GB 40164-2021 PDF in English
GB 40164-2021 (GB40164-2021) PDF English
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[Including 2024XG1] Automobiles and trailer -- Specifications and test methods of brake part
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GB 40164-2021: PDF in English GB 40164-2021
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.040.40
T 24
Automobiles and Trailer - Specifications and Test
Methods of Brake Part
ISSUED ON: APRIL 30, 2021
IMPLEMENTED ON: JANUARY 1, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of
China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 4
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 6
4 Product Classification ... 7
5 Test-related Requirements ... 8
5.1 Requirements for Test Samples ... 8
5.1.1 Replacement brake linings, replacement brake shoe assemblies and
replacement pad assemblies ... 8
5.1.2 Replacement brake discs and replacement brake drums ... 8
5.2 Test Equipment ... 9
5.3 Moment of Inertia of Bench Test ... 9
5.3.1 Category-M1 vehicles ... 9
5.3.2 Category-M2, M3 and N vehicles ... 9
5.3.3 Category-O vehicles ... 10
5.4 Others ... 10
6 Technical Requirements ... 10
6.1 General Rules ... 10
6.2 Replacement Brake Linings, Replacement Brake Shoe Assemblies and
Replacement Pad Assemblies ... 11
6.2.1 Brake performance ... 11
6.2.2 Mechanical properties ... 14
6.3 Replacement Brake Drums and Replacement Brake Discs... 15
6.3.1 Equal brake discs and brake drums ... 15
6.3.2 Equivalent brake discs and brake drums ... 15
6.3.3 Interchangeable brake discs and brake drums ... 19
6.3.4 Same model ... 21
6.3.5 Inspection items of brake discs and brake drums ... 22
7 Packaging and Marking ... 22
7.1 Replacement Brake Linings, Replacement Brake Shoe Assemblies and
Replacement Pad Assemblies ... 22
7.2 Replacement Brake Discs and Brake Drums ... 23
8 Product Consistency ... 24
Appendix A (normative) Test Methods of Replacement Brake Shoe Assemblies
and Replacement Pad Assemblies for Category-M1, M2 and N1 Vehicles ... 26
Appendix B (normative) Test Methods of Replacement Brake Linings,
Replacement Brake Shoe Assemblies and Replacement Pad Assemblies for
Category-M3, N2 and N3 Vehicles ... 34
Appendix C (normative) Bench Test Methods of Replacement Brake Shoe
Assemblies for Category-O1 and O2 Vehicles ... 39
Appendix D (normative) Test Methods of Replacement Brake Linings and
Replacement Brake Shoe Assemblies for Category-O3 and O4 Vehicles ... 41
Appendix E (normative) Test Methods of Replacement Brake Discs and
Replacement Brake Drums for Category-M and N Vehicles ... 42
Appendix F (normative) Test Methods of Replacement Brake Discs and
Replacement Brake Drums for Category-O Vehicles ... 52
Appendix G (normative) Typical Structures and Related Dimensions of Brake
Discs and Brake Drums ... 56
Appendix H (normative) Markings and Positions of Replacement Pad
Assemblies, Replacement Brake Shoe Assemblies and Replacement Brake
Linings ... 61
Appendix I (normative) Additional Requirements for Production Consistency 63
Automobiles and Trailer - Specifications and Test
Methods of Brake Part
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the terms and definitions, test-related requirements, technical
requirements, test methods, packaging, marking and product consistency of brake
replacement parts, such as: brake linings, brake shoe assembly, pad assembly, brake
drums and brake discs for automobiles and trailer braking systems.
This Standard is applicable to the following brake parts:
a) Used for the replacement brake shoe assembly and replacement pad
assembly of the friction-type brake of the braking system components of
Category-M, Category N and Category-O vehicles that have completed type
certification in accordance with GB 12676-2014 or GB 21670-2008;
b) Used for the replacement brake linings of Category-M3, Category-N2,
Category-N3, Category-O3 or Category-O4 vehicles that have completed type
certification in accordance with GB 12676-2014, and designed to be riveted
to the brake shoe before assembly and use;
c) Used for the replacement brake shoe assembly and pad assembly of the
parking braking system for exclusive uses;
d) Used for the replacement brake drums and replacement brake discs of the
friction-type brake of the braking system components of Category-M,
Category-N and Category-O vehicles that have completed type certification in
accordance with GB 12676-2014 or GB 21670-2008.
This Standard is not applicable to original brake drums, brake discs, brake shoe
assembly, pad assembly and brake linings (already installed on the vehicle at the time
of type certification), as well as original replacement brake drums, brake discs, brake
shoe assembly, pad assembly and brake linings used for vehicle after-sales
maintenance service.
2 Normative References
The following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In
terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are
applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest
version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
Minimum thickness refers to the limit thickness allowed by the brake disc.
NOTE: when the brake disc is worn to this thickness, use a new brake disc to replace it.
3.3 Maximum Inside Diameter
Maximum inside diameter refers to the inside diameter of the limit friction surface
allowed by the brake drum.
NOTE: when the inside diameter of the friction surface of brake drum is worn to this value,
use a new brake drum to replace it.
4 Product Classification
4.1 In accordance with the standards implemented for product type certification, brake
parts are divided into:
a) Original parts: brake parts that have completed type certification in
accordance with GB 12676-2014 or GB 21670-2008, and comply with
relevant technical requirements;
b) Replacement parts: brake parts that have completed type certification in
accordance with this Standard and serve as suitable substitutes for the
original parts.
4.2 In accordance with the structures, dimensions and materials, the replacement
brake drums and replacement brake discs are subdivided into:
a) Equal brake drums / brake discs: compared with the original brake drums /
brake discs, except for the manufacturer’s markings, the chemical
composition and physical properties are the same;
b) Equivalent brake drums / brake discs: the same as the original brake drums /
brake discs in dimensions, geometric characteristics and basic structures; the
materials are in the same subgroup as the original brake drums / brake discs;
c) Interchangeable brake drums / brake discs: the same mounting surface as
the original brake drums / brake discs, but differs from the original brake
drums / brake discs in the structures, material composition and mechanical
properties, etc.
5.1.2.5 If type certification is performed on the interchangeable brake discs or brake
drums, 2 samples of the original brake discs or brake drums shall be provided for a
comparison of dimensions.
5.2 Test Equipment
5.2.1 Bench test equipment is a single-station inertial brake test bench, whose
performance indicators shall satisfy the requirements of the various tests in this
Standard.
5.2.2 The test equipment shall be equipped with a device for continuously recording
the main-shaft velocity, braking torque, braking line pressure, number of turns
completed during one braking, braking time, and temperature of brake disc or brake
drum.
5.2.3 The braking line pressure supply system of the test equipment shall satisfy the
requirements of various brake conditions on the braking line pressure and maintain
stable. The pressure rise and fall rate of the braking line pressure shall satisfy the
following requirements:
a) Pneumatic brake: 1.5 MPa/s ± 0.3 MPa/s;
b) Hydraulic brake: 25 MPa/s ± 5 MPa/s.
5.2.4 The device and thermocouple for the measurement of the temperature of the
brake discs or brake drums, brake linings (pads) shall comply with the relevant
stipulations of QC/T 556.
5.3 Moment of Inertia of Bench Test
5.3.1 Category-M1 vehicles
The moment of inertia shall be calculated in accordance with 6.3 in QC/T 564-2018.
The vehicle mass and tyre rolling radius shall be the full-load mass and tyre rolling
radius corresponding to the vehicle with the largest kinetic energy among the certified
vehicle models.
5.3.2 Category-M2, M3 and N vehicles
The moment of inertia shall be calculated in accordance with 6.3 in QC/T 239-2015.
The vehicle mass and tyre rolling radius shall be the full-load mass and tyre rolling
radius corresponding to the vehicle with the largest kinetic energy among the certified
vehicle models.
6.1.2 The replacement brake linings, or replacement brake shoe assemblies, or
replacement pad assemblies that comply with the stipulations of type certification in
GB 12676-2014 or GB 21670-2008 are considered to be compliant with the
requirements of this Standard.
6.1.3 The replacement brake drums and replacement brake discs that comply with the
stipulations of type certification in GB 12676-2014 or GB 21670-2008 are considered
to be compliant with the requirements of this Standard.
6.2 Replacement Brake Linings, Replacement Brake Shoe Assemblies
and Replacement Pad Assemblies
6.2.1 Brake performance
6.2.1.1 Replacement brake shoe assemblies and replacement pad assemblies for
Category-M1, M2 and N1 vehicles
6.2.1.1.1 Consistency with GB 12676-2014 or GB 21670-2008
Use at least one set of replacement brake shoe assembly or replacement pad
assembly to be installed on the approved vehicle representative of the vehicle model;
in accordance with A.1 of Appendix A, conduct the test. The service brake performance,
emergency brake performance and parking brake performance shall satisfy the
relevant requirements of the corresponding vehicle categories specified in Chapter 5
of GB 12676-2014 or Chapter 5 of GB 21670-2008.
6.2.1.1.2 Cold-state performance and velocity stability
In accordance with one of the two test methods of complete-vehicle test or bench test
specified in A.2, conduct the test, which shall satisfy the following requirements:
a) In the cold-state performance test, within the upper two-thirds of the obtained
test curve, the difference of the fully released average deceleration between
the replacement parts and the original parts under the same brake pedal force
or braking line pressure shall not exceed ± 15%;
b) In the velocity stability test, the difference of the fully released average
deceleration between the higher initial braking velocity and the lowest initial
braking velocity shall not exceed ± 15%.
6.2.1.2 Replacement brake linings, replacement brake shoe assemblies and
replacement pad assemblies for Category-M3, N2 and N3 vehicles
6.2.1.2.1 Overall requirements
Use at least one set of replacement brake shoe assembly, or replacement pad
assembly, or brake lining to be installed on the approved representative vehicle or
brake; in accordance with B.1 (vehicle test) or B.2 (bench test) of Appendix B, conduct
under the same braking line pressure shall not exceed ± 15%.
6.2.1.2.3.3 Velocity stability
The difference of the fully released average deceleration between the higher initial
braking velocity and the lowest initial braking velocity shall not exceed ± 25%.
6.2.1.3 Replacement brake shoe assemblies for Category-O1 and O2 vehicles
In accordance with Appendix C, conduct the test. The replacement brake shoe
assemblies shall satisfy the following requirements:
a) In the cold-state performance test, within the upper two-thirds of the obtained
test curve, the difference of the fully released average deceleration between
the replacement brake shoe assemblies and the original brake shoe
assemblies under the same braking line pressure or control force shall not
exceed ± 15%;
b) The average deceleration fully released during the thermal performance test
of Type-I test shall be not lower than 60% of the cold-state performance test
or 3.5 m/s2.
6.2.1.4 Replacement brake linings and replacement brake shoe assemblies for
Category-O3 and O4 vehicles
6.2.1.4.1 Consistency with GB 12676-2014
In accordance with D.2.1 of Appendix D, conduct Type-I or Type-III test. The thermal
performance of the replacement brake shoe assemblies or replacement brake linings
under the same input shall satisfy one of the following requirements:
a) Not lower than the thermal performance of the original brake shoe assemblies
or original brake linings;
b) At least reach 90% of the cold-state performance of the replacement brake
shoe assemblies or replacement brake linings.
The corresponding stroke of the actuating mechanism shall be less than 110% of the
original brake shoe assemblies or original brake linings; shall not exceed the SP value
defined in K.2 of GB 12676-2014. If the original brake shoe assemblies or original
brake linings have been tested for the Type-II test requirements, the minimum
requirements in 5.1.7.2 (Type-III test) of GB 12676-2014 are applicable to the
replacement brake shoe assemblies or replacement brake linings.
6.2.1.4.2 Cold-state performance
In accordance with D.2.2, conduct the test. Within the upper two-thirds of the obtained
test curve, the difference of the fully released average deceleration between the
In accordance with E.3.1.1 of Appendix E, conduct the test. The sample of the
replacement brake discs shall satisfy one of the following requirements:
a) The number of braking cycles shall be not less than 150;
b) The number of braking cycles shall be less than 150, but greater than 100,
then, use a new replacement brake disc for the test, and the number of cycles
shall be greater than 100.
6.3.2.3.1.2 Replacement brake discs for Category-M2 and N2 vehicles
In accordance with E.3.1.2 of Appendix E, conduct the test. The sample of the
replacement brake discs shall satisfy one of the following requirements:
a) The number of braking cycles shall be not less than 30;
b) The number of braking cycles shall be less than 30, but greater than 20, then,
use a new replacement brake disc for the test, and the number of cycles shall
be greater than 20.
6.3.2.3.1.3 Replacement brake discs for Category-M3 and N3 vehicles
In accordance with E.3.1.3 of Appendix E, conduct the test. The sample of the
replacement brake discs shall satisfy one of the following requirements:
a) The number of braking cycles shall be not less than 250;
b) The number of braking cycles shall be less than 250, but greater than 200,
then, use a new replacement brake disc for the test, and the number of cycles
shall be greater than 200.
6.3.2.3.1.4 Replacement brake discs for Category-O1 and O2 vehicles
In accordance with F.3.1.1 of Appendix F, conduct the test. The sample of the
replacement brake discs shall satisfy one of the following requirements:
a) The number of braking cycles shall be not less than 150;
b) The number of braking cycles shall be less than 150, but greater than 100,
then, use a new replacement brake disc for the test, and the number of cycles
shall be greater than 100.
6.3.2.3.1.5 Replacement brake discs for Category-O3 and O4 vehicles
In accordance with F.3.1.2 of Appendix F, conduct the test, which shall satisfy the
requirements of a) or b) in 6.3.2.3.1.2.
6.3.2.3.1.6 Replacement brake drums for Category-M2 and N2 vehicles
In accordance with F.4.1.1, conduct the test; the number of braking cycles of the
sample of the replacement brake discs shall not be less than 70.
6.3.2.3.2.6 Replacement brake discs for Category-O3 and O4 vehicles
In accordance with F.4.1.2, conduct the test; the sample of the replacement brake discs
shall not become invalid.
6.3.2.3.2.7 Replacement brake drums for Category-O vehicles
In accordance with F.4.2, conduct the test; the sample of the replacement brake drums
shall not become invalid.
6.3.3 Interchangeable brake discs and brake drums
6.3.3.1 Geometric characteristics
Except for the installation dimensions, the remaining shall comply with the stipulations
of 6.3.2.1.2.
In terms of the interchangeable brake discs or brake drums, the following structural
differences with the original brake discs or brake drums are allowed:
a) The form and structure of the air duct (for the ventilating disc);
b) Integral or combined brake discs or brake drums;
c) Surface structures (such as: holes and slots, etc.).
6.3.3.2 Brake performance
6.3.3.2.1 Basic brake performance and dynamic friction characteristics
6.3.3.2.1.1 Brake discs and brake drums for Category-M and N vehicles
In accordance with E.2, conduct the test. The requirements for the various
performances of the sample of the replacement brake discs and the sample of the
replacement brake drums are as follows:
a) Dynamic friction characteristics
Within the upper two-thirds of the obtained test curve, the difference of the
fully released average deceleration between the sample of the replacement
brake discs or the sample of the replacement brake drums and the original
parts under the same braking line pressure shall not exceed ± 8% or ± 0.4
m/s2;
b) Type-I test
For the brake discs and brake drums for Category-O4 vehicles, the average
deceleration or average braking torque fully released during the thermal
performance test shall not be lower than 60% of the Type-0 test (F.2.6), and
the average deceleration fully released shall not be lower than 4.0 m/s2.
d) Inspection after thermal performance test
Conduct the test in accordance with the stipulations of 6.3.3.2.1.1 d).
6.3.3.2.2 Thermal fatigue test
Conduct the test in accordance with the stipulations of 6.3.2.3.1.
6.3.3.2.3 Braking strength test
Conduct the test in accordance with the stipulations of 6.3.2.3.2.
6.3.4 Same model
The brake discs or brake drums that do not differ in the following main characteristics
shall be considered as the same model:
a) Brake discs:
1) Basic structure:
Whether there is a ventilating slot (i.e. solid disc or ventilating disc);
Ventilating structure;
Surface (whether there are slots or holes);
Wheel hub structure (whether there is an integrated parking brake
drum);
Installation type (rigid, semi-floating and floating, etc.);
Cap structure (whether there is an integrated parking brake drum).
2) Materials.
b) Brake drums:
1) Materials;
2) Wheel hub (with or without);
3) Composite structure.
replacement pad assemblies of the same model that comply with this Standard shall
be packed and sold in pairs in accordance with the vehicle axles (bridges).
7.1.2 Each pair of products shall be packed in a sealed package with a pre-opening.
7.1.3 The following information shall be marked on each package:
a) The number of replacement brake linings, or replacement brake shoe
assemblies or replacement pad assemblies in the package;
b) Manufacturer’s name or trademark;
c) The brand and model of replacement brake linings, or replacement brake
shoe assemblies or replacement pad assemblies;
d) Replaceable vehicle models / axles (bridges) / brakes;
e) Certification mark.
7.1.4 Each package shall be attached with an installation manual, which shall include
the following information:
a) Special instructions for auxiliary parts.
b) Replaceable vehicle axles (bridges) of replacement brake linings, or
replacement brake shoe assemblies or replacement pad assemblies.
c) For replacement brake linings, the following information shall also be included:
1) Structural characteristics of brake shoes, fulcrums and pin holes;
2) Brake shoes’ resistance to distortion, deformation and corrosion;
3) Type and size of rivets used;
4) Required riveting tools and riveting force.
7.1.5 Each replacement brake lining, or replacement brake shoe assembly or
replacement pad assembly shall be permanently provided with information like
certification marks in accordance with Appendix H.
7.2 Replacement Brake Discs and Brake Drums
7.2.1 Each replacement brake disc or brake drum for sale shall be separately
packaged, and at least the following information shall be provided on the package:
a) Part No.;
b) Related vehicle information:
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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