GB 51440-2021 English PDF
Basic dataStandard ID: GB 51440-2021 (GB51440-2021)Description (Translated English): (Cold storage construction and acceptance standards) Sector / Industry: National Standard Classification of Chinese Standard: P49 Word Count Estimation: 134,124 Issuing agency(ies): Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China; State Administration for Market Regulation GB 51440-2021: (Cold storage construction and acceptance standards)---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.1 General 1.0.1 This standard is formulated in order to make the cold storage construction and acceptance level meet the food refrigeration technology and hygienic requirements, promote technological progress, ensure project quality and safety, and improve economic benefits. 1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the new construction, expansion, expansion and maintenance of subcritical vapor compression direct refrigeration systems using ammonia, halogenated hydrocarbons and their mixtures, and carbon dioxide as refrigerants and indirect refrigeration systems using carbon dioxide and brine as refrigerants. Construction and acceptance of rebuilt food cold storage. 1.0.3 This standard should be used in conjunction with the current national standard "Unified Standard for Construction Quality Acceptance of Construction Engineering" GB 50300. 1.0.4 The construction and acceptance of the cold storage project shall not only implement the provisions of this standard, but also comply with the relevant current national standards. 2 terms 2.0.1 Cold store engineering An engineering entity formed through the construction of various cold storage buildings and their ancillary facilities and the installation of their supporting lines, pipelines, equipment, etc. 2.0.2 Cold store Storage buildings that use artificial refrigeration to cool down and have cold insulation functions, including warehouses, refrigeration machine rooms, transformer and distribution rooms, etc. 2.0.3 storehouse The main body of the cold storage building and its auxiliary rooms such as stairwells, elevator rooms, and halls. 2.0.4 hallway anteroom The passages set up for the entry and exit of goods in refrigerated rooms, freezers, cooling rooms, and freezing rooms are divided into temperature-controlled halls with artificial cooling and non-temperature-controlled halls without artificial cooling. 2.0.5 cold room A general term for rooms that use artificial refrigeration in cold storage, including cold storage rooms, ice storage rooms, cooling rooms, freezing rooms, temperature-controlled hallways, and temperature-controlled closed platforms. 2.0.6 cold storage room Room for storage of cooled processed products. 2.0.7 Refrigerating machine room The room where the refrigeration compressor unit and refrigeration auxiliary equipment are installed. 2.0.8 refrigeration system refrigerating system According to the refrigerating cycle, the machinery and equipment connected in sequence through pipeline sealing connection and filling with refrigerant, including the prime mover. 2.0.9 Assembly cold store The warehouse uses light composite sandwich panels such as metal surface insulation sandwich panels as thermal insulation and enclosure structures, and is a cold storage assembled on site. 2.0.10 double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels A self-supporting composite panel consisting of a bimetallic face and an insulating core bonded between the two metal faces. 2.0.11 Inspection inspection It is an activity to measure, inspect, test, etc. the characteristics and performance of the inspected item, and compare the results with the requirements stipulated in the standard to determine whether each performance of the item is qualified. 2.0.12 site inspection It is an activity to inspect the building materials, components, equipment and appliances entering the construction site according to the requirements of relevant standards, and to confirm whether their quality, specifications and models meet the requirements. 2.0.13 witness test evidence testing Under the witness of the project supervision (construction) unit, the construction unit randomly selects samples from the construction site in accordance with relevant regulations, and sends them to a testing agency with corresponding qualifications for inspection. 2.0.14 Repeat test After the building materials and equipment enter the construction site, on the basis of the appearance quality inspection and the verification of the quality certification documents to meet the requirements, according to the relevant regulations, samples are taken from the construction site and sent to the laboratory for inspection. 2.0.15 Inspection lot inspection lot A test object composed of a certain number of samples that is collected for sampling inspection under the same production conditions or in a prescribed manner. 2.0.16 acceptance The quality of construction projects is based on the self-inspection of the construction unit, organized by the responsible party for project quality acceptance, with the participation of relevant units of project construction, to conduct sampling inspections on the quality of inspection batches, sub-items, divisions, unit projects and their concealed projects. Review the technical documents, and confirm whether the project quality is qualified in written form according to the design documents and relevant standards. 2.0.17 dominant item Inspection items that play a decisive role in safety, energy saving, environmental protection and main functions in construction engineering. 2.0.18 general item Inspection items other than master control items. 2.0.19 quality of appearance The external quality and functional status of the project reflected by observation and necessary tests. 2.0.20 repair repair Renovation and other measures are taken for the construction quality that does not meet the standard requirements. 2.0.21 rework Measures such as replacement, re-making, and re-construction are taken for parts whose construction quality does not meet the standards. 3 basic rules3.0.1 The construction site should have technical documents such as construction organization design and construction technical plan reviewed and approved by the project technical leader; construction personnel should have received training and assessment suitable for the work they are engaged in. The construction site should have a sound quality management system, corresponding construction technical standards, construction quality inspection system and comprehensive construction quality level assessment and assessment system. 3.0.2 The construction unit should establish a corresponding management system and be equipped with necessary equipment, utensils and signs. Before the start of construction, the construction unit should formulate the construction site safety production and fire protection system and related emergency plans, and should formulate the corresponding construction site fire work approval procedures according to the large amount of flammable materials in the construction process of the cold storage project; In addition to meeting the above requirements, it should also meet the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Technical Specifications for Fire Safety at Construction Sites of Construction Engineering" GB 50720. 3.0.3 Before cold storage construction, the following documents should be available. 1 The engineering geological survey report and construction drawing design documents reviewed and approved by relevant units; 2 Records of technical disclosure (joint review of drawings) by the design unit to the construction unit according to the design documents of the construction drawings; 3 The construction organization design or construction scheme reviewed and approved by the supervision (construction) unit; 4 Necessary test data. 3.0.4 The construction of the cold storage project shall be carried out according to the design documents of the construction drawing. When it is necessary to modify the design, replace materials or adopt new materials, it shall be approved by the original design unit, and shall be confirmed by the supervision (construction) unit and relevant government supervision departments. 3.0.5 For the reconstruction and expansion of food cold storage projects, when the original building structure needs to be changed, identification and safety evaluation should be carried out. 3.0.6 The varieties, specifications, performance parameters and quality of materials and equipment used in the cold storage project shall meet the design requirements; the materials and equipment used in the cold storage project for storing food shall meet the relevant national food safety requirements; the equipment that is explicitly eliminated by the state shall not be used in the project and materials. 3.0.15 Unit project quality acceptance shall meet the following requirements. 1 The quality of the included sub-projects shall be checked and accepted; 2 Quality control data should be complete; 3 The inspection data on safety, energy saving, environmental protection and main functions of the included sub-projects shall be complete; 4 The spot check results of the main functions shall comply with the provisions of relevant professional acceptance specifications; 5 The visual quality should meet the requirements. 3.0.16 Before the trial operation of the cold storage is put into production, it is necessary to prevent the temperature from cooling down too quickly to cause cracks in the enclosure structure and the ground of the warehouse. The trial operation should gradually cool down. 1 During the trial operation of the civil cold storage, when the room temperature of the cold room is above 4°C, the daily temperature drop should not exceed 3°C; When the temperature is -4°C, the daily temperature drop should not exceed 2°C; when the room temperature drops below -4°C, the daily temperature drop should not exceed 3°C until the design temperature is reached; 2 During the trial operation of the prefabricated cold storage, when the room temperature of the cold room is above 4°C, the daily temperature drop should not exceed 5°C; When the temperature is below ℃, the daily cooling range is 4℃~5℃ until the design temperature is reached. 3.0.17 The following materials shall be provided during the acceptance of project construction quality. 1 Drawing joint review record, design change, negotiation record; 2 Equipment and raw material quality certificates, manuals and other technical documents and inspection (test) reports; 3 construction records; 4 Acceptance records of concealed works; 5 Concrete specimen piping, equipment system test report; 6 Sub-item and sub-project quality acceptance records; 7 As-built drawings and other relevant documents and records. 3.0.18 After the construction unit receives the project completion report, the project leader of the construction unit shall organize the project leaders of the supervision, construction, design, survey and other units to conduct unit project acceptance. 3.0.19 When the construction quality of the cold storage project does not meet the requirements, it shall be dealt with according to the following regulations. 1 The inspection batch that has been reworked or repaired shall be re-inspected; 2 The inspection batches that are identified to meet the design requirements shall be accepted; 3 Inspection batches that fail to meet the design requirements after appraisal, but can meet the safety and use functions after the calculation and approval of the original design unit, may be accepted; 4 Sub-items and sub-projects that have been repaired or strengthened can be accepted according to the requirements of the technical treatment plan and negotiation documents when they meet the safety and functional requirements. 3.0.20 Subdivision projects and unit projects that still cannot meet safety or important use requirements after repair or reinforcement treatment shall not be accepted.4 civil works4.1 Materials 4.1.1 In addition to meeting the design requirements, the cement used in the cold storage project should also meet the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Construction Quality Acceptance of Concrete Structure Engineering" GB 50204. 4.1.2 For the cold storage engineering structure with anti-seismic fortification requirements, the performance of the longitudinally stressed reinforcement should not only meet the design requirements, but also meet the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Construction Quality Acceptance of Concrete Structure Engineering" GB 50204. 4.1.3 When the cold storage project adopts the steel structure, the variety, specification and performance of the steel used shall meet the design requirements. Inspection Quantity. Full inspection. The inspection of this item is self-inspected according to the main control item. Inspection method. check the quality certification documents, Chinese signs and inspection reports, etc. 4.1.4 The variety, specifications and performance of wall materials used in cold storage projects shall meet the design requirements and the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Masonry Structures" GB 50003; cold rooms shall use wall materials with qualified frost resistance, masonry The materials should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Cold Storage Design Standard" GB 50072. Sampling inspection quantity. for each manufacturer, every 150,000 pieces of sintered ordinary bricks and concrete solid bricks, and every 100,000 pieces of sintered porous bricks, concrete porous bricks, autoclaved lime-sand bricks and autoclaved fly ash bricks shall be an inspection lot, If the quantity is less than the above, it shall be counted as one batch, and the random inspection quantity shall be 1 group. The inspection of this item shall be inspected according to the main control item. Inspection method. check the test reports of masonry materials and mortar test blocks. 4.1.5 The quality of coarse and fine aggregates used in ordinary concrete for cold storage projects shall comply with the current industry standards "Quality Standards and Inspection Methods for Crushed Stones or Pebbles for Ordinary Concrete" JGJ53, "Quality Standards for Sand and Stones for Ordinary Concrete and Inspection Methods" Relevant provisions of JGJ52. Quantity for inspection. Determined according to the sampling inspection plan for incoming batches and products. This inspection is carried out according to general items. Inspection method. check the entry re-inspection report. 4.1.6 The sand used for mortar in the cold storage project should be sieved sand, and should meet the following regulations. 1 It should not be mixed with grass roots, leaves, branches, plastic, coal, slag and other sundries; 2 The mud content, mud block content, stone powder content, mica, light matter, organic matter, sulfide, sulfate and chloride salt content in the sand should meet the current industry standard "Sand and Stone Quality and Inspection Method Standard for Ordinary Concrete" JGJ52 The relevant provisions; 4.2.9 The concrete structure whose formwork and its supports have been removed shall be able to bear all the service loads after the concrete strength meets the requirements of the design concrete strength grade; when the effect of the construction load is more unfavorable than the effect of the service load, Should go through accounting, add temporary support. 4.3 Reinforcement works 4.3.1 The reinforcement material in the concrete structure shall comply with the relevant requirements in section 4.1 of this standard. 4.3.2 The construction and acceptance of reinforcement works shall not only comply with the provisions of this standard, but also comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Construction Quality Acceptance of Concrete Structure Engineering GB 50204". 4.3.3 When steel bars are installed, the grades, specifications and quantities of stressed steel bars must meet the design requirements. 4.3.4 For the lower concrete structure of the cold storage with a design service life of 50 years, the minimum thickness of the concrete protective layer of the outermost steel bar shall meet the design requirements; when there is no specific requirement in the design, it shall comply with the provisions in Table 4.3.4. Table 4.3.4 Minimum thickness of concrete cover (mm) Note. When the concrete strength grade is not greater than C25, the value of the protective layer thickness in the table should be increased by 5mm. 4.3.5 The steel bar should be straight and free from local bending. The surface of steel bars should be clean, free from damage and cracks. Oil, paint and rust should be removed before use. Steel bars with granular or flaky old rust shall not be used. 4.3.6 The outer protective layer of steel bars should be provided with cement mortar pads or concrete pads for 4.3.7 When the lightning protection grounding down conductor is welded and connected with steel bars, it shall comply with the construction regulations of the electrical profession. 4.3.8 When construction personnel walk or place heavy objects on the laid steel grid frame, they should ensure that the steel grid is not deformed or displaced. 4.4 Concrete works 4.4.1 The main building materials used in concrete works shall meet the relevant requirements in Section 4.1 of this standard, and shall meet the following requirements. 1 The cement used for the concrete in the cold room shall meet the design requirements; different types of cement shall not be mixed, and two or more types of cement shall not be used for the same component; the strength grade of the cement used shall not be less than 42.5; 2 The selection of cement for concrete in working environments with temperatures below -40°C should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Technical Specifications for Concrete Application in Low-Temperature Environments" GB 51081; 3 Concrete in a working environment with a temperature below -40°C shall not be mixed with sea sand, sea water or reclaimed water; 4 The use of concrete admixtures and admixtures in working environments with a temperature below -40°C should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Technical Specifications for Concrete Application in Low Temperature Environments" GB 51081. 4.4.2 The construction and acceptance of concrete works shall not only comply with the provisions of this standard, but also comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Construction Quality Acceptance of Concrete Structure Engineering" GB 50204. 4.4.3 For the concrete structure of cold storage engineering with a design service life of 50 years, the basic requirements for the durability of structural concrete materials should meet the requirements in Table 4.4.3. Table 4.4.3 Basic durability requirements of structural concrete materials Note. 1 Chloride ion content refers to its percentage in the total amount of cementitious materials. 2.The water-binder ratio and minimum strength level requirements of plain concrete components can be relaxed appropriately. 3 When there is reliable engineering experience, the minimum concrete strength grade in the second environment can be reduced by one grade. 4 Air-entraining agents should be used for concrete in 2b and 3a environments such as cold room below 0℃, salt water ice room, etc., and the relevant parameters in brackets can be used. 5 When non-alkali reactive aggregates are used. There is no limit to the alkali content in concrete. 4.4.4 Concrete should be mixed with a forced mixer, and the mixing time should not be less than 60 seconds after all materials are delivered. 4.4.5 No water shall be added to the concrete during transportation and pouring. 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