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GB/T 14048.1-2023 English PDF

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GB/T 14048.1: Historical versions

Standard ID	USD	BUY PDF	Lead-Days	Standard Title (Description)	Status
GB/T 14048.1-2023	RFQ	ASK	3 days	Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules	Valid
GB 14048.1-2012	145	Add to Cart	Auto, < 3 mins	[GB/T 14048.1-2012] Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -- Part 1: General rules	Obsolete
GB 14048.1-2006	RFQ	ASK	3 days	Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear -- Part 1: General rules	Obsolete
GB/T 14048.1-2000	RFQ	ASK	3 days	Low-voltage switchgear and control equipment General Provisions	Obsolete
GB/T 14048.1-1993	RFQ	ASK	3 days	General rules for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear	Obsolete

Similar standards

GB/T 14048.11 GB/T 14048.3 GB/T 14048.10 GB/T 14048.9 GB/T 14048.4 GB/T 14048.2

Basic data

Standard ID: GB/T 14048.1-2023 (GB/T14048.1-2023)
Description (Translated English): Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules
Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard: K30
Classification of International Standard: 29.130.01
Word Count Estimation: 244,239
Date of Issue: 2023-11-27
Date of Implementation: 2024-06-01
Older Standard (superseded by this standard): GB/T 14048.1-2012
Issuing agency(ies): State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration

GB/T 14048.1-2023: Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 1: General rules

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
ICS 29:130:01 CCSK30 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replace GB/T 14048:1-2012 Low voltage switchgear and control equipment Part 1: General Provisions (IEC 60947-1:2020, MOD) Published on 2023-11-27 2024-06-01 Implementation State Administration for Market Regulation Released by the National Standardization Administration Committee

PrefaceⅨ Introduction  1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 4 3:1 Basic terms and definitions 4 3:2 Test 8 3:3 Port 8 3:4 Switching appliances 8 3:5 Components of switching appliances11 3:6 Switching electrical appliances15 3:7 Characteristic quantities 19 3:8 Symbols and references to properties in this document 27 4 Category 28 5 Features 28 5:1 Feature Summary 28 5:2 Electrical appliance type 28 5:3 Main circuit ratings and limits29 5:4 Usage Category 33 5:5 Control circuit 33 5:6 Auxiliary circuit 34 5:7 Relays and releases 34 5:8 Coordination with short circuit protection device (SCPD) 34 6 Product Information 34 6:1 Contents of the information34 6:2 Flag 35 6:3 Installation, operation and maintenance, decommissioning and disassembly instructions36 6:4 Environmental information 36 7 Normal conditions of use, installation and transportation36 7:1 Normal usage conditions 36 7:2 Transport and storage conditions38 7:3 Installation 38 8 Structural and performance requirements 38 8:1 Structural requirements 38 8:2 Performance requirements 44 8:3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) 50 9 Trials 50 9:1 Classification of tests 50 9:2 Verification structural requirements 52 9:3 Verify performance requirements 57 9:4 EMC test 73 Appendix A (informative) Coordination of use categories of low-voltage switchgear and control equipment 102 Appendix B Blank 105 Appendix C (normative) Enclosure protection level of enclosed electrical appliances 106 Appendix D (informative) Examples of clamping parts and the relationship between clamping parts and connecting devices 112 Appendix E (Informative) Instructions for adjusting the load circuit method 118 Appendix F (informative) Determination of short-circuit power factor or time constant 120 F:1 Determination of short circuit power factor 120 F:2 Determination of short-circuit time constant (waveform diagram method) 120 Appendix G (informative) Measurement of electrical clearances and creepage distances 121 G:1 Basic requirements 121 G:2 Use of ribs 121 Appendix H (informative) The relationship between the nominal voltage of the power supply system and the rated impulse withstand voltage of the electrical appliance 126 Appendix I (normative) Moisture resistance performance and its requirements 127 I:1 Moisture resistance of electrical appliances127 I:2 Pre-test conditions of the electrical appliance under test 127 I:3 Test methods 127 I:4 Determination of test results 127 Appendix J (informative) Agreement terms involving manufacturers and users128 Appendix K (Normative) Steps for Determining Reliability Data for Electromechanical Appliances Used in Functional Safety Applications 129 K:1 General 129 K:2 Terms, definitions and symbols 129 K:3 Methods based on life test results130 K:4 Data information 134 K:5 Example 134 Appendix L (normative) Terminal markings and identification numbers 137 L:1 General 137 L:2 Impedance terminal designation (alphanumeric) 137 L:3 Terminal markings (numbers) for electrical contact elements with two-position switches 139 L:4 Marking of terminals of overload protection appliances 140 L:5 Distinguishing Number 141 L:6 Terminal markings for external electronic circuit components, contacts and complete machines 141 Appendix M (Normative) Flammability Test 145 M:1 Hot Wire Ignition Test (HWI) 145 M:2 Arc Ignition Test (AI) 146 M:3 HWI and AI requirements 147 Appendix N (normative) Performance requirements and test methods for electrical appliances with protective isolation 149 N:1 Overview 149 N:2 Terms and Definitions 149 N:3 Performance Requirements150 N:4 Test requirements 151 Appendix O (Informative) Environmentally Aware Design 153 O:1 General 153 O:2 Scope of this Appendix 153 O:3 Terms and Definitions 153 O:4 General considerations156 O:5 Basic requirements for environmentally conscious design (ECD) 158 O:6 Environmentally Conscious Design Process (ECD Process) 158 O:7 ECD tools in product design and development 159 O:8 Relevant ISO technical committee 159 Appendix P (informative) Terminal lugs for low-voltage switchgear and control equipment connected to copper conductors 161 Appendix Q (Normative) Special Tests---Environmental Test Catalog 162 Q:1 General Principles 162 Q:2 Equipment classification162 Q:3 Test 163 Appendix R (normative) Application of metal foil for dielectric testing of accessible parts during operation and adjustment 168 R:1 General 168 R:2 Purpose 168 R:3 device partition 168 Appendix S (Normative) Digital Inputs and Outputs 174 S:1 Summary 174 S:2 Terms and Definitions 174 S:3 Functional Requirements 174 S:4 Verification of input/output requirements 182 S:5 General information provided by the manufacturer184 S:6 Digital Input Standard Operating Range Formula 185 Appendix T (Normative) Extended functions of electronic overload relay 186 T:1 General 186 T:2 Terms and Definitions 186 T:3 Classification of electronic overload relays 187 T:4 Types of relays with earth/earth fault detection 187 T:5 performance requirements 187 T:6 Test 188 T:7 Routine testing and sampling testing189 Appendix U (informative) Control circuit configuration example 191 U:1 External control device (ECD) 191 Configuration of U:2 control circuit 191 Appendix V (informative) Electrical energy efficiency management of switchgear and control equipment 194 V:1 General Principles 194 V:2 Purpose 194 V:3 Terms and Definitions 194 V:4 Electrical energy efficiency and safety 195 V:5 Basic principles of electrical energy efficiency (system approach) 195 V:6 Energy Efficiency Application 195 Appendix W (Normative) Procedure for developing materials declarations 197 W:1 Overview 197 W:2 Purpose 197 W:3 Terms and Definitions 197 W:4 Material Declaration Requirements198 W:5 Example of Material Declaration under W:4198 Appendix X:1 General Chapter 204 X:2 Purpose 204 X:3 General requirements for cooperation of a circuit breaker or CPS with another SCPD 204 X:4 Series SCPD types and characteristics 205 X:5 Selective Authentication 205 X:6 Fallback Protection Verification 207 Reference 214 Index 217 Figure 1 Test equipment for bending test 88 Figure 2 Type A and Type B analog gauges 88 Figure 3 Test circuit diagram for unipolar electrical appliances to verify the making and breaking capabilities of single-phase AC or DC 89 Figure 4 Test circuit diagram for bipolar electrical appliances to verify the making and breaking capabilities of single-phase AC or DC 90 Figure 5 Test circuit diagram for verifying the making and breaking capabilities of three-pole electrical appliances 91 Figure 6 Test circuit diagram for verifying the making and breaking capabilities of four-pole electrical appliances 92 Figure 7 Under ideal conditions, a simple diagram of the recovery voltage across the first arc-extinguished contact 93 Figure 8 Principle diagram of load circuit adjustment method 94 Figure 9 Test circuit diagram for unipolar electrical appliances to verify the making and breaking capabilities of single-phase AC or DC short circuit 95 Figure 10 Test circuit diagram for bipolar electrical appliances to verify the making and breaking capabilities of single-phase AC or DC short circuit 96 Figure 11 Test circuit diagram for three-pole electrical appliances to verify short circuit making and breaking capabilities97 Figure 12 Test circuit diagram for four-pole electrical appliances to verify short-circuit making and breaking capabilities98 Figure 13 Example of waveform recording for single-phase AC short-circuit making and breaking tests of unipolar appliances99 Figure 14 Verification of DC short circuit making and breaking capabilities 100 Figure 15 Determination of expected breaking current when the set current obtained from the first test circuit setting is lower than the rated breaking capacity 101 Figure 16 Actuator test force 101 Figure D:1 Clamping piece inside the connecting appliance 112 Figure D:2 Screw type clamp 113 Figure D:3 Column clamp 114 Figure D:4 Bolt type clamp 115 Figure D:5 Saddle clamp 115 Figure D:6 Lug type clamp 116 Figure D:7 Hood clamp 117 Figure D:8 Threadless clamping piece (simple diagram) 117 Figure E:1 Method of determining the actual value of coefficient γ119 Figure G:1 Measurement of ribs 121 Figure G:2 Creepage distances between fixed and movable insulating parts for contact support122 Figure G:3 Example 1 122 Figure G:4 Example 2 122 Figure G:5 Example 3 123 Figure G:6 Example 4 123 Figure G:7 Example 5 123 Figure G:8 Example 6 123 Figure G:9 Example 7 124 Figure G:10 Example 8 124 Figure G:11 Example 9 124 Figure G:12 Example 10 125 Figure G:13 Example 11 125 Figure K:1 Weibull median rank regression plot 136 Figure M:1 Hot wire ignition test device 145 Figure M:2 Arc ignition test circuit diagram 146 Figure N:1 Example of application of components connected to isolation circuit 151 Figure O:1 Framework of the relationship between provisions in product standards and product-related environmental impacts during the product life cycle 157 Figure O:2 Overview of the ECD process 158 Figure P:1 Dimensions 161 Figure R:1 Operating mechanism outside the housing 169 Figure R:2 Application of metal foil in switch actuator working area 170 Figure R:3 Example of finger-shaped protected area for hazardous live parts near push buttons171 Figure R:4 Application example of metal foil 171 Figure R:5 Application example 2 of metal foil 172 Figure R:6 Application example three of metal foil 172 Figure R:7 Application of metal foil on holes and slots 173 Figure R:8 Operation space for rotation operation 173 Figure S:1 I/O parameters 176 Figure S:2 UI workspace for current sink input 177 Figure S:3 Temporary overload waveform of AC digital output 179 Figure S:4 Temporary overload waveform of DC digital output 181 Figure T:1 Test circuit to verify the operating characteristics of electronic earth/ground fault current protection overload relay 190 Figure U:1 Diagram of externally controlled electrical appliances 191 Figure U:2 Single power supply and control input 192 Figure U:3 Independent power and control inputs 192 Figure U:4 Appliances with multiple external control power supplies 192 Figure U:5 Appliances with bus interface 193 Figure W:1 Example of main information and business information, XML code illustration:200 Figure W:2 Product information example, XML code illustration:201 Figure W:3 Example of declared substance information, XML code illustration 202 Figure W:4 Example of material category information, XML code illustration 203 Figure X:1 Overcurrent cooperation between circuit breaker or CPS and fuse or backup protection of fuse: operating characteristics 209 Figure X:2 Total selectivity between two circuit breakers or circuit breaker and CPS210 Figure X:3 Backup protection of circuit breaker or CPS --- operating characteristics 211 Figure Figure X:5 Example of test circuit to verify selectivity 213 Table 1 Nominal cross-sectional area of round copper conductors and approximate relationship between mm2 and AWG/kcmil dimensions 74 Table 2 Terminal temperature rise limit 75 Table 3 Temperature rise limits for accessible parts 75 Table 4 Tightening torque to verify the mechanical strength of screw terminals76 Table 5 Round copper conductor pull-out and bending test values 76 Table 6 Flat copper conductor pull-out test values 77 Table 7 Maximum conductor cross-sections and corresponding analog gauges77 Table 8 Correspondence between conductor cross-sectional area and diameter 78 Table 9 Test copper conductors with test currents of 400A and below 80 Table 10 Test copper conductors with test current greater than 400A but not exceeding 800A80 Table 11 Test copper bars with test current greater than 400A but not exceeding 3150A 81 Table 12 Impulse withstand voltage 81 Table 13 Minimum electrical clearances in air82 Table 14 Test voltage between disconnecting contacts of isolating appliance 82 Table 15 Minimum creepage distance 83 Table 16 Power factor, time constant and ratio of current peak value to effective value n 84 corresponding to test current Table 17 Actuator test force 84 Table 18 Tolerances for test parameters 84 Table 19 Dielectric test voltage corresponding to rated insulation voltage 85 Table 20 Test values for catheter pull-out test 85 Table 21 Test values for conduit bending test 85 Table 22 Test values for conduit torsion test 86 Table 23 EMC test---Immunity 86 Table 24 Acceptance criteria in the presence of electromagnetic interference 87 Table 25 Cross-sectional area of copper protective conductor 87 Table A:1 Usage category 102 used in GB/T 14048 series standards Table C:1 IP code 108 Table G:1 Minimum width of slots121 Table H:1 When overvoltage protection is provided by a surge suppressor specified in IEC 60099-1, the nominal voltage of the power system is the same as Correspondence of rated impulse withstand voltage of circuit 126 Table K:1 Failure modes of electrical appliances 131 Table K:2 Example of 15 electrical appliances arranged in order of failure134 Table K:3 Median rank calculation example 135 Table M:1 HWI and AI properties of materials required to secure current-carrying parts 147 Table M:2 HWI and AI properties of materials outside the scope of Table M:1 148 Table P:1 Examples of terminal lugs for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear connected to copper conductors 161 Table Q:1 Test sequence 164 Table S:1 Ratings and operating range of input power supply175 Table S:2 Standard operating range of digital inputs (current sinks) 177 Table S:3 Ratings and operating ranges of AC current source digital outputs 179 Table S:4 Ratings and operating range of DC current source digital output (DC) 181 Table S:5 Overload test and short circuit test of digital output 183 Table T:1 Action time of ground/ground fault relay 187 Table W:1 Example of main information and business information in tabular form:199 Table W:2 Example of product information in tabular form:200 Table W:3 Example of declared substance information in tabular form:201 Table W:4 Example of material category information in tabular form 202

Foreword

This document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1:1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents" Drafting: This document is Part 1 of GB/T 14048 "Low-voltage switchgear and control equipment": GB/T 14048 has released the following part: ---Part 1: General provisions; ---Part 2: Circuit breakers; ---Part 3: Switches, isolators, isolating switches and fuse combination electrical appliances; ---Part 4-1: Contactors and motor starters Electromechanical contactors and motor starters (including motor protectors); ---Part 4-2: Contactors and motor starters Semiconductor controllers and starters for AC motors (including soft starters); ---Part 4-3: Contactors and motor starters AC semiconductor controllers and contactors for non-motor loads; ---Part 5-1: Control circuit appliances and switching elements Electromechanical control circuit appliances; ---Part 5-2: Control circuit electrical appliances and switching elements proximity switches; ---Part 5-3: Control circuit appliances and switching elements for proximity switches with defined functions under fault conditions (PDDB) Require; ---Part 5-4: Special tests for performance evaluation methods of small-capacity contacts of control circuit appliances and switching components; ---Part 5-5: Electrical emergency braking device with mechanical latch function for control circuit appliances and switching elements; ---Part 5-6: DC interface for control circuit electrical appliances and switching elements proximity sensors and switching amplifiers (NAMUR); ---Part 5-7: Requirements for control circuit appliances and switching elements for proximity devices with analog outputs; ---Part 5-8: Control circuit electrical appliances and switching elements three-position enable switch; ---Part 5-9: Control circuit electrical appliances and switching elements flow switches; ---Part 6-1: Multifunctional electrical switching appliances; ---Part 6-2: Multifunctional electrical appliances (equipment) control and protection switching appliances (equipment) (CPS); ---Part 7-1: Terminal strips for copper conductors of auxiliary devices; ---Part 7-2: Protective conductor terminal blocks for copper conductors of auxiliary devices; ---Part 7-3: Safety requirements for auxiliary device fuse terminal blocks; ---Part 7-4: PCB terminal strips for copper conductors of auxiliary devices; ---Part 8: Built-in thermal protection (PTC) control unit for rotating electrical machines; ---Part 9-1: Arc fault active suppression system arc extinguishing appliances: This document replaces GB/T 14048:1-2012 "Low-voltage switchgear and control equipment Part 1: General provisions" and is consistent with GB/T 14048:1-2012 In comparison, in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes are as follows: ---Added provisions that are not applicable to this document (see Chapter 1); ---Changed terms and definitions (see Chapter 3); ---Clearly the symbol of the rated limited short-circuit current is Iq or Icc, Iq is used for starters, and Icc is used for switches and circuit breakers (see 5:3:6:4); ---Added the requirements for the pole impedance of switching appliances and deleted the requirements for overvoltage during on-off operation (see 5:3:7, 4:9 of the:2012 edition); --- Added provisions for environmental information (see Chapter 6); --- Added requirements for "insulating matching partitions for creepage distances" and "insulating matching partitions for electrical clearances" (see 8:1:4:2 and 8:1:4:3); --- Added requirements and tests for protective grounding continuity (see 8:1:10:4 and 9:2:9); ---Dielectric properties increase DC withstand voltage requirements (see 8:2:3); ---Added "special test" (see 9:1:5); --- Added Appendix K (normative) steps for determining reliability data of electromechanical appliances used in functional safety applications; ---Added Appendix W (normative) procedures for formulating material declarations; ---Added Appendix Cooperate: This document is modified to adopt IEC 60947-1:2020 "Low-voltage switchgear and control equipment Part 1: General provisions": Compared with IEC 60947-1:2020, this document has made the following structural adjustments: ---3:1 corresponds to 3:3 of IEC 60947-1:2020, 3:2 corresponds to 3:8 of IEC 60947-1:2020, 3:3 corresponds to IEC 60947-1: 3:9 in 2020; ---Delete W:3, and postpone the following article numbers; ---The index corresponds to 3:2 of IEC 60947-1:2020: The technical differences between this document and IEC 60947-1:2020 and their reasons are as follows: ---Replaced IEC 60695-11-10:2013 with normatively quoted GB/T 2408 to adapt to my country's technical conditions and increase availability Operability (see 9:2:2:2, Table M:1, Table M:2); ---Replaced ISO 3864-2 wi......

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Question 5: Should I purchase the latest version GB/T 14048.1-2023?

Answer: Yes. Unless special scenarios such as technical constraints or academic study, you should always prioritize to purchase the latest version GB/T 14048.1-2023 even if the enforcement date is in future. Complying with the latest version means that, by default, it also complies with all the earlier versions, technically.