GB/T 36197-2018 English PDFUS$394.00 · In stock
Delivery: <= 3 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. GB/T 36197-2018: Soil quality -- Guidance on sampling techniques Status: Valid
Basic dataStandard ID: GB/T 36197-2018 (GB/T36197-2018)Description (Translated English): Soil quality -- Guidance on sampling techniques Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: B10 Classification of International Standard: 13.080.01 Word Count Estimation: 21,214 Date of Issue: 2018-05-14 Date of Implementation: 2018-12-01 Regulation (derived from): National Standards Announcement No. 6 of 2018 Issuing agency(ies): State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration GB/T 36197-2018: Soil quality -- Guidance on sampling techniques---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.Soil quality--Guidance on sampling techniques ICS 13.080.01 B10 National Standards of People's Republic of China Soil quality soil sampling technical guide (ISO 10381-2.2002, Soilquality-Sampling- Part 2.Guidanceonsamplingtechniques, IDT) Published on.2018-05-14 2018-12-01 implementation State market supervision and administration China National Standardization Administration issued ContentForeword I 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and Definitions 1 3.1 Point Style 1 3.2 groove pattern 1 3.3 Layered sample 1 3.4 Whole group mixed sample 2 3.5 Space Mix 2 4 Principle 2 4.1 Soil sampling 2 4.2 Water sample sampling 2 4.3 Soil gas sampling 2 5 sampling technology selection 2 5.1 Preliminary information 2 5.2 Sample Type 3 5.3 Sampling Technique Selection Rule 4 5.4 Cross-contamination 4 6 Safety and environmental protection in the investigation 4 6.1 Personal protection 5 6.2 Building and equipment protection 5 6.3 Environmental Protection 5 6.4 Backfill 6 7 sampling technology 6 7.1 General 6 7.2 Cross-contamination 7 7.3 Undisturbed sample 7 8 sample storage 8 8.1 General 8 8.2 Storage container 9 8.3 Logo 10 8.4 Sample Storage 11 9 Sampling report 11 Appendix A (informative) Manual and mechanical sampling tools 12 Reference 18ForewordThis standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard uses the translation method equivalent to ISO 10381-2.2002 Soil Quality Sampling Part 2. Soil Sampling Technical Guide. For ease of use, this standard makes the following editorial changes. --- Change the standard name to the Soil Quality Soil Sampling Technical Guide. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Soil Quality Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC404). This standard was drafted. Jiangsu Provincial Agricultural Committee, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Institute of Quality and Standardization, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Soil Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard. Xu Mao, Yang Linzhang, Wang Donghua, Chen Meijun, Chu Wenyu. Soil quality soil sampling technical guide1 ScopeThis standard provides technical guidelines for the collection and storage of soil samples that are used for subsequent testing to provide soil quality information. This standard provides information on typical equipment used in a particular sampling situation to perform the correct sampling procedure and Collect representative samples. This standard also provides for the selection of equipment and techniques for the correct collection of disturbed and undisturbed samples at different depths. guide. The guidelines provided in this standard are intended to assist in the collection of soil quality samples for agricultural purposes, as well as for soils that require different technologies and skills. Dyeing survey sampling provides guidance. This standard can be used as a reference for soil sampling procedures for certain aspects of groundwater and soil gas sample collection. Although there may be scenarios for site redevelopment and soil quality surveys and geotechnical surveys can be beneficially combined, this standard The contents of geotechnical investigations are not covered. This standard does not apply to the sampling of hard formations such as bedrock. This standard does not include techniques for collecting soil quality information (such as geophysical methods) without sampling.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article. Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document. ISO 11074-1 Soil quality vocabulary Part 1. Terms for soil protection and pollution (Soilquality-Vocabula- ry-Part 1.Termsanddefinitionsrelatingtotheprotectionandpolutionofthesoil) ISO 11074-2 Soil quality vocabulary Part 2. Terms and definitions for sample collection (Soilquality-Vocabula- ry-Part 2.Termsanddefinitionsrelatingtosampling) ISO 11074-4 Soil quality vocabulary Part 4. Terms and definitions for soil and site restoration (Soilquality-Vo- cabulary-Part 4.Termsanddefinitionsrelatedtorehabilitationofsoilandsites)3 Terms and definitionsThe following terms and definitions defined by ISO 11074-1, ISO 11074-2, ISO 11074-4 apply to this document. 3.1 Point pattern spotsample;singlesample Samples taken from a single point. Note. This sample is a perturbed sample or a non-disturbed sample. 3.2 Slot pattern slotsample A sample taken from a vertical trough in a homogeneous formation or some underlying soil. Note. This sample is a perturbed sample. 3.3 Stratified sample A sample that is combined after collecting each point pattern from a surface layer or a lower layer that is considered uniform. Note. This sample is a perturbed sample. 3.4 Cluster-like cluster sample Samples of smaller points that are close to each other are collected for mixing. Note. This sample is a perturbed sample. 3.5 Spatial mix sample A small point sample is collected point by point in an area (such as a piece of land) and mixed to obtain a sample. Note. This sample is a perturbed sample.4 principles4.1 Soil sampling The samples are collected and tested primarily to determine the relevant physical, chemical, biological, and radiological parameters. This chapter outlines the selection and use of mining The overall factors to consider when using equipment. See the subsequent sections for details. Whenever a piece of soil is described, it is generally impossible to test the entire piece of soil, so sampling is necessary. The sample collected should be as much as possible A comprehensive representative to describe the whole. At the same time, precautions should be taken to ensure that the soil does not change as much as possible during the sampling and inspection intervals. The sample that is usually sampled is called a disturbed sample, that is, the soil particles become loose and separated during the sampling process. If you need to collect undisturbed samples, For example, for microbiology or geotechnical engineering, the collection of samples must ensure that the soil particles and pore structure remain in their original state. Multiphase system Sampling, such as soils containing water and gases from unnatural sources (such as from waste), may face special problems. The selected sampling technique should be able to collect soil material samples, and the obtained samples can be submitted to the laboratory for inspection and analysis. Establishing sampling points for the soil science/distribution of natural or man-made soils and their chemical, mineralogical, biological composition and physical properties Basic information on quality. In addition, the choice of sampling method also depends on the accuracy requirements of the survey results. In turn, the accuracy depends on the concentration range of the soil components, Sampling procedures and methods of analysis. When selecting sampling equipment, it is advisable to consider the types of substances that may exist in the ground and the inspection analysis that needs to be carried out. Care should be taken to avoid Current cross-contamination, loss of volatiles, changes in composition caused by exposure to air, or changes that occur during sampling and analysis intervals. Sampling techniques usually involve two separate steps. a) reach the sampling point (remove the cover or closure, digging or drilling to achieve the desired sampling depth); b) Collect samples. These two steps are interdependent, but should meet the requirements of the sampling principle. 4.2 Water sample sampling Soil survey procedures may require the collection of water samples, particularly for contaminated sites. The selection of the investigation procedure should follow the relevant geotechnical investigation International standards for groundwater and surface water sampling. See ISO 10381-1 for more information. 4.3 Soil gas sampling Geotechnical survey procedures may involve soil gas composition estimates for general landfill gas components such as methane and carbon dioxide. Measurement. In contaminated sites, it may be necessary to investigate the possibility of solvent or fuel presence. The international standard (ISO 10381-7) for these investigations is positive In the development, this standard contains some declarative guidance information.5 selection of sampling technology5.1 Preliminary information The choice of sampling technique, sampling equipment, and sampling method depends on the sampling purpose, sampling formation, contaminant properties, sample detection or analysis. Types of. So the following information needs to be considered when making a choice. --- The size and topography of the sampling area; --- The natural characteristics of the sampled ground; --- characterization of possible horizontal and vertical differences in soil type or formation; --- Geological conditions of the sampling area and surrounding areas; --- Groundwater depth and flow direction; ---Sampling depth, including excavation pit or foundation depth (considering future use of the site); ---The use or processing history of the sampling site; ---Buildings and obstacles, such as foundations or hard floors, buried tanks and underground facilities (such as electricity, sewers, pipelines, cables, etc.); --- Characterization of the existence of underground tanks and facilities (such as observation cover, inspection room, exhaust pipe, etc.); --- Concrete and asphalt passages, roads or hard floors; --- Safety and environmental protection of on-site personnel; --- Root system that supports the growth of vegetation and expands widely; --- Estimated surface ponds or water-saturated ground; --- Fences, walls and other civil engineering that impede access; --- Dumping materials or building demolition materials above the site level; --- The location of water bodies at risk of contamination, including surface water and groundwater. Before designing the sampling procedure, you should understand extreme natural conditions such as permafrost, red soil, calcium crust and other hardening conditions. In this case, special techniques are required for sampling. Desk studies and preliminary surveys are strongly recommended for relevant information. When investigating suspected contaminated soil, the initial survey is a survey An essential part of the sequence [see ISO 6381-1, Chapter 6 and ISO 10381-5, Chapter 6]. The main issues are considered. a) ensure that the survey is technically and economically efficient; b) Ensure personnel safety and protect the environment. The preliminary survey includes desk research and field surveys (on-site work). Usually does not include sampling, but in some cases limited sampling is below Useful for work. Identify parameters for on-site investigations, study methodological issues, and identify potential hazards to researchers. 5.2 Sample type For the investigation of soil and ground conditions, two types of samples need to be collected. a) Disturbed samples. Samples are collected underground without the need to maintain soil structure; soil particles are collected in a “loose” manner and can move with each other. b) Undisturbed samples. samples taken from the ground, using methods to maintain soil structure; such as using special sampling tools to ensure soil particles And the pores remain in their original state. Disturbed samples can be used for most tests, but some physical tests, profiles, and microbiological tests may require undisturbed samples. If you want to test For the presence and concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is advisable to collect non-disturbed samples because sample perturbations can cause VOCs to evaporate to empty In the air. If undisturbed samples are required for sampling, an aluminum sampling box (KubienBox), coring tool or coring cylinder can be used. Every worker Both are pressed into the soil and the sample is then removed and the soil remains in its original physical state. To investigate soil quality, different methods can be used for geotechnical sample collection (see Chapter 3). If the collected slotted sample (single sample) is small in size, it can be collected as a point sample. Can use a combination of other sampling methods The method produces a mixed sample (average sample, accumulated sample). If the soil characteristics (such as the concentration of volatile compounds) will be generated during the mixing process Do not use mixed samples when changing or when it is necessary to detect differences in peak concentration and soil characteristics. The point pattern can be collected using a hand drill or other similar technique. Undisturbed samples must use special equipment (see above) and must be retained The original structure of the soil. When using a machine to excavate the ground to obtain samples, it is suitable to collect a whole group of mixed samples. In this case, it is better to different from the bucket of the excavated material. Multiple samples are taken at the location to form a mixed sample (such as a nine-point sample). Space mixes or other mixed samples can be collected using a manual or powered auger, but ensure that the auger collects the same sample each time. This quantity. 5.3 Sampling technique selection rules In this standard, a sampling technique cannot meet all sampling purposes; sampling purposes are many and can be accomplished by two or more sampling techniques. The following examples suggest some of the main principles that should be followed. --- When studying the soil characteristics associated with the soil layer (in most cases), it can be sampled in layers according to the occurrence layer. --- If you are concerned about the spatial differences in soil characteristics, you need to collect point patterns. Other samples can be used if higher accuracy is not required method. --- When identifying the distribution and concentration of a particular element or compound, usually collect the point pattern, or collect the point pattern or mix in the detection area. Sample together. --- Used to estimate the overall quality or nature of soil in a region, such as some agricultural uses, where space can be mixed. --- The sample size should be large enough to meet all testing and analysis needs. --- The sample size should be large enough to represent all soil characteristics at the sampling point. --- The sample size should not be too large to avoid masking the differences in soil characteristics at the sampling point. --- Soil characteristics should not be affected by the sampling process, sample transport and storage. --- Representative sampling usually means that parts with different properties should be mixed according to the parent ratio (if applicable), get mixed sample. --- Avoid cross contamination and the spread of pollutants. 5.4 Cross contamination In particular, the chemical nature of the soil can change in many ways due to the sampling process. ---Sampling equipment and container adhesion cause substance transfer; --- Uncontrolled transport of soil particles from nearby sites or sections to sampling points, especially during the process of drilling or sampling. The substance falls into the sample from a higher part of the borehole; --- Substance transfer from the sampling device or container; --- Loss of volatile compounds, liquid leakage or mechanical separation; --- assist in the sampling of auxiliary substances (such as fuel, waste gas, grease, oil, lubricants, glue or other substances) causing pollution; --- Pollution caused by wind-blown particles, dispersed liquid or sedimentation. Regardless of the method used to sample, it is important to note that the material of the sampling system and equipment does not contaminate the sample. The sampling equipment should be kept clean to avoid cross-contamination caused by the transfer of previous residual samples to subsequent samples. Even for agricultural purposes, When a sample is repeatedly sampled to form a mixed sample, the sampling device should be cleaned after sampling at each position. Sampling requires lubrication, such as water to make the hole easy to form in order to complete the sample collection, only used in the matrix effect or pollution contribution A lubrication method that does not conflict with sample analysis and does not cause confusion in analysis. Only samples with controlled chemical quality and composition should be used for processing samples. For example, investigating organic compounds can be done with stainless steel hand shovel The tool usually does not react with heavy metals. The surface of the instrument in contact with the sample should not be painted, greased or otherwise chemically treated. Adding a liner to the borehole prevents material from falling into the sample from a higher point inside the tube hole and causing cross-contamination.6 Safety and environmental protection in the investigationThere are some ground disturbances in all soil sampling surveys. Agricultural use of land, woodland and semi-natural vegetation areas, the interference is generally small, Not easy to cause harm. When investigating in heavily polluted sites, it is not advisable to use excavation methods. Consider using holes, holes or similar techniques to minimize or Avoid problems caused by exposure, interference and the spread of contaminants. If the surface of the site before the investigation has been obviously contaminated or there are general environmental problems caused by human and livestock contact, and there is pollution dust The possibility of proliferation or water pollution, then, in addition to taking precautions to reduce disturbances during the sampling period and the spread of pollution, Report by everyone and local authorities to implement preventive measures. National or local regulations on notification procedures or notification obligations should be observed. 6.1 Personal protection During the soil sampling process, some sampling procedures have an impact on human health and safety. --- Operate sampling instruments and machinery; --- unstable ground or slope, open holes or pits; ---Sampling personnel and nearby residents or pedestrians are exposed to pollutants; ---Sampling personnel contact the sample transport or storage container or the pollutants released during sample pretreatment; ---Inconvenience caused by noise, dust, odor, etc. caused by heavy field engineering; --- If there are ammunition or explosive residues, expert assistance is required to ensure clean and restore the site before starting work on site. Safety; --- All harmful effects of soil sampling on human health should be considered when selecting the appropriate sampling method. If you can finish this carefully Work will automatically consider the negative impact on other organisms, buildings and the environment. 6.2 Building and equipment protection Prior to conducting any intrusive investigation, the location of all underground facilities and overhead cables (electricity or telecommunications) should be confirmed to avoid damage. In agricultural surveys, facilities such as irrigation and drainag......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GB/T 36197-2018_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GB/T 36197-2018_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 1 ~ 3 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 36197-2018_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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