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GB/T 1032-2023: Test methods for three-phase asynchronous motors Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid GB/T 1032: Historical versions
Similar standardsGB/T 1032-2023: Test methods for three-phase asynchronous motors---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT1032-2023GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 29.160.01 CCS K 22 Replacing GB/T 1032-2012 Test Methods for Three-Phase Asynchronous Motors Issued on: SEPTEMBER 7, 2023 Implemented on: APRIL 1, 2024 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Table of ContentsForeword... 3 1 Scope... 5 2 Normative References... 5 3 Terms and Definitions... 6 4 Denotations... 8 5 Test Requirements... 11 6 Test Preparation... 15 7 Thermal Test... 20 8 Load Test... 36 9 No-Load Test... 40 10 Locked-Rotor Test... 44 11 Determination of Losses... 47 12 Determination of Efficiency... 57 13 Other Test Items... 107 Annex A (Normative) Correction Methods for Loss and Error of Instrumentation. 122 Annex B (Informative) Comparison Table of Test Methods for Determining Losses and Efficiency... 127 Annex C (Informative) Linear-Regression Analysis... 128 Bibliography... 1311 ScopeThis Document describes the test requirements and test methods for three-phase asynchronous motors. Test methods include measurement of insulation resistance, measurement of DC resistance, thermal test, load test, no-load test, locked-rotor test, determination of loss and efficiency, torque speed characteristic test, moment of inertia test, short-time over-torque test, Inter-turn insulation impulse voltage test, power frequency withstand voltage test, rotor open circuit voltage measurement, overspeed test, vibration and noise measurement, shaft voltage and bearing current measurement. This Document applies to three-phase asynchronous motors.2 Normative ReferencesThe provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document. GB/T 755-2019 Rotating electrical machines - Rating and performance GB/T 10068-2020 Mechanical vibration of certain machines with shaft heights 56 mm and higher - Measurement, evaluation and limits of vibration severity GB/T 10069.1-2006 Measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical machines and the noise limits - Part 1.Method for the measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical machines GB/T 21211-2017 Rotating electrical machines - Equivalent loading and super-position techniques - Indirect testing to determine temperature rise GB/T 22715-2016 Impulse voltage withstand levels of form-wound stator coils for rotating A.C. machines3 Terms and DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 755-2019 and GB/T 25442-2018, and the following apply. 3.1 Asynchronous machine An A.C. motor, the ratio of its speed under load to the frequency of the connected power grid is not a constant value. [SOURCE. GB/T 2900.25-2008, 411-31-09] 3.2 Motor A motor that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. [SOURCE. GB/T 2900.25-2008, 411-33-01] 3.3 Type test A test that is carried out on one or more motors manufactured according to a certain design to show that the design complies with certain standards. [SOURCE. GB/T 2900.25-2008, 411-53-01] 3.4 Routine test A test that is conducted on each motor after it is manufactured to determine whether it meets the standards. [SOURCE. GB/T 2900.25-2008, 411-53-02] 3.5 Insulation resistance test A test that measures insulation resistance under specified conditions. [SOURCE. GB/T 2900.25-2008, 411-53-48] 3.6 Thermal test A test that determines the temperature rise of one or several parts of the motor under specified operating conditions. 3.7 Load test A test that determines the load characteristics of the motor under specified operating conditions. 3.8 No-load test A test without effective mechanical output on the shaft when the motor is running. 3.9 Locked-rotor test A test that is carried out to determine the locked-rotor torque and locked-rotor current when the motor is energized and the rotor is blocked. [SOURCE. GB/T 2900.25-2008, 411-53-32] 3.10 Efficiency The ratio of output power to input power, which is usually expressed as a percentage. [SOURCE. GB/T 2900.25-2008, 411-53-08] 3.11 Impulse test A test in which a non-periodic transient voltage is applied to an insulating component. The polarity, amplitude and waveform of the test voltage must comply with predetermined provisions. [SOURCE. GB/T 2900.25-2008, 411-53-55]4 Denotationscosφ. Power factor. f. Power supply frequency (Hz). I1.Stator line current (A). I0.No-load line current (A). Ik. Locked-rotor line current (A). IN. Rated current (A). K1.The reciprocal of resistance temperature coefficient of stator winding conductor materials at 0°C. For copper K1=235, for aluminum K1=225, unless otherwise specified. If other materials are used, it shall be specified otherwise. K2.The reciprocal of resistance temperature coefficient of rotor winding conductor materials at 0°C. For copper K2=235, for aluminum K2=225, unless otherwise specified. If other materials are used, it shall be specified otherwise. J. Rotary inertia (kg·m2). n. Speed measured testing (r/min). ns. Synchronous speed (r/min). p. Number of pole pairs of motors. P0.No-load input power (W). P1.Input power (W). P2.Output power (W). PN. Rated (output) power (W). Pfe. Iron loss (W). Pfw. Air friction loss (W). Pc. Constant loss (W). PLr. Residual loss (W). PLL. Load stray loss (W). PK. Input power during locking (W). Ps. Stator winding I2R loss at test temperature (W). Pr. Rotator winding I2R loss at test temperature (W). Ps,θ. Stator winding I2R loss at specified temperature (θS) (W). Pr,θ. Rotator winding I2R loss at specified temperature (θS) (W). PT. Total loss (W). Pmech. Shaft power (W). R1.The average value of the initial (cold) end resistance of the stator winding (Ω). RN. The first point stator winding thermal end resistance measured at the end of the rated load thermal test (Ω). Rt. The stator winding end resistance measured (or obtained) at the test temperature (Ω). Rθ. The stator winding end resistance converted to specified temperature (θS) (Ω). R0.No-load test (each voltage point) stator winding end resistance (Ω). Rc. Initial (cold) end resistance of winding used to determine temperature rise (Ω). st. Slip measured (or obtained) during the test (r/min). s. Slip ratio.5 Test Requirements5.1 General description The performance of three-phase asynchronous motor is closely related to the supply voltage and frequency; while it is affected by the voltage wave shape, the symmetry of supply power, the frequency deviation and stability. Accurate test data can only be obtained with qualified power supply (see 5.2), test apparatus (see 5.3) and careful measurement. 5.2 Testing power supply 5.2.1 Voltage 5.2.1.1 Voltage wave shape The harmonic voltage factor (HVF) of the testing voltage shall not exceed the following (see 7.2.1.1 in GB 755-2019). 0.03 - N design electric motors; 0.02 - Other electric motors that are not specified. The harmonic voltage factor (HVF) of the testing voltage during the thermal test shall not exceed 0.015 (according to 8.3.1 specified in GB 755-2019). 5.2.1.2 The symmetry of three-phase power supply The negative sequence component of the 3-phase voltage system shall be less than 0.5% of the positive sequence component; and the effect of zero sequence components shall be eliminated (see 8.3.1 in GB 755-2019). 5.2.2 Frequency During the test and measurement process, the average change in power frequency shall be within ±0.1% of the frequency required for the test (see 5.4.2 in GB/T 25442-2018). This requirement is not applicable to equivalent circuit method (see 12.6). 5.3 Measuring instruments and requirements 5.3.1 General description Environmental conditions shall be within the specified range given by the instrument manufacturer. If possible, temperature correction should be made according to the instrument manufacturer's instructions. Digital instruments should be used wherever possible. The accuracy of analog instruments is usually expressed as a percentage of the full scale. Therefore, the smallest range shall be selected according to the actual situation, and the observed reading should be more than 2/3 of the full scale. The full-scale range of the instrument (especially the current sensor) shall match the relevant parameters of the motor under test. rence shall be taken based on practical experience.6 Test Preparation6.1 Measurement of insulation resistance 6.1.1 Measurement of insulation resistance between winding and enclose and mutual windings 6.1.1.1 Testing state of motor The insulation resistance of motor winding shall be measured under actual cool state and hot state, respectively. It is allowable to conduct the check test under the practical cool state. Winding temperature shall be measured and recorded while measuring the insulation resistance; under the actual cold status, the ambient medium temperature can be served as the winding temperature. 6.1.1.2 Selection of megameters To measure the insulation resistance between the windings and the chassis and between the windings, the insulation resistance meter shall be selected according to Table 1 according to the rated voltage of the winding under test. 6.1.1.3 Measuring method When measuring the winding insulation resistance, if the beginning and end terminals of each phase winding are led out, the insulation resistance of each winding to the chassis and between the windings shall be measured separately. Other windings and embedded thermometers and other components not participating in the test shall be electrically connected to the core or the casing and the casing shall be grounded. If the three-phase windings are connected inside the motor and lead to only three terminals, measure the insulation resistance of all connected windings to the chassis. For winding rotor motors, the insulation resistance of the stator winding and rotor winding shall be measured separately. When measuring, the data shall be read 1 min after applying the test voltage with winding temperature recorded. In case that absorption ratio is measured to be IR60 s/IR15 s, insulation resistance for applying the specified voltage for 15s and 60s shall be measured. If the polarization index is measured to be IR10 min/IR1 min, insulation resistance for applying the specified voltage for 1min and 10min shall be measured. After measuring the insulation resistance, each circuit shall be discharged against the ground. 6.1.2 Measurement of other insulation resistance 6.1.2.1 Measurement of bearing insulation resistance Measurement of bearing insulation resistance uses megameters not exceed 1000V. 6.1.2.2 Measurement of embedded thermometer resistance Measurement of embedded thermometer resistance according to JB/T 10500.1-2019. 6.1.2.3 Measurement of electric heater resistance Measurement of electric heater resistance according to JB/T 7836.1-2005.7 Thermal Test7.1 Objective The objective of thermal test is to determine the temperature rise when parts of the motor operating under the specified load conditions have a temperature higher than that of the cooling agent. 7.2 General description Protective measures shall be taken for the motor to be tested against the impact of airflow caused by other mechanical parts on the tested motor. In practice, great deviation of the thermal test result may be caused by even very small airflow. Ambient condition that may cause rapid change to the ambient air temperature is not advisable for temperature rise test. Adequate space shall be available between motors so that good ventilation can be obtained. In order to avoid errors caused by the time lag led by the inability of the temperature of large motors to change quickly with the corresponding changes in the temperature of the cooling medium, all appropriate measures shall be taken to reduce the changes in the temperature of the cooling medium. At the beginning of the thermal test, all temperature measuring devices shall be checked to ensure that they do not increase the temperature measurement error due to the influence of stray magnetic fields. The temperature of the fully enclosed motor rotor and other parts can be quickly measured with a temperature measuring device after the power is shut down. 7.3 Measurement method of temperature 7.3.1 General There are three methods of temperature measurement. --- Resistance method; --- Embedded thermometer method; ---Thermometer method. Different methods shall not be used for cross-checking. The indirect measurement method is in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 21211-2017. 7.3.2 Resistance method The temperature of the winding is determined based on the increase in winding resistance. The measurement methods are as follows. --- Use a bridge or micro-ohmmeter of appropriate range and measure directly at the beginning and end of the test, see 6.2.2.2 and 6.2.2.3; --- Measured with a D.C. ammeter-voltmeter, see 6.2.2.4; --- Live measurement method, without interrupting the A.C. load current, superimposes a weak D.C. measurement current on the load current, see 8.6.2.1 in GB/T 755-2019. Small errors in the winding resistance will cause large errors when determining the temperature. Therefore, special attention shall be paid to this measurement to ensure that the accurate resistance value is measured.8 Load Test8.1 General The objective of load test is to determine the motor efficiency, power factor, rotating speed, stator current, and the relationship between input power and output power. The test adopts the direct load method, using suitable equipment (such as D.C. motor or three-phase induction motor, etc.) to add load to the motor. The axis of the load equipment shall have a high degree of co-axiality with the axis of the motor under test, so that ensure safe operation. 8.2 Test procedure The test shall be done under the rated voltage and frequency. The test should be carried out immediately after the rated load thermal test. If this is not possible, the difference between the stator winding temperature and the temperature measured in the rated load thermal test shall not exceed 5K before starting to read and record the test data. Apply load to the motor on at least 6 load points. approximately 125%, 115%, 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the rated load. The process of applying load is to start from the maximum load and reduce to the minimum load in sequence. The test shall be completed as soon as possible to reduce the impact of motor temperature changes on the test results during the test. The frequency variation of the power supply shall not exceed ±0.1% at all load points. At each loading point, measure U, I1, P1, Td (if any), n (or st), f, θt or Rt (if any), and θa. It should use a temperature sensor (embedded at the end of stator winding) to measure the winding temperature. When the motor efficiency is measured with Methods B or A, θt and Rt at each point shall be measured in the following a) of this subclause. When the motor efficiency is measured with Methods C, E or E1, it is allowable to determine the resistance at each loading point in accordance with the procedures described in the following b). If the motor efficiency is determined with other methods specified in this Document, it is allowable to determine the resistance at each point in accordance with the procedures described in the following c). There are 3 methods to measure the resistance at each load point. a) Preset a temperature sensor on the stator winding, and determine its resistance value by measuring the temperature θt of the stator winding. That is, according to the proportional relationship between temperature and resistance, the resistance value of each load point can be determined by using the initial resistance and initial temperature of the winding measured before the start of the test and the temperature of each point measured. b) The resistance value greater than and equal to 100% of the rated load point is the resistance value before the maximum load point reading. The resistance value at each point less than 100% rated load is determined in a linear relationship with the load. The starting point is the resistance value at 100% rated load, and the end point is the resistance value after the minimum load reading. c) After the load test is completed and the power is turned off, the stator winding resistance is immediately measured and used as the resistance value of each load point. 8.3 Correction of the torque reading 8.3.1 General When there is a bearing between the torque measuring equipment and the output shaft of the motor under test, there shall be friction loss in the bearing. The torque correction value Tc (N·m) can be obtained based on the friction loss and the torque reading can be corrected.9 No-Load Test9.1 General During the no-load test, there is no effective mechanical power output at the shaft end of the motor under test. The rotor winding of a wound rotor motor shall be short-circuited on the slip ring. 9.2 Test procedure The test shall be carried out in the hot state immediately after the completion of the thermal test and load test. If this is not feasible, the test data can also be read and recorded after the input power of the motor is stable, that is, the difference between two consecutive input power readings at interval of 30 min should be no greater than 3% of the previous reading. For water-air cooling motors, the water source shall be cut off immediately after the thermal test (or load test). During the inspection test, the no-load running time can be shortened appropriately, and P0, U0 and I0 can be measured at only one test point with the rated voltage value. The motor under test is applied with a variable voltage of rated frequency, and the following 8 voltage points are tested. --- Take 4 test points at approximately 110%, 100%, 95% and 90% of the rated voltage to determine the iron loss; --- Take 4 test points of about 60%, 50%, 40% and 30% of the rated voltage to determine the air friction loss. The tests shall be carried out as rapidly as possible in a sequence of gradually decreasing voltages. At each voltage point, measure P0, U0 and I0, and measure the winding temperature θ0 or end resistance R0 (if any) at the same time. When method A or method B is used to determine the efficiency, the R0 of each voltage point shall be determined, as in a) of this article; when other methods are used to determine the efficiency, the winding resistance value R0 of each voltage point shall be determined according to one of the following methods. There are several methods to determine the resistance value R0 of each voltage point as follows. a) Preset a temperature sensor in the stator winding, and determine its resistance value by measuring the temperature θ0 of the stator winding. That is, according to the proportional relationship between temperature and resistance, the resistance value of each voltage point can be determined by using the initial resistance and initial temperature of the winding measured before the start of the test and the measured temperature at each point. If θ0 is measured, the end resistance R0, in Ω, is calculated according to Formula (29). Where. R1 - Stator winding initial (cold state) end resistance, in Ω; θ1 - Stator winding temperature when measuring R1, in ℃. b) Immediately measure the stator winding resistance R0 before and after the no-load test. The stator winding resistance value of each intermediate test point shall be calculated and determined by interpolation method according to the linear relationship with the electric power P0.The starting point is the resistance value measured before and after the test. c) After the no-load test is completed and the power is turned off, the stator winding resistance is immediately measured and used as the resistance value of each voltage point. d) If the stator winding resistance is too low to be tested, the calculated value is allowed. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. 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