GB/T 24194-2024 (GB/T 24194-2009) PDF English
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Ferrosilicon - Determination of multi-element contents - Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method
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Ferrosilicon - Determination of aluminum, calcium, manganese, chromium, titanium, copper, phosphorus and nickel content - Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method
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GB/T 24194-2009: PDF in English (GBT 24194-2009) GB/T 24194-2009
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.100
H 11
Ferrosilicon - Determination of aluminum, calcium,
manganese, chromium, titanium, copper, phosphorus
and nickel content - Inductively coupled plasma
atomic emission spectrometric method
ISSUED ON: JULY 08, 2009
IMPLEMENTED ON: APRIL 01, 2010
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 4
2 Normative references ... 4
3 Principles ... 5
4 Reagents ... 5
5 Instruments ... 9
6 Specimen ... 10
7 Analytical procedures ... 10
8 Calculation of results ... 13
9 Allowed difference ... 15
10 Representation of analysis results ... 16
11 Test report ... 16
Appendix A (Normative) Performance test of inductively coupled plasma
spectrometer ... 17
Appendix B (Normative) Standardization of the calibration curve (drift correction)
... 20
Appendix C (Informative) Concentration of solution of recommended calibration
curve ... 22
Ferrosilicon - Determination of aluminum, calcium,
manganese, chromium, titanium, copper, phosphorus
and nickel content - Inductively coupled plasma
atomic emission spectrometric method
Warning - The personnel using this standard shall have formal laboratory
practice experience. This standard does not address all possible safety
issues. It is the responsibility of the user to take appropriate safety and
health measures and to ensure compliance with the conditions set by the
relevant national regulations.
1 Scope
This standard specifies methods for the determination of aluminum, calcium,
manganese, chromium, titanium, copper, phosphorus and nickel content by
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
This standard applies to the determination of aluminum, calcium, manganese,
chromium, titanium, copper, phosphorus and nickel content in ferrosilicon. The
measurement range of each element is as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 -- Elements and measurement range
2 Normative references
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Standard
through reference in this Standard. For the dated references, the subsequent
amendments (excluding corrections) or revisions do not apply to this Standard;
however, parties who reach an agreement based on this Standard are
encouraged to study if the latest versions of these documents are applicable.
Analytical element Determination range (mass fraction) /%
4.6.1.1 Aluminum standard stock solution, 1.00 mg/mL.
Weigh 1.0000 g of metal aluminum (> 99.95%) in a 250 mL
polytetrafluoroethylene beaker. Add 30 mL of hydrochloric acid (1 + 1). Heat it
at low temperature to dissolve it. Cool it to room temperature. Transfer it into a
1000 mL volumetric flask. Use water to dilute it to the mark. Mix it uniformly.
Note: It may also use the following standard method to prepare aluminum
standard stock solution: Weigh 1.000 g of metal aluminum (> 99.95%) in a
polytetrafluoroethylene beaker. Add 30 mL of sodium hydroxide solution (200
g/L). Heat it at low temperature to dissolve it. Add 100 mL of water. Add
hydrochloric acid (1 + 1) to acidify it and add 10 mL in excess. Cool it to room
temperature. Transfer it into a 1000 mL volumetric flask. Use water to dilute it
to the mark. Mix it uniformly.
4.6.1.2 Aluminum standard stock solution, 50.00 μg/mL.
Divide 25.00 mL of aluminum standard stock solution (4.6.1.1) into a 500 mL
volumetric flask. Add 20 mL of hydrochloric acid (4.4). Use water to dilute it to
the mark. Mix it uniformly.
4.6.2 Calcium standard stock solution
4.6.2.1 Calcium standard stock solution, 1.00 mg/mL.
Weigh 2.4973 g of calcium carbonate (> 99.99%) which was pre-dried at 105 °C
± 5 °C and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator in a 250 mL beaker. Add
20 mL of water. Mix it uniformly. Cover the watch glass. Carefully add
hydrochloric acid (1 + 1) to dissolve the calcium carbonate. Add 20 mL of
hydrochloric acid (1 + 1). Boil off the carbon dioxide. Cool it to room temperature.
Transfer it into a 1000 mL volumetric flask. Use water to dilute it to the mark.
Mix it uniformly.
4.6.2.2 Calcium standard stock solution, 50.00 μg/mL.
Divide 25.00 mL of calcium standard stock solution (4.6.2.1) into a 500 mL
volumetric flask. Add 20 mL of hydrochloric acid (4.4). Use water to dilute it to
the mark. Mix it uniformly.
4.6.3 Manganese standard stock solution
4.6.3.1 Manganese standard stock solution, 1.00 mg/mL.
Weigh 1.0000 g of electrolytic manganese (> 99.95%) in a 250 mL beaker. Add
30 mL of nitric acid (1 + 1). Heat to dissolve it. Boil off the nitrogen oxides. Cool
it to room temperature. Transfer it into a 1000 mL volumetric flask. Use water
to dilute it to the mark. Mix it uniformly.
Weigh 0.5000 g of metallic copper (> 99.95%) in a 250 mL beaker. Add 20 mL
of nitric acid (1 + 1). Dissolve it at low temperature. Heat to boil it to remove
nitrogen oxides. Cool it to room temperature. Transfer it to a 1000 mL volumetric
flask. Use water to dilute it to the mark. Mix it uniformly.
Note: If necessary, the oxide or basic salt on the surface of the metallic copper
is removed in advance by the use of nitric acid.
4.6.6.2 Copper standard stock solution, 50.00 μg/mL.
Divide 50.00 mL of copper standard stock solution (4.6.6.1) into a 500 mL
volumetric flask. Add 20 mL of hydrochloric acid (4.4). Use water to dilute it to
the mark. Mix it uniformly.
4.6.7 Phosphorus standard stock solution
4.6.7.1 Phosphorus standard stock solution, 0.50 mg/mL.
Weigh 2.1968 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (> 99.95%) which has
been dried to a constant amount at 105 °C ± 5 °C and cooled to room
temperature. Use a small amount of water to dissolve it. Transfer it to a 1000
mL volumetric flask. Use water to dilute it to the mark. Mix it uniformly.
4.6.7.2 Phosphorus standard stock solution, 50.00 μg/mL.
Divide 50.00 mL of phosphorus standard stock solution (4.6.7.1) into a 500 mL
volumetric flask. Add 20 mL of hydrochloric acid (4.4). Use water to dilute it to
the mark. Mix it uniformly.
4.6.8 Nickel standard stock solution
4.6.8.1 Nickel standard stock solution, 0.50 mg/mL.
Weigh 0.5000 g of metallic nickel (> 99.95%) in a 250 mL beaker. Add 20 mL of
nitric acid (1 + 1). Heat to dissolve it. Boil off the nitrogen oxides. Cool it to room
temperature. Transfer it into a 1000 mL volumetric flask. Use water to dilute it
to the mark. Mix it uniformly.
4.6.8.2 Nickel standard stock solution, 50.00 μg/mL.
Divide 50.00 mL of nickel standard stock solution (4.6.8.1) into a 500 mL
volumetric flask. Add 20 mL of hydrochloric acid (4.4). Use water to dilute it to
the mark. Mix it uniformly.
4.6.9 Yttrium standard stock solution, 200.0 μg/mL.
Weigh 0.2540 g of cerium oxide (> 99.95%) which was previously calcined at
750 °C ± 5 °C for 30 min and cooled to room temperature into a 250 mL beaker.
7.2 Sample quantity
Weigh 0.5000 g (accurate to 0.0002 g) of specimen.
7.3 Blank test
A blank test is performed in parallel with the sample.
Note: For the blank test, it shall use an appropriate amount of pure iron (4.7)
instead of the specimen. The amount of iron in the specimen varies within ±5%,
which has no significant impact on the spectral intensity of the element to be
tested. Weigh 0.12 g of pure iron, which is equivalent to the specimen
containing 24% of iron (about 70% ~ 75% silicon). According to the iron content
(or silicon content) of the specimen, it may adjust the amount of pure iron
weighed. For example, when the amount of silicon is 65%, it may weigh 0.15 g
of pure iron (about 65% ~ 70% of silicon).
7.4 Determination
7.4.1 Preparation of sample solution
Place the sample in a 200 mL Teflon beaker. Use a small amount of water to
wet it. Add 10 mL of nitric acid (4.1). Use a plastic tube to carefully add about 5
mL of hydrofluoric acid (4.2), until the reaction is stopped. Add 5 mL of
hydrochloric acid (4.4). Slowly heat it until the sample is completely dissolved.
Add about 8 mL of perchloric acid (4.3). Heat it at low temperature to a
perchloric acid smoke. Use water to rinse the beaker’s wall. Continue to heat
to produce the smoke, until about 2 mL ~ 3 mL of solution is left. Slightly cool it.
Add 20 mL of hydrochloric acid (4.5). Heat to dissolve the salts. Cool it to room
temperature. Transfer the test solution to a 100 mL volumetric flask. Use water
to dilute it to the mark. Mix it uniformly. For measurement by internal standard
method, add 5.00 mL of hydrazine standard solution (4.6.9) before dilution.
Note: Perchloric acid shall maintain a low temperature when smoking (the
reference temperature is to control the surface temperature of the electric
furnace at about 200 °C). It shall not emit thick white smoke; otherwise it will
cause loss of chromium.
7.4.2 Preparation of calibration solution
Use the pure iron (4.7) which is equivalent to the amount of iron in the sample
to replace the sample. Operate according to 7.4.1. Before finally diluting it to
100 mL, add the standard solution (4.6) of each analytical element.
Note 1: For the analysis of ferrosilicon which has an iron content of 20% ~ 30%, it may
use 0.12 g of pure iron instead of the sample (corresponding to the sample containing
24% of iron, about 75% of silicon).
7.4.4.1 Calibration solution
First use a zero-calibration solution and take the calibration solution in
sequence. Take deionized water between each taking of solution. Repeat the
measurement at least 2 times and take the average of the two readings.
Note: After the initial calibration is established, it may use the two-point recalibration
procedure for routine analysis during re-analysis. The calibration solution shall be
prepared simultaneously with the test solution. The calculation of the results in this
case is carried out in accordance with Appendix B.
7.4.4.2 Test solution
Immediately after the calibration solution is measured, measure the test
solution. Between measurements, take the deionized water. The test solution
shall be repeated at least twice.
8 Calculation of results
8.1 Calibration curve method
The spectral intensity values as measured from the calibration solution are
plotted against the corresponding concentrations of their elements.
The respective concentration values are calculated from the calibration curve
according to the spectral intensity values of the test solutions. Use the formula
(1) to calculate and the content of the analytical element:
Where:
m - The mass of the sample, in grams (g);
ρ1 - The concentration of the analytical element in the sample solution, in
micrograms per milliliter (μg/mL);
ρ0 - The concentration of the analytical element in the blank test solution, in
micrograms per milliliter (μg/mL);
V - The final volume of the calibration and test solution, in milliliters (mL).
Note 1: If spectral interference is found, it shall be corrected according to 8.2.
Note 2: The calibration curve is obtained using a statistical program (for example,
least squares method). The computer-controlled spectrometer generally has this
procedure; the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.999.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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