PDF GB/T 26174-2023 English (GB/T 26174-2010: Older version)
Search result: GB/T 26174-2023 (GB/T 26174-2010 Older version)
| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 26174-2023 | English | 470 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery.
|
Kitchen towel
| Valid |
| GB/T 26174-2010 | English | 479 |
Add to Cart
|
3 days
|
Kitchen towel
| Obsolete |
PDF Preview: GB/T 26174-2023
GB/T 26174-2023: PDF in English (GBT 26174-2023) GB/T 26174-2023
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 85.060
CCS Y 32
Replacing GB/T 26174-2010
Kitchen towel
厨 房 纸 巾
ISSUED ON. AUGUST 6, 2023
IMPLEMENTED ON. SEPTEMBER 1, 2024
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative references... 5
3 Terms and definitions... 6
4 Classification... 7
5 Raw material requirements... 7
6 Technical requirements... 7
7 Test methods... 10
8 Inspection rules... 13
9 Marking and packaging... 17
10 Transportation and storage... 18
Appendix A (Normative) Test method of water absorption time... 19
Appendix B (Normative) Determination of powder drop rate... 21
Appendix C (Normative) Determination of decolorization performance... 23
Appendix D (Normative) List of decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amines... 25
Appendix E (Normative) Determination of microorganisms... 26
Kitchen towel
1 Scope
This document specifies the classification, raw material requirements, technical
requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation, and
storage of kitchen towels.
This document is applicable to paper towels used for kitchen wiping, cleaning, etc.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain the provisions which, through normative reference in
this document, constitute the essential provisions of this document. For the dated
referenced documents, only the versions with the indicated dates are applicable to this
document; for the undated referenced documents, only the latest version (including all
the amendments) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 450 Paper and board - Sampling for testing and identification of machine and
cross direction, wire side and felt side
GB/T 451.1 Paper and board - Determination of size and deviation
GB/T 462 Paper, board and pulps - Determination of moisture content of analytical
sample
GB/T 742 Fibrous raw material, pulp, paper and board - Determination of
residue(ash) on ignition at 575 ℃ and 900 ℃
GB/T 1535 Soya bean oil
GB/T 1541 Paper and board - Determination of dirt
GB/T 2828.1 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1.Sampling
schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
GB/T 6682 Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods
GB/T 7974 Paper, board and pulps - Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor
- D65 brightness (Diff/Geometry, Outdoor daylight conditions)
GB/T 10739 Paper, board and pulps - Standard atmosphere for conditioning and
testing
GB/T 17592 Textiles - Determination of the banned azo colourants
GB/T 23344 Textiles - Determination of 4-aminoazobenzene
GB/T 24328.3 Tissue paper and tissue products - Part 3.Determination of tensile
strength, stretch at maximum force and tensile energy absorption
GB/T 24328.4-2020 Tissue paper and tissue products - Part 4.Determination of
wet tensile strength
GB/T 24328.5 Tissue paper and tissue products - Part 5.Determination of
grammage
GB/T 24328.6 Tissue paper and tissue products - Part 6.Determination of water-
absorption time and water-absorption capacity - Basket-immersion test method
GB/T 24991 Paper, board and pulps - Determination of lead content - Graphite
furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method
GB/T 24992 Paper, board and pulps - Determination of arsenic
GB/T 27741-2018 Paper and board - Determination of migratable fluorescent
whitening agents
GB 31604.49-2016 National food safety standard - Food contact materials and
products - Determination of arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead and
determination of migration of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lead, antimony
and zinc
GB/T 36420 Tissue paper and products - Safety assessment management system of
chemicals and materials
GB/T 37859 Paper, board and paper products - Determination of acrylamide
JJF 1070-2005 Rules of metrological testing for net quantity of products in
prepackages with fixed content
QB/T 5742 Natural color pulp
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this document.
3.1 kitchen towel from plant fiber
Kitchen towels produced from native plant fibers.
6.6 The paper surface of kitchen towels shall be clean, and there shall be no obvious
dead wrinkles, broken, damage, sand, hard lumps, raw pulp clumps, or other paper
defects.
6.7 The net content (mass, length, quantity) of kitchen towels shall comply with the
provisions of Table 3 in JJF 1070-2005.
7 Test methods
7.1 Sampling and processing of specimens
The sampling shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 450.When determining
grammage, water absorption time, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity,
transverse tensile strength, and longitudinal wet tensile strength, the specimen
processing and standard atmospheric conditions for testing shall be in accordance with
the provisions of GB/T 10739.
7.2 Grammage
Grammage determination is carried out according to GB/T 24328.5, and the result is
expressed as a single layer.
7.3 D65 brightness
D65 brightness is measured according to GB/T 7974.
7.4 Water absorption time
The water absorption time is measured according to Appendix A.
7.5 Water absorption capacity
The water absorption capacity is measured according to GB/T 24328.6.
7.6 Oil absorption capacity
The oil absorption capacity is measured according to GB/T 24328.6; the first-grade
soybean oil that complies with GB/T 1535 is used instead of the standard water for
testing, and the draining time is (120±2) s.
7.7 Transverse tensile strength
The transverse tensile strength is measured according to GB/T 24328.3 and measured
according to the finished product layer. The width of the specimen is (50.0±0.5) mm or
(15.0±0.1) mm. The width of the specimen during arbitration is (50.0±0.5) mm.
7.8 Longitudinal wet tensile strength
For kitchen towels from plant fiber, the samples need to be subjected to accelerated
aging (maturation) treatment before testing. The processing temperature is (105±2) °C
and the time is 15 minutes; kitchen towels from other fibers do not need to undergo
accelerated aging (maturation) treatment. Then it is measured according to GB/T
24328.4-2020 with the finished product layer; a horizontal tensile strength tester is used,
and the immersion time is 5 seconds.
7.9 Powder drop rate
The powder drop rate is measured according to Appendix B.
7.10 Holes
Hold the two corners of the specimen (finished product layer) with both hands and
observe with the naked eye against the light. If holes are found, use a steel ruler to
measure the maximum size of the holes. The area of the specimen (finished product
layer) measured for each sample shall be no less than 0.5 m2 and then converted into
the number of holes per square meter (finished product layer). If there are holes larger
than 5 mm, at least 1 m2 of the specimen shall be measured.
7.11 Dirt count
The dirt count is measured according to GB/T 1541 and measured according to the
finished product layer. That is, regardless of whether the product is a single layer,
double layer, or multi-layer, take at least 0.25 m2 finished product layer specimen,
measure the dirt count on both sides of the finished product layer, and then convert it
into dirt count per square meter (finished product layer). Fiber bundle impurities in
natural color kitchen towels are not counted as dirt.
7.12 Ash
The ash is measured according to GB/T 742, the ignition temperature is 575 ℃, and the
ignition time is 4 h.
7.13 Delivery moisture
The delivery moisture content is measured according to GB/T 462.
7.14 Migratable fluorescent substances
Place the specimen under an ultraviolet lamp and check whether there is fluorescence
under ultraviolet light at wavelengths 254 nm and 365 nm. If the specimen has no
fluorescence under UV light, the result is that there is no migratable fluorescent
substance; if the specimen has fluorescence, the migratable fluorescent substance shall
be measured in accordance with Chapter 5 of GB/T 27741-2018.
7.15 Acrylamide
Acrylamide is measured according to GB/T 37859.
7.16 Decolorization performance
Decolorization performance is measured according to Appendix C.
7.17 Heavy metals (lead, arsenic)
Lead and arsenic are measured according to the first part of GB 31604.49-2016.The
lead content can also be determined according to GB/T 24991, and the arsenic content
can be determined according to GB/T 24992.For arbitration, they shall be measured
according to the first part of GB 31604.49-2016.When testing, try to take samples from
darker areas of printing or dyeing.
7.18 Decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes
Decomposable carcinogenic aromatic amine dyes are measured in accordance with
GB/T 17592 and GB/T 23344, and the list of decomposable carcinogenic aromatic
amines is in Appendix D. Generally, it is tested according to GB/T 17592 first. When
aniline and/or 1,4-phenylenediamine are detected, it is tested according to GB/T 23344.
When testing, try to take samples from darker areas of printing or dyeing.
7.19 Microbiological indicators
Microbiological indicators are determined according to Appendix E.
7.20 Dimensional deviation
7.20.1 Width deviation of roll and jumbo roll kitchen towels
Take 3 complete specimens from each sample, measure the width of each specimen
(reel) with a steel ruler or steel tape measure with a graduation value of 1 mm, and
subtract the nominal width from the average width of the 3 specimens to express the
width deviation; the results are rounded to 1 mm.
7.20.2 Pitch deviation of roll and jumbo roll kitchen towels
Take any 1 roll (jumbo roll) of kitchen towels. After removing the first 5 sections, take
10 sections in succession, and use a steel ruler with a graduation value of 1 mm to
measure the length of each of the 10 sections. Calculate the average value and subtract
the nominal pitch from the average value to express the pitch deviation of the specimen;
the results are rounded to 1 mm.
damaged and shall not be opened before testing.
8.4 Judgment rules
8.4.1 Judgment of items
8.4.1.1 Technical indicators
If the technical indicators of the sample meet the requirements of 6.1 or 6.2 respectively,
the items will be judged to be qualified, otherwise, they will be judged to be unqualified.
8.4.1.2 Chemical performance indicators
If the chemical performance indicators of the sample meet the requirements of 6.3
respectively, the items will be judged to be qualified, otherwise, they will be judged to
be unqualified.
8.4.1.3 Microbiological indicators
If the microbiological indicators of the sample meet the requirements of 6.4, the items
will be judged as qualified, otherwise, they will be judged as unqualified.
8.4.1.4 Dimensional deviation and deviation
If the dimensional deviation and deviation of the sample meet the requirements of 6.5,
the items will be judged to be qualified, otherwise, they will be judged to be unqualified.
8.4.1.5 Appearance quality
If the appearance quality of the sample meets the requirements of 6.6, the item will be
judged to be qualified, otherwise, it will be judged to be unqualified.
8.4.1.6 Net content
If the net content of the sample meets the requirements of 6.7, the item will be judged
to be qualified, otherwise, it will be judged to be unqualified.
8.4.2 Judgment of batches
Among all inspection items, if the microbiological indicator test results are unqualified,
the batch will be judged to be unqualified; for technical indicators, chemical
performance indicators, dimensional deviation, deviation, appearance quality, and net
content, the number of samples for the first inspection shall be equal to the first sample
size given in the plan. If the number of non-conforming products found in the first
sample size is less than or equal to the first acceptance number in Table 6, the batch is
judged to be qualified; if the number of non-conforming products found in the first
sample size is greater than or equal to the first rejection number in Table 6, the batch is
Appendix E
(Normative)
Determination of microorganisms
E.1 Product collection and sample processing
E.1.1 Take at least 6 minimum sales package samples from 3 transport packages of the
same batch number (if the number of samples cannot meet the experimental
requirements, the number of samples shall be increased accordingly), of which 1/3
samples are used for testing, 2/3 samples are used as retained samples. The minimum
sales package sampled shall not be damaged and shall not be opened before inspection.
E.1.2 Use aseptic methods to open at least 2 packages for testing under purification
conditions of level-5 air cleanliness, take samples from each package, and accurately
weigh 10 g±1 g of the sample. Cut the sample into pieces, add 200 mL of sterilized
saline or modified broth culture solution (MLTBL, containing neutralizer), and mix
thoroughly to obtain a saline or neutralizer sample solution.
E.1.3 If the tested sample has an antibacterial effect, a suitable neutralizing agent shall
be selected for neutralization, and the maximum dilution gradient shall not exceed
1.100.If there is no corresponding neutralizer, the membrane filtration method is used
to remove the effect of antibacterial components in the sample on the growth of
microorganisms, and then the sample solution is prepared according to E.1.2.
E.2 Detection method of the total number of bacterial colonies
E.2.1 Operation steps
After the saline or neutralizer sample solution obtained according to E.1 has naturally
settled, take the supernatant and perform a 10-fold serial dilution if necessary. Select
the appropriate dilution for colony counting. Inoculate a total of 2 plates, add 2.0 mL of
sample solution to each plate, and then pour 15 mL~20 mL of molten nutrient agar
medium cooled to 40 °C~45 °C into each plate and mix evenly. After the agar solidifies,
turn the plates over and place them at 36 °C±1 °C to culture for 48 hours, and count the
number of colonies on the plates.
E.2.2 Colony counting
Plates with colonies growing in sheets should not be used. Make sure that the two plates
meet the counting requirements and count the colonies. Calculate the results according
to formula (E.1).
morphology on the plate. Typical coliform colonies are black-purple or red-purple,
round, with neat edges, smooth and moist surfaces, and often have a metallic luster.
Some are purple-black with no or slightly metallic luster, or pink with a darker center.
E.3.1.3 Staining microscopy and identification. Take 1~2 suspected bacterial colonies
for Gram staining microscopic examination, inoculate lactose fermentation tubes at the
same time, culture them at 36 °C±1 °C for 18 h~24 h, and observe the acid and gas
production.
E.3.2 Result reporting
If the lactose and bile salt fermentation tube produces acid and gas, the lactose
fermentation tube produces acid and gas, and there are typical coliform colonies on the
eosin methylene blue plate, and the Gram stain is negative and contains no bacilli, the
sample can be reported as coliform detected.
E.4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa detection method
E.4.1 Operation steps
E.4.1.1 Enrichment culture. Take 5 mL of sample solution, add it to 50 mL of SCDLP
culture solution, mix thoroughly, and place at 36 °C±1 °C for 18 h~24 h. If
Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows, a thin bacterial film will appear on the surface of the
culture solution, and the culture solution will often appear yellow-green or blue-green.
E.4.1.2 The isolation culture steps are as follows.
a) Pick the culture from the thin bacterial film of the culture solution, streak-
inoculate the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide agar plate, culture it at
36 ℃±1 ℃ for 18 h~24 h, and observe the colony characteristics.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows well on this culture medium. The colonies are
flat with uneven edges, and the culture medium around the colonies is slightly
pink.
b) In the absence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide agar, acetamide culture
medium can also be used for isolation. streak-inoculate the bacterial
suspension on a plate and culture it at 36 ℃±1 ℃ for 18 h~24 h to observe the
colony characteristics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows well on this culture
medium. The colonies are flat with uneven edges, and the culture medium
around the colonies is slightly pink.
E.4.1.3 Staining microscopy. Take a smear of suspicious colonies from the
identification medium for Gram staining. If the microscopic examination shows Gram-
negative bacteria, the test must be carried out according to E.4.1.4~E.4.1.8.
E.4.1.4 Oxidase test. Take a small piece of clean white filter paper and place it on a
sterilized plate. Use a sterile glass rod to pick out the suspicious colonies on the
identification medium, apply it on the filter paper piece, and then add a drop of newly
prepared 1% dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine test solution on it. If it appears pink or
purple within 30 seconds, the oxidase test result is positive; if it does not change color,
it is negative. Commercial oxidase test strips or reagents can also be used for detection.
E.4.1.5 Pyocyanin test. Take 2~3 suspicious colonies on the identification medium,
respectively inoculate them on the slant of the medium for pyocyanin determination,
culture at 36 ℃±1 ℃ for 24 h, add 3 mL~5 mL of chloroform, and shake thoroughly to
dissolve the possible pyocyanin in the culture. When the chloroform turns blue, use a
pipette to move it to another test tube, add 1 mL of 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, shake it,
and let it stand for a while. If the upper layer appears pink or purple, it is positive,
indicating the presence of pyocyanin.
E.4.1.6 Nitrate reduction gas production test. Take the suspicious bacterial colonies on
the identification medium and inoculate them into the nitrate peptone water medium,
place them at 36 ℃±1 ℃, and incubate for 24 hours. If there is gas in the small inverted
tube of the culture medium, it is considered Positive.
E.4.1.7 Gelatin liquefaction test. Take the pure culture of the suspected bacterial colony
on the identification medium, stab-inoculate it into the gelatin medium, place it at
36 ℃±1 ℃ for 24 hours, then take it out and place it at 4 ℃~10 ℃; if the culture
medium is still in liquid state, the test result is positive; if the culture medium is
coagulated, the test result is negative.
E.4.1.8 42 °C growth test. Take the suspicious culture on the identification medium,
inoculate it on a common agar slant medium, and culture it at 42 °C for 24 h~48 h. If
there is growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the test result is positive.
E.4.2 Result reporting
If the tested sample is confirmed to be Gram-negative bacilli after enrichment culture
and isolation culture, and the oxidase and pyocyanin test results are both positive, it can
be reported that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is detected in the tested sample. If the
pyocyanin test result is negative but the liquefied gelatin, nitrate reduction gas
production, and 42 °C growth test results are all positive, it can still be reported that
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is detected in the tested sample.
E.5 Staphylococcus aureus detection method
E.5.1 Operation steps
E.5.1.1 Enrichment culture. Take 5 mL of sample solution, add it to 50 mL SCDLP
culture solution, mix thoroughly, and culture at 36 °C±1 °C for 18 h~24 h.
E.5.1.2 Isolation culture. Take 1~2 inoculation loops from the self-enriched bacterial
E.6.1.3 Staining microscopy. Select typical colonies for smear Gram staining
microscopic examination. When the microscopic examination result is Gram-positive
cocci arranged in a chain, the streptokinase test and bacitracin sensitivity test are also
required.
E.6.1.4 Streptokinase test. Take 0.2 mL of potassium oxalate plasma (add 0.01 g of
potassium oxalate to 5 mL of rabbit plasma, mix well, precipitate by centrifugation, and
draw the supernatant), add 0.8 mL of sterile physiological saline, and mix well; add 0.5
mL of the 24-hour broth culture of the bacteria to be tested and 0.25 mL of 0.25%
calcium chloride, mix well, and place it in a 36 °C±1 °C water bath; observe once every
2 minutes (generally it can coagulate within 10 minutes), and continue to observe and
record dissolution time after the plasma has coagulated. If it does not dissolve within 2
hours, continue to leave it for 24 hours for observation. If the clot is completely
dissolved, the test result is positive; if it still does not dissolve after 24 hours, the test
result is negative.
E.6.1.5 Bacitracin sensitivity test. Apply the suspension of the tested bacteria on the
blood agar plate, use sterilized tweezers to take a piece of paper containing 0.04 units
of bacitracin, and place it on the surface of the plate; at the same time, use a known
Positive strain as control, and place at 36 °C±1 °C for 24 h~48 h. Those with inhibitory
zones are considered positive.
E.6.2 Result reporting
If the microscopic examination result is Gram-positive chain-like cocci, hemolytic
circles appear on the blood agar plate, and streptokinase and bacitracin test results are
both positive, it can be reported that hemolytic streptococci are detected in the tested
sample.
E.7 Detection method of total number of fungal colonies
E.7.1 Operation steps
After the physiological saline or neutralizer sample solution obtained according to E.1
has naturally settled, take the supernatant, and perform a 10-fold serial dilution if
necessary. Select the appropriate dilution for fungal colony counting. A total of 2 plates
are inoculated; add 2.0 mL of sample solution to each plate, then pour 15 mL~20 mL
of melted Sandcastle weak agar medium or modified Sandcastle weak agar medium
cooled to 40 °C~45 °C into each plate, and mix evenly. After the agar solidifies, turn
the plates over and culture at 25 °C±1 °C (Sandcastle weak agar medium) or 28 °C±1 °C
(modified Sandcastle weak agar medium) for 3 days; observe on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
days respectively, and count the number of colonies on the plates. If colonies are found
to spread, the previous colony count shall prevail.
E.7.2 Colony counting
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
|