DL/T 884-2019 English PDFUS$459.00 · In stock
Delivery: <= 4 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. DL/T 884-2019: Power plant metallography inspection and assessment guideline Status: Valid DL/T 884: Historical versions
Basic dataStandard ID: DL/T 884-2019 (DL/T884-2019)Description (Translated English): Power plant metallography inspection and assessment guideline Sector / Industry: Electricity & Power Industry Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: F24 Word Count Estimation: 20,235 Date of Issue: 2019-06-04 Date of Implementation: 2019-10-01 Older Standard (superseded by this standard): DL/T 884-2004 Regulation (derived from): Natural Resources Department Announcement No. 7 of 2019 Issuing agency(ies): National Energy Administration DL/T 884-2019: Power plant metallography inspection and assessment guideline---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.Power plant metallography inspection and assessment guideline ICS 27.100 F 24 People's Republic of China Electric Power Industry Standard Replace DL/T 884-2004 Technical Guidelines for Metallographic Inspection and Evaluation of Thermal Power Plants 2019-06-04 released 2019-10-01 implementation Issued by National Energy Administration Table of contentsForeword...II 1 Scope...1 2 Normative references...1 3 Terms and definitions...2 4 General requirements...2 5 Macro Metallographic Inspection...2 6 Microscopic Metallographic Inspection...3 7 Analysis and Evaluation...6 8 Records and reports...10 Appendix A (informative appendix) commonly used low-power etchants...11 Appendix B (informative appendix) commonly used sandpaper, polishing abrasives and their use...12 Appendix C (informative appendix) commonly used chemical etching reagents for microstructure...14 Appendix D (informative appendix) on-site metallographic preparation...16 Appendix E (informative appendix) Preparation and use of metallographic complex materials...18 Appendix F (Informative Appendix) Color Metallographic Method...19ForewordThis standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Part 1.Standard Structure and Compilation". Compared with DL/T 884-2004 "Technical Guidelines for Metallographic Inspection and Evaluation of Thermal Power Plants", this standard has major technical changes except for editorial changes. Change as follows. -Made some adjustments in the content and arrangement of chapters; -Added the interpretation and definition of the terms "microstructure aging" and "metallographic complex"; --- Increase the macroscopic grain size inspection method and evaluation, and macroscopic defect evaluation of welded joints in the macroscopic structure inspection; -Delete the contents of the "General Guidelines and Requirements" section and re-formulate the contents of the new "General Requirements" clauses; --Added microscopic inspection and analysis. polished state inspection morphology characteristics, post-etching inspection organization and morphology characteristics, image acquisition, quantification Metallographic survey items, etc.; - Delete the entire content of "4.3 Quantitative Metallographic Method" (4.3.1 Image Analyzer, 4.3.2 Main Measurement Parameters, 4.3.3 Grain Size Measurement Fixed), adding the content of measurement and analysis using image analysis software; --Delete "Embritishment Analysis" and "Creep Hole Damage Rating" in the "Qualitative Analysis" section of the "Power Plant Metallographic Analysis" chapter, and "Definite The whole content of "Quantity Analysis"; --Add the general rules of microstructure aging assessment); --Add all levels of groups for bainite microstructure aging evaluation, martensite microstructure aging evaluation, and austenite microstructure aging evaluation Texture aging characteristics; -Delete the original Appendices B T91 steel structure aging assessment grade chart and appendix steel creep damage assessment grade chart; --Commonly used low-magnification etchants as Appendix A, adding low-magnification etchants for cast aluminum alloy and deformed aluminum alloy; --Chemical etching reagents commonly used in microstructure are listed as Appendix C, and 9-12% Cr steel and other materials are added to show δ ferrite, 700 ℃ electricity Chemical etching agent for the microstructure, austenite structure of nickel-based and nickel-iron-based superalloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, copper and copper alloys for station use; --- Added Appendix E. Preparation and use of metallographic complex materials; -Added Chapter 8 Records and Reports. This standard was proposed by the China Electricity Council. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Power Station Metal Materials Standardization Technical Committee. Drafting organizations of this standard. Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Thermal Power Research Institute of China Datang Group Science and Technology Research Institute, North China Electric Power Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Research Institute, China Datang Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Central China Branch, Zhejiang Zheneng Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard. Wang Caixia, Jia Jianmin, Cai Wenhe, Zhang Bing, Song Li, Li Xichao, Wang Zhichun, Lou Yumin, He Xipeng, Ma Hong, Liu Shutao, Dong Shuqing, and Ju Guangyu. This standard was first issued on June 1,.2004, and this is the first revision. This standard replaces DL/T 884-2004 "Technical Guidelines for Metallographic Inspection and Evaluation of Thermal Power Plants" from the date of implementation. The opinions or suggestions during the implementation of this standard are fed back to the Standardization Management Center of the China Electricity Council (Baiguang Road, Beijing No. 100761). Technical Guidelines for Metallographic Inspection and Evaluation of Thermal Power Plants1 ScopeThis standard specifies the basic requirements, main operating steps, basic processes and evaluation standards for the metallographic inspection of thermal power plant components. This standard applies to the metallographic inspection and evaluation of high-temperature components in thermal power plants. The metallographic inspection and evaluation of other metal parts can refer to this standard. Row.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated reference documents, only the dated version applies to this document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 224 Steel Decarburization Depth Measurement Method GB/T 226 Steel Macrostructure and Defect Inspection Method GB/T 1979 Structural steel macrostructure defect rating chart GB/T 4236 Steel Sulfur Mark Inspection Method GB/T 6462 Metal and oxide coating thickness measurement microscope method GB/T 6394 Method for determination of average grain size of metals GB/T 10121 Steel tower-shaped hairline magnetic particle inspection method GB/T 10561 Determination of the content of non-metallic inclusions in steel, grading chart, microscopic inspection method GB/T 13298 Metal Microstructure Inspection Method GB/T 13299 Steel Microstructure Evaluation Method GB/T 13305 Metallographic determination of α-phase area content in stainless steel GB/T 15711 Test Tower Shaped Hairline Acid Leaching Method for Non-metallic Inclusions in Steel GB/T 15749 Quantitative Metallographic Determination Method GB/T 20410 Steel for high temperature bolts of turbines DL/T 439 Technical Guidelines for High Temperature Fasteners in Thermal Power Plants DL/T 674 No. 20 steel pearlite spheroidization rating standard for thermal power plants DL/T 773 12Cr1MoV steel spheroidization rating standard for thermal power plants DL/T 786 Carbon steel graphitization inspection and rating standard DL/T 787 15CrMo steel pearlite spheroidization rating standard for thermal power plants DL/T 999 2.25Cr-1Mo steel spheroidization rating standard for power station DL/T 1422 18Cr-8Ni series austenitic stainless steel boiler tube microstructure aging rating standard DL/T 1603 Austenitic stainless steel boiler tube inner wall shot blasting quality inspection and acceptance technical conditions3 Terms and definitionsThe following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1 Microstructure aging When steel is operated for a long time under certain high temperature conditions, its microstructure gradually disperses, its orientation gradually disappears, alloy elements migrate, carbides precipitate and aggregate It gathers, grows, and gradually assumes a spherical shape, tends to be evenly distributed in the crystal (inside the slats), and slowly gathers at the grain boundary (the gap between the slats), and is in a chain The process of shape distribution. These changes in the microstructure reduce the performance of materials and reduce the safety of parts. 3.2 Metallographic surface replica A method of copying the microstructure with the prefabricated replica material and the metal surface.4 General requirements4.1 The metallographic inspection personnel shall undergo corresponding professional skills training and have the ability of metallographic inspection and evaluation. 4.2 The micrometer scale of the metallurgical microscope should be verified according to the measurement requirements, and within the validity period; the eyepiece scale and the microscope equipped with image analysis software Mirror, the scale and the system scale of the image analysis software need to be verified and calibrated regularly. The portable metallurgical microscope used for field observation should meet Observe the requirement of clear image. 4.3 The metallographic samples should be representative, and the sample interception (including the interception direction, position, quantity) should be based on the metal manufacturing method, inspection purpose, Relevant standards or the provisions of the mutual agreement. 4.4 Where sampling is difficult or unsuitable, and where sampling will affect the integrity of components, on-site metallographic inspection or metallographic replication should be used Method for testing. During on-site inspection, the impact of vibration, dust, temperature, humidity and other environmental factors on the inspection results should be minimized. 4.5 Samples and replica samples should be kept clean and dry. Samples to be retained should be placed in a drying dish after observation and analysis for proper preservation and records. 4.6 Metallographic inspection personnel should master relevant safety protection knowledge and have safety protection awareness to prevent personal injury caused by sample preparation equipment and hazardous chemicals. Hazards; should master relevant environmental protection knowledge, comply with relevant national laws and regulations, and avoid environmental pollution caused by hazardous chemicals.5 Macroscopic metallographic inspection5.1 Macroscopic grain size inspection 5.1.1 Grinding, polishing and etching of the sample shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 13298. 5.2 Microstructure inspection 5.2.1 Macrostructure inspection is used to check the macroscopic quality of metal materials, assess macroscopic defects, and distinguish dendrites, welded areas, segregation, porosity, and macroscopic View coarse crystals and so on. 5.2.2 Grind the test surface of the sample with No. 400 ~ No. 600 sandpaper, and then etch it. Commonly used etching methods include hot acid attack, cold acid attack and electrolytic corrosion For the etching method, see Appendix A for the commonly used macrostructure etchant, and the specific operation should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 226. 5.2.3 The evaluation of macrostructure defects of structural steel shall be in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 1979, the requirements of GB/T 20410 for macrostructure evaluation of bolts, and the 5.3 The hairline inspection adopts tower-shaped turning specimens, which shall be inspected by acid etching method or magnetic flaw detection method. The specific requirements shall be in accordance with GB/T 15711 or GB/T 10121. Seek execution. 5.4 The sulfur mark inspection shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 4236.Glossy printing paper impregnated with 2%-10% sulfuric acid aqueous solution, close to the finely ground steel Check the section for 2min～5min, then peel it off, fix, wash and dry to get the sulfur mark. According to the size and number of brown spots on the photo paper, The shape, distribution state, and color depth can be used to assess the distribution and concentration of sulfur.6 Microscopic metallographic inspection6.1 Sample preparation 6.1.1 The metallographic sample is required to be able to characterize the characteristics of the material itself, and at the same time, it requires a clear structure and a smooth edge. It is not allowed to be cited due to improper preparation methods. Defects such as phase change, deformation, peeling, scratches, and blurring. 6.1.2 Sample preparation 6.1.2.1 The preparation of metallographic samples shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T 13298. 6.1.2.2 Refer to Appendix B for commonly used sandpaper, polishing abrasives and their use, and refer to Appendix C for commonly used chemical etching reagents for microstructure. 6.1.2.3 The samples should be cleaned between each sandpaper grinding process and after polishing. The etched metallographic surface should be dried quickly after thorough cleaning. 6.1.3 On-site sample preparation 6.1.3.1 Preparation On-site metallographic equipment and supplies are shown in Appendix D.1, and polishing and preparation are shown in Appendix D.2. 6.1.3.2 Inspection location It should be selected where the operating temperature is high, the stress is high, the component damage is serious or the defect is prone to It is recommended to select the inspection site. 6.1.3.3 Grinding 6.1.3.3.1 Smoothing Use an electric angle grinder equipped with a grinding wheel to thoroughly remove the oxide scale, rust, and decarburized layer of the inspected part, requiring a relatively flat surface. The grinding depth should ensure that the remaining thickness of the part is not less than the minimum required wall thickness of the part. 6.1.3.3.2 Polishing Use sandpaper to polish in order from coarse to fine, and change the direction after each sandpaper is polished. The difference in particle size of each sandpaper should be between 100-200. Until all scratches and deformed layers are completely removed. 6.1.3.4 Polishing Polishing can use mechanical polishing, chemical polishing, electrolytic polishing and other methods. a) During mechanical polishing, the polishing paste is polished from coarse to fine, changing the direction after each polishing, and polishing for 2 to 3 passes until it meets the requirements. Last one The particle size of the polishing paste should be 2.5μm or 1μm. The final polishing direction of the weld should be perpendicular to the weld fusion line. b) During chemical polishing, select a chemical polishing reagent suitable for the material, and continue to wipe the surface of the sample repeatedly until it meets the requirements. Polishing time It should not be too long to avoid the appearance of pits. Common chemical polishing reagents are shown in the attached table D.1. c) When electropolishing, choose electropolishing reagent, current, voltage and polishing time suitable for the material. Common electrolytic polishing reagents see the attached table D.2. d) After polishing, the polishing surface should be thoroughly cleaned, and there should be no water stains and pollutants remaining. 6.1.3.5 Erosion 6.1.3.5.1 The etching agent and etching method of the on-site metallographic samples are the same as those of the sampled samples. The on-site re-etching time should consider the influence of environmental factors. The degree of eclipse should be slightly deeper. 6.1.3.5.2 After etching, clean and blow dry the etched surface to avoid water stains and pollutants. Should be able to observe a clear group with a portable metallurgical microscope Texture morphology. 6.1.4 Duplicate 6.1.4.1 See Appendix E for the preparation and use of metallographic complex materials. 6.1.4.2 Thoroughly clean the etched surface with a solvent before replicating, use a dropper to drop an appropriate amount of solvent on the surface of the prepared replica sample, and remove the AC paper (or organic Cover the surface of the sample flatly with a glass sheet, and apply proper pressure with your thumb to squeeze out the bubbles in the replica to make it fit tightly. If the part Or the ambient temperature is too high, and methanol solvents with low volatility can be used. 6.1.4.3 After the replica material is dried, peel off from one corner to get the metallographic replica (sheet). 6.1.4.4 The replica samples should be properly stored in time. The plexiglass replicas should be wrapped in lens paper or sandwiched between clean papers; AC paper replicas should be used Use double-sided tape to paste the back of the complex film on the marked glass slide, cover it with sealing paper and flatten it, clamp it with another glass slide, and tie it tightly with a rubber band. 6.1.4.5 The duplicate samples shall be uniquely identified. 6.1.5 Color metallographic method Color metallography can be dyed by chemical dyeing method, constant potential method, and thermal oxidation method. See Appendix F for details. 6.2 Microscopic observation and inspection 6.2.1 Selection of metallurgical microscope observation methods (brightfield illumination, darkfield illumination, polarized light illumination, differential interference contrast adjustment prism), color filter types For class selection, aperture diaphragm adjustment, field diaphragm adjustment, light source adjustment, etc., please refer to GB/T 13298 requirements and instrument instructions. 6.2.2 Observe, inspect and analyze the prepared sample/replica under a metallographic microscope with a suitable magnification. Generally use 50 times to 100 times Observe the entire sample and observe the details at high magnification. 6.2.3 The following morphological feature inspections should be carried out in the polished state. a) Micro cracks, voids, etc.; b) Oxide scale morphology and thickness; c) Creep holes; d) Corrosion pits on the inner and outer walls; e) Evaluation of non-metallic inclusions; f) Graphitization inspection; g) Coating and plating thickness. 6.2.4 The following organization and morphological feature inspections should be carried out after etching. a) Evaluation of matrix microstructure and its spheroidization and aging; b) Free cementite, low carbon deformation pearlite, band structure, Widmanstatten structure, δ ferrite, α-phase in stainless steel and other intermetallic compounds Things c) Creep holes, deformed layers, coatings, coatings, infiltration layers, oxide scales, corrosion pits, microcracks Mixed crystal crack) etc.; d) Graphitization inspection; e) Decarburization layer and shot peening layer inspection; f) Grain size; g) Microstructure of welded joints. 6.2.5 Image acquisition a) Choose an appropriate magnification according to the requirements of the inspection area or microstructure characteristics, and add a scale with obvious contrast to the collected images; b) On-site metallography can directly observe and collect images with a portable metallographic microscope on the etched inspection surface, and the images should clearly show the tissue characteristics. 6.3 Quantitative metallographic analysis 6.3.1 Quantitative metallographic determination can refer to the requirements of GB/T 15749. 6.3.2 A representative field of view should be selected during measurement. The measurement field/position depends on the uniformity of the object to be measured, generally no less than five fields/positions, Take the average value as the measurement result. 6.3.3 When using image analysis software for quantitative metallographic analysis, it should be determined under the actual magnification. 6.3.4 Th......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of DL/T 884-2019_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate DL/T 884-2019_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 2 ~ 4 working days. The lengthier the document the longer the lead time.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of DL/T 884-2019_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. The purchased PDF of DL/T 884-2019_English will be deemed to be sold to your employer/organization who actually pays for it, including your colleagues and your employer's intranet.Question 3: Does the price include tax/VAT?Answer: Yes. Our tax invoice, downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, includes all tax/VAT and complies with 100+ countries' tax regulations (tax exempted in 100+ countries) -- See Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreements (DTAs): List of DTAs signed between Singapore and 100+ countriesQuestion 4: Do you accept my currency other than USD?Answer: Yes. If you need your currency to be printed on the invoice, please write an email to Sales@ChineseStandard.net. In 2 working-hours, we will create a special link for you to pay in any currencies. Otherwise, follow the normal steps: Add to Cart -- Checkout -- Select your currency to pay.Question 5: Should I purchase the latest version DL/T 884-2019?Answer: Yes. Unless special scenarios such as technical constraints or academic study, you should always prioritize to purchase the latest version DL/T 884-2019 even if the enforcement date is in future. Complying with the latest version means that, by default, it also complies with all the earlier versions, technically. |
