.
6.2 Maximum Thirty-minutes Speed Test
6.2.1 The maximum thirty-minutes speed test can be conducted on a circular road or on a chassis
6.3 Maximum Speed Test
6.3.1 Standard test procedures (bi-directional test)
6.3.1.1 Set the test length, which shall be at least 200 m.
6.3.1.2 In order to reduce the influence of factors, such as. road slope and wind direction (wind
speed), the test shall be conducted successively from two directions of the test road, using the
same path of the road as much as possible. The two tests shall be continuously conducted with
an interval as short as possible.
6.3.1.3 On a test road that complies with the requirements of 4.4.2.1, accelerate the test vehicle.
Before the vehicle enters the measurement zone, it shall accelerate to the highest speed that it
can reach and steadily drive for 200 m. Maintain this speed when entering the measurement
zone and continue driving for the set measurement length. In a single test, the difference
between the maximum value and the minimum value of the vehicle speed shall not exceed 2%
of the minimum value. Record the time ti when the vehicle passes through the measurement
zone.
6.3.1.4 Immediately carry out the test in the opposite direction and record ti.
6.3.1.5 In both directions, the number of tests shall be the same and not less than 1, and the
difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the recorded ti shall not
exceed 3% of the minimum value.
6.3.1.6 In accordance with Formula (2), calculate the test results.
6.3.2 Test procedures for single direction
6.3.3 Test procedures of maximum speed on circular roads
6.4 Acceleration Ability (v1 to v2) Test
6.4.1 General requirements
6.4.2 Test procedures for acceleration ability test
6.4.3 Data processing
6.5 Speed Uphill Test (not applicable to battery electric vehicles other than
Category-M1, Category-M2 and Category-N1)
6.5.1 The speed uphill test shall be carried out on the chassis dynamometer. The vehicle shall
be loaded in accordance with the test load required in 5.3 for the determination of driving
resistance. The method for the determination of driving resistance shall comply with the
following provisions.
6.5.2 Place the test vehicle on the dynamometer and adjust the chassis dynamometer to add an
additional load equivalent to a 4% slope.
6.5.3 Start and accelerate the test vehicle. For manual transmission vehicles, use an appropriate
gear. For automatic transmission vehicles, use D gear or the gear recommended by the vehicle
manufacturer. Accelerate the vehicle to the highest stable speed it can reach and steadily drive
for 5 seconds. Then, start recording the time t of continuous driving for 1 km. During the period
from the start of recording to the completion of the 1 km driving test, the difference between
the maximum and minimum vehicle speeds during the test shall not exceed 2% of the minimum
value.
6.5.4 Adjust the dynamometer to add an additional load equivalent to a 12% slope.
6.5.5 Repeat the test of 6.5.3.
6.5.6 After the test is completed, stop the vehicle and check whether there are any abnormalities
in each component, and record them in detail.
6.5.7 In accordance with Formula (13), calculate the test results.
6.6 Maximum Gradability Test
6.7 Hill Starting Ability Test
6.7.1 The hill starting ability test shall be performed on a rampway with a slope specified by
the vehicle manufacturer.
6.7.2 In the middle of the selected rampway, set up a measurement zone of at least 10 m. A
starting zone shall be provided in front of the measurement zone. The slopes of the starting zone
and the measurement zone shall be the same.
6.7.3 The test vehicle climbs to the starting zone and stably stops on the rampway by the
vehicle’s own braking system. Place the gear in P or N and turn off the drive motor for 2 minutes.
6.7.4 Start the drive motor, in accordance with 6.6.1, select the gear of the gear-shifting device.
For all-wheel-drive vehicles, adopt all-wheel drive. Step on the accelerator pedal with full force.
6.7.5 If the vehicle fails in the first hill starting and climbing, the test can be repeated, and the
total number of the tests shall not exceed 2 times. The second hill starting and climbing shall
be specially stated in the record and report. If it fails again in the test, the vehicle manufacturer
shall re-calculate the hill starting ability.
6.7.6 If there is no rampway with a slope specified by the vehicle manufacturer, in accordance
with the site conditions, select a rampway with a slope angle as close as possible. The test can
be carried out by increasing or decreasing the loading mass or adopting a higher gear of the
transmission (for example, gear II), and the gear used for the vehicle test on the actual test road
slope and the corresponding actual test total mass can be calculated with reference to Formula (14).
6.7.7 Load in accordance with the calculated actual test total mass, and the load distribution
shall comply with the requirements of 5.3.In accordance with the provisions of 6.7.3 ~ 6.7.5,
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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