GB/T 6426-2025 English PDFUS$119.00 · In stock
Delivery: <= 3 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. GB/T 6426-2025: Quasi-static test method for ferroelectric hysteresis loop in ferroelectric ceramics Status: Valid GB/T 6426: Historical versions
Basic dataStandard ID: GB/T 6426-2025 (GB/T6426-2025)Description (Translated English): Quasi-static test method for ferroelectric hysteresis loop in ferroelectric ceramics Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: L90 Classification of International Standard: 31.030 Word Count Estimation: 6,683 Date of Issue: 2025-08-29 Date of Implementation: 2026-03-01 Older Standard (superseded by this standard): GB/T 6426-1999 Issuing agency(ies): State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of China GB/T 6426-2025: Quasi-static test method for ferroelectric hysteresis loop in ferroelectric ceramics---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT6426-2025 ICS 31.030 CCSL90 National Standards of the People's Republic of China Replaces GB/T 6426-1999 Quasi-static hysteresis loop of ferroelectric ceramic materials Test methods Published on 2025-08-29 Implemented on 2026-03-01 State Administration for Market Regulation The State Administration for Standardization issued a statement. ForewordThis document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1.1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1.Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents". Drafting. This document supersedes GB/T 6426-1999 "Quasi-static Test Method for Hysteresis Loop of Ferroelectric Ceramic Materials" and is consistent with GB/T 6426-1999. In comparison, aside from structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows. a) The testing equipment and requirements have been changed (see Chapter 5, 6.2 of the.1999 edition); b) Test signal requirements have been changed (see 7.2, 5.3 of the.1999 edition); c) The testing procedure was changed (see Chapter 8, 6.3 of the.1999 edition). Please note that some content in this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents. This document was proposed and is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Marine Ships (SAC/TC12). This document was drafted by. China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute, Haiying Enterprise Group Co., Ltd., and China Electronics Technology Group Corporation. The 26th Research Institute of the Company. The main drafters of this document are. Cao Kewei, Jiang Xingbing, Xian Xiaojun, Zhao Junsha, Zhang Hui, Li Ruifeng, Shi Zeyuan, Chi Wenchao, and Ge Ruibing. This document was first published in 1986, revised for the first time in.1999, and this is the second revision. Quasi-static hysteresis loop of ferroelectric ceramic materials Test methods 1.Scope This document describes a quasi-static test method for the hysteresis loop of ferroelectric ceramic materials. This document applies to the testing of hysteresis loops in ferroelectric ceramic materials, and the determination of the coercive electric field strength of the material from the measured hysteresis loops. (Ec), remanent polarization (Pr), and spontaneous polarization (Ps).2 Normative referencesThe contents of the following documents, through normative references within the text, constitute essential provisions of this document. Dated citations are not included. For references to documents, only the version corresponding to that date applies to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies. This document. GB/T 3389.1-1996 Terminology for Ferroelectric Ceramic Pieces 3.Terms and Definitions The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 3389.1-1996 apply to this document. 4.Testing Principle Under the action of an alternating electric field, the polarization intensity (P) of ferroelectric ceramic materials changes nonlinearly with the external electric field, and within a certain temperature range... Within the electric field, the polarization intensity (P) is a two-valued function of the electric field intensity (E), exhibiting a hysteresis phenomenon, resulting in the polarization intensity (P) shown in Figure 1. The curve showing the relationship between the electric field strength (E) and the electric field intensity is called the hysteresis loop. As shown in Figure 1, the polarization intensity (P) increases nonlinearly along curve OB with increasing electric field. As the electric field continues to increase, the polarization intensity (P) along the curve... The line BC changes slowly and tends to saturate, reaching saturation polarization intensity. The intersection of the tangent of BC and the P-axis represents the spontaneous polarization intensity in the absence of an electric field. (Ps). After the electric field is completely removed, the polarization intensity (P) will not decrease to 0 along the BO curve, but will maintain a polarization value, which is called the remanent polarization intensity. The polarization intensity (Pr) is the reverse electric field strength that reduces the polarization intensity back to zero. The coercive electric field strength (Ec) is the electric field strength required to reduce the polarization intensity back to zero. Further increasing the reverse electric field will decrease the polarization intensity. The intensity increases in the opposite direction along the curve until the saturation point H. The reverse electric field decreases, and the polarization intensity changes along the curve HF. This cycle is repeated to obtain the hysteresis loop. By analyzing the hysteresis loop, the spontaneous polarization (Ps), remanent polarization (Pr), and coercive electric field (Ec) of the ferroelectric ceramic material are obtained. Parameters such as these. Indexing symbol explanation. E --- Electric field strength; Ec --- Coercive electric field strength; P --- Polarization intensity; Pr --- Residual polarization intensity; Ps --- Spontaneous polarization intensity. Figure 1.Schematic diagram of hysteresis loop 5.Testing Equipment 5.1 Ferroelectric Analyzer. Test frequency range 0.01Hz~1000Hz, variable waveform, maximum fatigue test frequency. 50kHz, output voltage... Voltage ±12V, output current ±50mA. 5.2 High Voltage Amplifier. Output Voltage. -4kV~4kV, Output Current. -20mA~20mA, Slew Rate. 150V/μs, Output... The voltage accuracy is better than 0.1% of full scale. 5.3 Sample testing platform. Temperature range. 0℃~200℃, temperature control error not greater than ±2℃. 5.4 Display.6 Test SamplesThe sample should be an unpolarized thin sheet with a diameter not exceeding 20 mm and a thickness (t) not exceeding 1 mm. Both principal planes of the sample should be completely covered. The metal layer serves as the electrode. The sample should be kept clean and dry.7 Test Conditions7.1 Environmental Conditions When measuring hysteresis loop, the sample should be immersed in a suitable insulating medium, such as silicone oil. Depending on the material and requirements, the measurement can be performed at different temperatures. Quantity. The sample should be kept at the test temperature for no less than 1 hour before testing. 7.2 Test Signal The test signal waveform should preferably be a sine wave or a triangular wave. The test frequency is generally selected to be within 10Hz. If the sample polarization intensity is too high... If the frequency is too low, the test will be inaccurate. In this case, the test frequency can be selected to be above 100Hz. 8.Test Procedures Perform the test following these steps. a) After connecting the test circuit as shown in Figure 2, place the sample in the sample test platform (5.3). Figure 2.Schematic diagram of hysteresis loop test device and wiring. b) Turn on the ferroelectric analyzer (5.1), turn on the high voltage amplifier (5.2), and confirm that all equipment indicators are normal. c) Set the sample information according to the test requirements, and input the test parameters in the test interface, including. frequency, waveform, voltage, temperature, etc. d) Begin the test. After the first test, the monitor will display the hysteresis loop graph and corresponding parameters. Increase the voltage and repeat. The test continues until the hysteresis loop is complete and without any openings, and the saturation polarization intensity no longer increases. At this point, the hysteresis loop is considered saturated. And hysteresis loop. e) Save the saturation hysteresis loop graph and parameters; the test is now complete. 9.Performance Parameter Calculation Based on the measured saturation hysteresis loop, the coercive electric field strength (Ec) is calculated according to formula (1). The remanent polarization intensity can be directly read from Figure 1. (Pr) and spontaneous polarization (Ps). Coercive electric field strength (Ec), remanent polarization (Pr), and spontaneous polarization (Ps) versus test temperature When providing numerical values, the test temperature should also be given. Ec= Vc (1) In the formula. Ec --- Coercive electric field strength, measured in volts per meter (V/m); Vc --- Voltage across the sample (when P=0), in volts (V); t --- Sample thickness, in meters (m). 10 Test Report The test report should include at least the following. a) The unit submitting the sample; b) Sample information; c) Test date; d) Test environment conditions; e) Testing equipment; f) Testers and reviewers; g) Test results; h) This document number. ......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GB/T 6426-2025_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GB/T 6426-2025_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 1 ~ 3 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 6426-2025_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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