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Delivery: <= 4 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. NB/T 10201-2019: Guidance on the interpretation of carbon dioxide and 2-furfuraldehyde as markers of paper thermal degradation in insulating mineral oil Status: Valid
Basic dataStandard ID: NB/T 10201-2019 (NB/T10201-2019)Description (Translated English): Guidance on the interpretation of carbon dioxide and 2-furfuraldehyde as markers of paper thermal degradation in insulating mineral oil Sector / Industry: Energy Industry Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: K15 Classification of International Standard: 29.040.10 Word Count Estimation: 16,188 Date of Issue: 2019-06-04 Date of Implementation: 2019-10-01 Regulation (derived from): Natural Resources Department Announcement No. 7 of 2019 Issuing agency(ies): National Energy Administration NB/T 10201-2019: Guidance on the interpretation of carbon dioxide and 2-furfuraldehyde as markers of paper thermal degradation in insulating mineral oil---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order. Guidance on the interpretation of carbon dioxide and2-furfuraldehyde as markers of paper thermal degradation in insulating mineral oil ICS 29.040.10 K15 NB Energy Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China Carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide produced by thermal degradation of paper in mineral insulating oil 2-furfural interpretation guidelines Issued by National Energy Administration ForewordThis standard is compiled in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard uses the translation method equivalent to the IEC TR 62874.2015 "Carbon dioxide and 2-furfural produced by thermal degradation of paper in mineral insulating oil Interpretation Guidelines. The Chinese documents that have consistent correspondence with the normatively cited international documents in this standard are as follows. GB/T 1094.7-2008 Power Transformer Part 7.Load Guidelines for Oil-immersed Power Transformers (IEC 60076-7.2005, MOD); NB/T 42140-2017 Insulating liquid oil-impregnated paper and oil-impregnated paperboard is determined by Karl Fischer automatic coulometric titration (IEC 60814. 2014, MOD). The editorial differences between this standard and IEC TR 62874.2015 are as follows. - Deleted its preface and introduction; --According to the need for quotation in the main text, some standards in the references are included in the normative quotation documents, and the equivalent of adopting standards is converted Replace the original IEC standard for our country's standard. Appendix A of this standard provides reference materials. This standard was proposed by China Electrical Equipment Industry Association. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Insulation Material Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC51). Drafting organizations of this standard. Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd. Electric Power Research Institute, Guilin Electrical Appliance Research Institute Co., Ltd., China Power Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., PetroChina Lanzhou Lubricant Research and Development Center, Cargill Investment (China) Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard. Fu Qiang, Luo Chuanyong, Yu Longying, Zhao Jie, Peng Lei, Lin Musong, Qian Yihua, Zhang Li, Zhao Yaohong, Wang Jian 1.Cai Shengwei, Wang Huijuan and Wang Ruifeng. Guidelines for the interpretation of carbon dioxide and 2-furfural from thermal degradation of paper in mineral insulating oil1 ScopeThis standard provides a guide method for evaluating the life of transformer insulating paper by analyzing the content of characteristic products dissolved in mineral insulating oil. Compare the test results of furfural (2-FAL) and CO2 with the corresponding attention values of different types of electrical equipment to provide the degree of thermal degradation of the insulating paper Forecast information. By regularly monitoring the furfural and CO2 content in the oil, and comparing it with the furfural CO2 content under normal aging conditions, The aging degree of insulating paper can be evaluated in a short time. This standard specifies the statistical method for evaluating the thermal degradation of insulating paper. The attention value of the concentration and increase rate related to the aging of the insulating paper is based on the statistics. According to the calculation database, Appendix A provides reference materials. Note that the value is for reference only, and cannot be used as a threshold. This standard applies to transformers and reactors made of mineral insulating oil and cellulose paper, but not to other insulating liquids (such as esters, silicone oil, etc.) Or non-cellulose insulating paper (such as thermally modified paper, synthetic paper, etc.) is also not suitable for the calculation of the actual degree of polymerization (DP) of insulating paper. This standard applies to equipment with known fault and operation and maintenance history and continuous monitoring during operation.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this article Pieces. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 29305 Measurement of viscosity average degree of polymerization of new and aged cellulose electrical insulating materials (IEC 60450.2004, IDT) IEC 60076-7 Power Transformer Part 7.Load Guidelines for Oil-immersed Power Transformers IEC 60567 Gas sampling and free gas and dissolved gas analysis guidelines for oil-filled electrical equipment IEC 60814 Insulating liquid oil-impregnated paper and oil-impregnated paperboard use Karl Fischer automatic coulometric titration to determine water content IEC 60970 Method for counting and size classification of insulating liquid particles IEC 61198 Mineral insulating oil 2-furfural and related compounds determination method IEC 60666 Inspection and determination method for additives specified in insulating oil IEC 60599 Guidelines for the interpretation of dissolved and free gas analysis results for electrical equipment impregnated with mineral oil in use IEEE Std C57.91 Mineral Oil Immersed Transformer and Step-by-Step Regulator Guide3 overview3.1 Introduction This standard specifies the statistical method for evaluating the thermal life of insulating paper. According to the statistics of different types of transformers, the corresponding attention values are obtained (see attached Piece A). The data statistics method described in 6.1 can be used to calculate the attention value of the same type of transformer or reactor. Different operating environments and operating bars The transformer attention value of the parts may be different. Note. Please refer to CIGRE 494/2012 for the description of furan compounds as characteristic products of insulation paper degradation diagnosis. 3.2 Thermal and mechanical degradation of insulating paper 3.2.1 Overview The main factors of transformer aging include. insulation system design, materials and contaminants, and operating conditions. For solid insulation (paper Or cardboard), aging directly affects its mechanical properties and dielectric properties. For transformers, thermal aging mainly affects the mechanical Strength, that is, the reduction of the transformer's ability to withstand short circuits. This situation has yet to be verified by statistical data. The tensile strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of insulating paper all decrease with the increase of aging time, and the higher the temperature, the faster the decrease rate. The mechanical properties of insulating paper are expressed in terms of tensile index or degree of polymerization (DP), and the degree of aging has a significant influence on it. Cellulose is composed of multiple For long-chain compounds composed of glucose rings, the DP value is the average number of molecular chain lengths, calculated by measuring the viscosity of the paper solution (see GB/T 29305). Since the amount of insulating paper required for the test is less, it is more convenient to detect the DP value than the tensile index. Therefore, DP is widely used for insulating paper Evaluation of chemical status. There are three main processes for paper degradation. hydrolysis, oxidation and pyrolysis. 3.2.2 The influence of temperature Temperature affects the degradation rate of fibers (see IEC 60076-7 and IEEE Std C 57.91). 3.2.3 The influence of humidity and oxygen Humidity and oxygen have an important effect on the aging of cellulose paper (mainly oxidation). Humidity and oxygen not only reduce the mechanical strength of insulating paper In addition, it will lead to an increase in the aging products of the liquid-solid insulation system, because the degradation products formed by the insulating oil and paper will cause the insulation paper to further Step degradation. Many by-products such as carbon oxides, water, acid, sludge and furan compounds are formed during the aging process of the oil-paper insulation system. Some degradation products, such as furan compounds, are easily soluble in oil and have good stability, which can be used as characteristic products for aging diagnosis. Furan compounds are fibers The hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose and the dehydration reaction after oxidative pyrolysis of cellulose are formed. See IEC 61198 for the test method. In the transformer, the aging process (including hydrolysis, oxidation and pyrolysis) is carried out simultaneously, forming a nonlinear comprehensive aging mechanism (see Figure 1), which process plays a leading role depends on temperature and operating parameters. Due to the complicated degradation process of oil-paper insulation, it is difficult to perform a single activation Can calculate. 3.3 Symptoms of insulation paper aging 3.3.1 Overview The degree of aging of the insulating paper can be obtained by directly detecting the paper or by measuring the by-products dissolved in the oil. Cellulose degradation mainly affects the mechanical properties of insulating paper (tensile strength, elongation, rupture strength, folding strength, etc.) (see Figure 2), However, the direct measurement of these parameters requires a large number of paper samples, which cannot be achieved when the transformer is running. However, mechanical properties and degree of polymerization (DP) The relationship between is recognized. The degradation of cellulose has little effect on the pressure resistance of insulating paper. Figure 2 The relationship between the mechanical properties of insulating paper and the degree of polymerization The DP value is the average number of glycoside rings on the cellulose chain. In natural cellulose, the DP value can be as high as 10000, but after the corresponding treatment The DP value of cellulose paper is reduced to about 1000 (usually 1200). According to GB/T 29305, by detecting the viscosity of the fiber solution dissolved in copper ethylene diamine (Cuen), then calculating the DP of the insulating paper value. The aging byproducts of insulating paper can be divided into volatile, soluble and insoluble three types, mainly from pyrolysis, hydrolysis or oxidation. 3.3.2 Volatile by-products Carbon oxygen compounds (CO and CO2) are the final products of cellulose degradation. According to IEC 60567, the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) can be used Take measurements. In addition to cellulose degradation, the oxidation of insulating oil can also produce CO and CO2. The moisture content of the insulating paper can be as high as several percent. Among them, most of the water is absorbed by the insulating paper, and only a small part is dissolved in the oil. oil In addition to insulating paper, the source of moisture in the air also includes moisture in the air. Refer to IEC 60814 for the detection method of moisture in oil. 3.3.3 Soluble by-products Soluble compounds in oil (such as acids, alcohols, etc.) are produced by paper degradation. Among them, the most commonly used diagnostic substance is the following furfural (2-FAL) And related compounds. 3.3.4 Insoluble by-products The severe aging of the paper will eventually lead to the scission of the cellulose chain, and small fibers will fall off the insulating paper. According to IEC 60970, paper fibers can be tested as insulating oil particles. 3.4 Operating parameters affecting paper thermal aging The main operating parameters that affect paper thermal aging include. transformer operating time, load, cooling method, transformer type, insulating oil quality, etc. The high load of the transformer leads to high operating temperature and promotes thermal degradation of the paper. High-load transformers include shunt reactors, high-end DC commutation Transformer, step-up transformer, contact transformer, etc. As far as the cooling type is concerned, the cooling medium (water or air) and the type of flow (strong oil circulation or natural circulation) will affect the heat dissipation efficiency. Thereby affecting the rate of thermal degradation of the paper. The most effective cooling method is to use water as the coolant in the strong oil circulation. For example, the paper degradation degree of step-up transformers in hydropower plants is generally lower than that of step-up transformers in thermal power plants with the same operating time. This is related to the transformer (cold Cooling mode) (OFWF and ONAF and OFAF), operating time, historical load of transformers in hydropower plants and thermal power plants. Due to the high oxygen and water content, open transformer insulation paper is more prone to degradation than sealed transformers. Since the degradation process of paper is affected by temperature, some operating conditions and environmental factors that may affect temperature may also change the performance of solid insulation. Degradation rate. Therefore, excessively high ambient temperature or high load may promote the degradation rate of paper, which may lead to by-products such as furfural, CO2, and CO. 物 Increase. 3.5 The role of oil type and working conditions The oil type affects the aging speed of paper, and the formation tendency of acid in insulating oil containing antioxidants is significantly reduced, and at the same time it slows down the oxidation process; The influence in the paper oxidation process is also reduced. Compared with transformers that use antioxidant-free insulating oil, even if the degree of polymerization (DP) of the insulating paper is the same, use the insulating oil containing antioxidant The transformer furfural content is low. The role of passivators (triazole derivatives) in cellulose aging is not yet clear. The metal passivator can catalyze the copper in the oxidation process Chemical deactivation to reduce the degradation rate of oil, thereby slowing down the degradation process of paper, but the metal deactivator does not directly affect the concentration of furfural in the oil. Some laboratory studies have shown that the paper impregnated with passivating agent insulating oil has a tendency to slow down the formation of furan compounds, indicating that triazole passivators are inhibiting It has a certain effect in the aging process. The aging conditions of the oil may also affect the distribution of furan compounds between solid insulation and liquid insulation; acid oil may cause the furfural concentration in the oil The degree of increase is due to its strong ability to extract polar compounds (furans) from paper. 3.6 Fault conditions affecting thermal aging In transformers where the degradation mechanism may be heat or electricity, the rate of paper degradation may increase rapidly due to a sudden increase in temperature. High energy thermoelectric failure Excessive current circulating through the insulator and follow-up of large current will cause large-scale damage or even carbonization of the insulating paper. In the case of local thermal degradation due to failure, it is very difficult to predict the thermal life of the paper because the volume expansion of the paper involved is Unknown, and the temperature may change dramatically in a short period of time. The thermal life of paper should be considered when researching thermal failure through DGA Evaluation to avoid misleading conclusions. High-energy electrical failure (high-energy discharge) usually occurs in a small area, and its effect on the concentration of furan compounds is negligible. Involved During the discharge of insulating paper, the increase of carbon oxides is more obvious than that of furfural. The formation of cellulose by-products has not been found to be related to partial discharge. turn off. 3.7 Operation and maintenance affecting thermal aging indicators 3.7.1 Overview The operation and maintenance of oil may affect the thermal aging index of cellulose (see 3.3). Considering the total concentration of furfural and evaluating the increase in heat aging indicators The impact of operation and maintenance should be considered when the growth rate. 3.7.2 The impact of oil treatment Oil treatment may reduce the furfural concentration in the oil, which is related to the treatment time and efficiency. Online degassing or long oil treatment may reduce Less moisture in the paper. Furfural reaches a new equilibrium after a period of redistribution between the two phases of oil and paper. The time depends on the temperature and cooling conditions. Conditions and oil circulation. The dissolved gas and dissolved water in the oil can basically be removed by the vacuum degassing method. In the six months after oil treatment, the increase in furfural, dissolved gas and moisture should not be considered as an indicator of an increase in the aging rate. 3.7.3 Impact of oil regeneration Oil regeneration has an important influence on the concentration of furfural. Furfural is polar and most of it is removed by acid clay and other adsorption media. Oil again After birth, the change trend of furfural concentration should be carefully recorded to monitor the increase in furfural, while considering the new equilibrium conditions. Note. See 3.7.2 for the influence of oil regeneration on dissolved gas and moisture. 3.7.4 Effect of oil change The oil change also has an important effect on the concentration of furfural. All by-products dissolved in the oil are removed. After oil change, solid and liquid insulation The new balance between depends on temperature, cooling conditions and oil circulation. After the oil change, the change trend of furfural concentration should be carefully recorded to monitor the increase in furfural, while considering the new equilibrium conditions. Note. See 3.7.2 for the influence of oil change on dissolved gas and moisture.4 Monitoring plan4.1 Overview Periodic monitoring of cellulose thermal aging parameters requires strict evaluation of the paper aging conditions and thermal degradation rate. Based on single factor Analysis cannot be used as a basis for evaluation and countermeasures. It is impossible to obtain accurate conclusions from the evaluation of a small number of samples at the end of the operating life. The assessment method for thermal degradation of paper is not applicable to equipment that is not regularly monitored during operation. 4.2 Parameters 4.2.1 Routine monitoring 4.2.2 Supplementary monitoring See 3.3 for additional monitoring parameters, as follows. --Water content in oil; --Acid value; --Antioxidant content (only for oil containing antioxidant, see IEC 60666 for testing method); --The content of passivator (only passivator oil, see IEC 60666 for testing method); --Number of particles. 4.3 Recommended monitoring period The following sampling and monitoring cycles are for paper thermal degradation monitoring, depending on the service life of the equipment and the previous paper thermal degradation estimation results. In the case of conventional or low thermal degradation. Routine monitoring is carried out every 1 to 2 years. The insulation paper has severe thermal degradation, high thermal degradation rate, or caused by high load, defect, insufficient cooling or harsh environment Under abnormal aging conditions. Routine and supplementary monitoring shall be carried out at least twice a year. If there ......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of NB/T 10201-2019_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate NB/T 10201-2019_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 2 ~ 4 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of NB/T 10201-2019_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. The purchased PDF of NB/T 10201-2019_English will be deemed to be sold to your employer/organization who actually pays for it, including your colleagues and your employer's intranet.Question 3: Does the price include tax/VAT?Answer: Yes. 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