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Basic dataStandard ID: GB/Z 43521-2023 (GB/Z43521-2023)Description (Translated English): General guidelines for the design and analysis of ocean thermal energy conversion plant Sector / Industry: National Standard Classification of Chinese Standard: F14 Classification of International Standard: 27.180 Word Count Estimation: 34,356 Date of Issue: 2023-12-28 Date of Implementation: 2024-07-01 Issuing agency(ies): State Administration for Market Regulation, China National Standardization Administration GBZ43521-2023: General guidelines for the design and analysis of ocean thermal energy conversion plant---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order. GB /Z 43521-2023: General guidelines for the design and analysis of ocean temperature difference energy conversion power plants ICS 27:180 CCSF14 National Standardization Guiding Technical Documents of the People's Republic of China Ocean temperature difference energy conversion power plant design and General guidelines for analysis conversionplant (IEC TS62600-20:2019,Marineenergy-Wave,tidal,andotherwatercurrent Published on 2023-12-28 2024-07-01 Implementation State Administration for Market Regulation Released by the National Standardization Administration Committee Table of contentsPreface III Introduction IV 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 2 3 Terms and Definitions 2 4 Abbreviations 3 5 Site-specific parameters and marine meteorological design parameters 3 5:1 Environmental factors 3 5:2 Biological effects 5 6 Floating Ocean Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Power Plant --- General Information and Guidelines (Closed Cycle, Deep Sea Water) 6 6:1 Precautions for seawater 6 6:2 Cold sea water system 6 6:3 Warm seawater system 9 6:4 Seawater discharge arrangements and plume analysis 9 7 Process System 10 7:1 Working fluid selection 10 7:2 Heat exchanger selection10 7:3 Material Compatibility10 7:4 Risks and hazards in process systems10 8 Platform Type 11 8:1 General 11 8:2 Mooring and positioning 11 9 Power output12 9:1 Overview12 9:2 Design considerations 12 9:3 Platform equipment 12 9:4 Power transmission system 12 9:5 Land-based equipment13 10 Energy storage and transportation systems13 10:1 Overview 13 10:2 Hydrogen 13 10:3 Ammonia 13 10:4 Methanol13 10:5 Battery storage13 11 Land-based and seabed-based ocean temperature difference energy conversion power stations 13 11:1 General information and guidance13 11:2 Cold seawater pipe design 14 12 Design and operation methods of ocean temperature difference energy conversion power station under risky conditions 14 12:1 Risk Assessment14 12:2 Design under risky conditions15 12:3 Guidance on operation under risky conditions15 13 Transport and installation 16 14 Trial operation and handover 16 15 Operation, inspection and maintenance 16 15:1 Overview 16 15:2 Run 17 15:3 Inspection and maintenance17 15:4 Hazards and Safety17 16 Retired 18 Appendix A (informative) Technical differences between this document and IEC TS62600-20:2019 and their reasons 19 Appendix B (informative) Potential uses and history of ocean temperature difference energy conversion 22 B:1 Potential uses of ocean temperature difference energy conversion22 B:2 Installation site 22 B:3 Ocean temperature difference energy conversion power station project 23 B:4 Ocean temperature difference energy conversion open cycle 23 Reference 24ForewordThis document complies with the provisions of GB/T 1:1-2020 "Standardization Work Guidelines Part 1: Structure and Drafting Rules of Standardization Documents" Drafting: This document is modified to adopt IEC TS62600-20:2019 "Ocean energy wave energy, tidal energy and other current energy conversion devices Chapter 20 Part: General Guidelines for Design and Analysis of Ocean Thermoelectric Energy Conversion (OTEC) Power Plants: The file type is adjusted from IEC technical specifications to my country's National standardization guiding technical document: Compared with IEC TS62600-20:2019, there are many technical differences in this document: A list of these technical differences and their causes is attached: Record A: The following editorial changes have been made to this document: ---The name of the standard was changed to "General Guidelines for Design and Analysis of Ocean Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Power Plants": Please note that some content in this document may be subject to patents: The publisher of this document assumes no responsibility for identifying patents: This document is proposed and coordinated by the National Ocean Energy Conversion Equipment Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC546): This document was drafted by: First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering (Zhanjiang), Shandong University Science, CNOOC Research Institute Co:, Ltd:, Ocean University of China, National Ocean Technology Center, China General Nuclear Power Research Institute Co:, Ltd:, Shandong Electric Power Power Engineering Consulting Co:, Ltd:, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Harbin Electric Machinery Research Institute Co:, Ltd:, China Shipbuilding Research Center, China Long Jiangxi Three Gorges Group Co:, Ltd:, Hohai University, Shanghai Maritime University: The main drafters of this document: Liu Weimin, Liu Lei, Chen Fengyun, Ge Yunzheng, Peng Jingping, Zhang Li, Li Dashu, Wang Xiaoyong, Fang Fang, Zhu Yueyong, Liu Tingting, Liu Yanjun, Yang Chaochu, Yuan Han, Zheng Wenhui, Zhang Shoujie, Zhang Tiantian, Zhang Jisheng, Wang Tianzhen:IntroductionThe ocean covers 70% of the earth's surface, and most of the solar energy entering the ocean is absorbed by the upper water within 100m: Collected and retained in the form of heat energy: The heated surface seawater expands slightly and continues to absorb solar energy, causing the surface seawater in the tropics to Water temperature usually exceeds 25°C: The temperature of deep seawater is much lower: When the seawater depth is 800m~1000m, the temperature is generally 4℃~5℃, see Figure 1: This type of deep cold seawater is replenished from the polar regions through ocean thermohaline circulation: Take advantage of the gap between surface and deep seawater Temperature difference, a large amount of energy can be continuously obtained through Ocean Temperature Energy Conversion (OTEC): Figure 1 Tropical ocean temperature and depth profile In the tropics, the diurnal and annual changes in temperature differences between ocean water layers are small and predictable: OTEC power stations take advantage of this stable temperature difference: It can continuously generate electricity: See Appendix B for other potential uses and history of ocean temperature difference energy: Since OTEC's process is relatively simple, it is It has a high capacity factor compared to most other forms of renewable energy: Capacity factor refers to the actual power generation within a period of time compared with the same time The ratio of the maximum possible power generation in the segment: The maximum power generation capacity of a specific equipment is assumed to be generated when it is operated continuously at rated power during the relevant time period: generated electricity: Compared with the continuous and low capacity factors of most renewable energy sources, OTEC power output has good reliability and Predictability: 0:1 OTEC working principle OTEC power stations use thermodynamic cycles to convert sustainable low-grade ocean thermal energy into electrical energy: The theoretical highest heat transfer efficiency is provided by card The Nolan cycle determines where the absolute ocean temperature is in Kelvin: When the heat source temperature is 27°C and the cold source temperature is 4°C, the Carnot cycle effect The rate is: ηCarnot=1- Tcold Thot =1- 4 273:15 27 273:15=7:66% Assuming that the conversion process is completed by an ideal reversible heat engine, the efficiency can reach 7:66%: In practical applications, due to the heat transfer in the heat exchanger Temperature difference and other factors, the actual heat exchange is irreversible: When calculating the actual efficiency, such heat transfer losses as well as the turbine and power generation should be considered: the actual performance of the machine: Therefore, under the above seawater temperature conditions, the actual efficiency under non-ideal conditions is 3%~4%: According to the degree of contact between the system working fluid and the outside air, OTEC power stations can be divided into: closed, open and mixed circulation systems: Which type of circulation system should be determined based on local conditions such as power and fresh water needs: 0:2 Closed loop The most basic cycle method of the closed OTEC system is the Rankine cycle: The main devices and processes of the closed Rankine cycle OTEC power plant are shown in Figure 2: The working fluid runs in the closed pipeline of the system: The working fluid pump sends the liquid working fluid into the evaporator: The working fluid absorbs the heat of warm seawater and vaporizes to produce high temperature: The pressurized steam enters the turbine and drives the turbine to drive the generator; the exhaust gas at the outlet of the turbine enters the condenser and is condensed into liquid by cold seawater: liquid working medium Then it enters the working fluid pump to complete this cycle: Indexing serial number description: 1---Warm seawater pump; 2---Evaporator; 3---Turbine; 4---Generator; 5---Condenser; 6---cold sea water pump; 7---Liquid storage tank; 8---Working fluid pump: Figure 2 Principle diagram of closed Rankine cycle ocean temperature difference energy conversion power station Warm seawater transfers heat to the working fluid in the evaporator to boil it: The temperature of the warm seawater decreases, and the deep cold seawater absorbs the steam in the condenser: The temperature rises after the heat released during condensation: Warm seawater provides 3% to 6% more heat than cold seawater: This difference is due to the Caused by flat work and energy lost due to friction: Different working fluids have different fluid physical properties, such as ammonia (R717), difluoromethane (R32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), etc: for For a specific working fluid, its appropriate evaporation and condensation characteristics and thermal performance of the heat exchanger should be selected to obtain the best efficiency: in circulatory system Among them, the highest pressure occurs at the outlet of the working fluid pump, the lowest pressure occurs in the condenser, and the maximum pressure drop occurs in the turbine: 0:3 open cycle The open cycle uses surface temperature seawater as the working fluid, which is converted into low-pressure steam in the evaporator, drives the turbine to do work, and is then discharged into the condenser: Cooling circulation system: The process is that warm seawater enters a large evaporator with a vacuum degree of about 96%, part of which evaporates into low-pressure steam, and the rest Seawater provides the heat required for evaporation, and cooled, warm seawater is pumped out of the evaporator: Low-pressure steam drives the low-pressure turbine to operate, and then enters the true A condenser with an air density of about 98%: The steam is condensed into liquid and pumped out of the condenser: A continuously operating vacuum pump removes dissolved air and to maintain the vacuum within the system: Open cycle OTEC can both generate electricity and produce fresh water by isolating steam from cold seawater in a large surface condenser: The main difference between closed cycle and open cycle OTEC power plants is that the open cycle system uses a large vacuum chamber and an extremely large volume of low-pressure steam: A steam turbine is used, while a closed cycle uses a heat exchanger, a smaller turbine and a working fluid pump: The schematic diagram of the open cycle OTEC system is shown in Figure 3: Indexing serial number description: 1---Warm seawater pump; 2---Flash evaporator; 3---Turbine; 4---Generator; 5---Condenser; 6---cold seawater pump; 7---Fresh water pump; 8---Warm seawater drainage pump: Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the principle of an open cycle ocean temperature difference energy conversion power station 0:4 Mixed cycle The hybrid cycle combines the characteristics of closed cycle and open cycle systems and can generate electricity and fresh water at the same time: The system uses multi-level cloth Heat exchangers, vacuum chambers and other components can extract more heat from warm and cold seawater: Schematic diagram of hybrid circulation OTEC system See Figure 4: Indexing serial number description: 1---Warm seawater pump; 2---Flash evaporator; 3---Fresh water pump; 4---Warm seawater drainage pump; 5---Evaporator; 6---Turbine; 7 ---Generator; 8 ---Condenser; 9 ---Liquid storage tank; 10---Working fluid pump; 11---Cold seawater pump: Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the principle of a hybrid cycle ocean temperature difference energy conversion power station Ocean temperature difference energy conversion power plant design and General guidelines for analysis1 ScopeThis document establishes the general guidelines for the design evaluation of OTEC power plants: The purpose is to explain the OTEC power plants that can stably generate electricity under various conditions: Design and evaluation requirements: The target audience is developers, engineers, banks, venture capital practitioners, entrepreneurs, financial institutions and regulatory agencies, etc: This document applies to land-based (i:e: onshore), seabed-based (i:e: installed on the seabed nearshore) and floating OTEC systems: Scope of application of this document The enclosure usually ends at the connection point of the main power output cable to the grid: This document is a general document, focusing on OTEC's unique or unique power generation equipment devices and components, especially those related to warm and cold seawater: Equipment related to the water inlet part: The OTEC system is compatible with other types of power plants and floating oil and gas production vessels (such as floating production storage systems and floating liquid Common components between chemical and natural gas systems refer to established standards: This document lists relevant standards as applicable: The main design process of floating, seabed-based or land-based OTEC systems is shown in Figure 5: Figure 5 Representative flow chart of OTEC system development and testing ...... |
