GB/T 9535-1998 PDF EnglishUS$350.00 · In stock · Download in 9 seconds
GB/T 9535-1998: Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic(PV) modules-design qualification and type approval Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure GB/T 9535: Historical versions
Similar standardsGB/T 9535-1998: Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic(PV) modules-design qualification and type approval---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT9535-1998 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 27.160;31.260 F 12 eqv IEC 1215.1993 Replacing GB/T 9535-1988 Replacing GB/T 14007-1992 Replacing GB/T 14009-1992 Crystalline Silicon Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV) Modules-Design Qualification and Type Approval Issued on. NOVEMBER 17, 1998 Implemented on. JUNE 1, 1999 Issued by. State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision Table of ContentsForeword... 3 IEC Foreword... 4 1 Scope and object... 5 2 Normative References... 5 3 Sampling... 6 4 Marking... 6 5 Testing... 7 6 Pass Criteria... 7 7 Major Visual Defects... 8 8 Report... 10 9 Modifications... 11 10 Test Procedures... 11 10.1 Visual inspection... 11 10.2 Performance at STC... 12 10.3 Insulation test... 12 10.4 Measurement of temperature coefficients... 13 10.5 Measurement of nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT)... 14 10.6 Performance at NOCT... 21 10.7 Performance at low irradiance... 21 10.8 Outdoor exposure test... 24 10.9 Hot-spot endurance test... 24 10.10 UV test... 31 10.11 Thermal cycling test... 31 10.12 Humidity-freeze test... 33 10.13 Damp-heat test... 35 10.14 Robustness of terminations test... 36 10.15 Twist test... 38 10.16 Mechanical load test... 39 10.17 Hail test... 401 Scope and objectThis International Standard lays down IEC requirements for the design qualification and type approval of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in general open-air climates, as defined in GB/T 4797.1.It applies only to crystalline silicon types. Standards for thin- film modules and other environments, such as marine or equator conditions, are under consideration. This standard does not apply to modules used with concentrators. The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical and thermal characteristics of the module and to show, as far as is possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure in climates described in the scope. The actual lifetime expectancy of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated.2 Normative ReferencesThe provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document. GB/T 2421-1989 Basic environmental testing procedures for electric and electronic products - General and guidance (eqv IEC 68-1.1988) GB/T 2423.3-1993 Basic environmental testing procedures for electric and electronic products - Test Ca. Damp heat, steady state (eqv IEC 68-2-3.1984) GB/T 2423.29-1982 Basic environmental testing procedures for electric and electronic products -Test U. robustness of terminations and integral mounting devices (eqv IEC 68-2- 21.1980) GB/T 2828-1987 Sampling procedures and tables for lot-by-lot inspection by attributes (Apply to inspection of successive lots or batches)3 SamplingEight modules for qualification testing (plus spares as desired) shall be taken at random from a production batch or batches, in accordance with the procedure given in GB/T 2828.The modules shall have been manufactured from specified materials and components in accordance with the relevant drawings and process sheets and have been subjected to the manufacturer's normal inspection, quality control and production acceptance procedures.4 MarkingEach module shall carry the following clear and indelible markings.5 TestingThe modules shall be divided into groups and subjected to the qualification test sequences in Figure 1, carried out in the order laid down.6 Pass CriteriaA module design shall be judged to have passed the qualification tests, and therefore to be IEC type approved, if each test sample meets all the following criteria.7 Major Visual DefectsFor the purposes of design qualification and type approval, the following are considered to be major visual defects.8 ReportFollowing type approval, a certified report of the qualification tests, with measured performance characteristics and details of any failures and re-tests, shall be prepared by the test agency in accordance with IECQ procedure QC 001 002.A copy of this report shall be kept by the manufacturer for reference purposes.9 ModificationsAny change in the design, materials, components or processing of the module may require a repetition of some or all of the qualification tests to maintain type approval.10 Test Procedures10.1 Visual inspection 10.2 Performance at STC 10.2.1 Purpose To determine how the electrical performance of the module varies with load at STC (cell temperature. 25°C±2°C, irradiance. 1000 W•m-2, standard solar spectral irradiance distribution conforms to the provisions of GB/T 6495.3) using natural sunlight or a class A simulator conforming to the requirements of GB/T 6495.1. 10.3 Insulation test 10.3.1 Purpose To determine whether or not the module is sufficiently well insulated between current carrying parts and the frame. 10.3.2 Test conditions The test shall be made on modules at ambient temperature of the surrounding atmosphere (see GB/T 2421) and in a relative humidity not exceeding 75 %. 10.3.4 Test requirements - no dielectric breakdown (less than 50μA) or surface cracking during step c); - insulation resistance not less than 50 MΩ. 10.4 Measurement of temperature coefficients 10.4.1 Purpose To determine the temperature coefficients of current (α) and voltage (β) from module measurements. The coefficients so determined are valid at the irradiance at which the measurements were made. For linear modules, they are also valid over an irradiance range of ±30 % of this level. This procedure supplements that in GB/T 6495.4 for measuring these coefficients from a representative set of single cells. 10.4.2 Apparatus 10.5 Measurement of nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) 10.5.1 Purpose To determine the NOCT of the module. 10.5.2 Introduction 10.9.5 Procedure All tests shall be performed at an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C, with a wind speed less than 2 m·s-1.Any hot-spot protective devices recommended by the manufacturer shall be installed before the module is tested. 10.9.5.1 Case S 10.12 Humidity-freeze test 10.12.1 Purpose To determine the ability of the module to withstand the effects of high temperature and humidity followed by sub-zero temperatures. This is not a thermal shock test. There are two alternative methods. single-chamber and two-chamber. 10.12.2 Single-chamber method 10.12.2.1 Apparatus ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of English version of GB/T 9535-1998 be delivered?Answer: The full copy PDF of English version of GB/T 9535-1998 can be downloaded in 9 seconds, and it will also be emailed to you in 9 seconds (double mechanisms to ensure the delivery reliably), with PDF-invoice.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 9535-1998_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. The purchased PDF of GB/T 9535-1998_English will be deemed to be sold to your employer/organization who actually paid for it, including your colleagues and your employer's intranet.Question 3: Does the price include tax/VAT?Answer: Yes. 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