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GB/T 32726-2016 English PDF

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GB/T 32726-2016: Soil quality -- Field soil description
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Basic data

Standard ID: GB/T 32726-2016 (GB/T32726-2016)
Description (Translated English): Soil quality -- Field soil description
Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard: B10
Classification of International Standard: 13.080.01
Word Count Estimation: 33,390
Date of Issue: 2016-08-29
Date of Implementation: 2017-03-01
Regulation (derived from): National Standard Announcement 2016 No.14
Issuing agency(ies): General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China

GB/T 32726-2016: Soil quality -- Field soil description

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Soil quality - Field soil description ICS 13.080.01 B10 National Standards of People's Republic of China Soil quality field soil description (ISO 25177.2008, IDT) Released on.2016-08-29 2017-03-01 implementation General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China China National Standardization Administration issued

Content

Foreword III 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Basic information 1 3.1 sampling point/section number 1 3.2 Location 1 3.3 Geographic coordinates 1 3.4 Date of inspection 1 3.5 Recorders and institutions 2 4 section environment 2 4.1 Precipitation before precipitation 2 4.2 Land use at plot level (through detailed field survey) 2 4.3 Types of tillage, vegetation or artificial use (land level) 3 4.4 Topography of the sampling site 3 4.5 Slope length (m) 3 4.6 Slope 3 4.7 Slope 3 4.8 Properties of the parent material 3 4.9 Groundwater presence and depth 4 5 Surface features 5 5.1 Surface exposure of rock outcrops or unnatural substances (as in industrial sites) as a percentage of the total surface of the land 5 5.2 signs of erosion 5 6 Name of soil type 5 6.1 General 5 6.2 Types of soil classification systems used 5 6.3 Soil type named after the soil classification system used 6.4 Type 6 of the occurrence layer (soil layer) 6.5 Sequence of occurrence layer (soil layer) 6 7 occurrence layer (soil layer) description 6 7.1 General 6 7.2 Number of occurrence layers (soil layers) 6 7.3 depth 6 7.4 Estimation of humidity conditions 6 7.5 Color of the soil layer (soil layer) 7 7.6 markings 7 7.7 Organic matter content estimate 7 7.8 Texture 8 7.9 coarse fraction 8 7.10 Carbonate and foaming reactions 9 7.11 Main classification of soil structure 9 7.12 Tightness 10 7.13 Total porosity estimate 10 7.14 Root 10 7.15 Wormhole density (usually the average on several square decimeters) 11 7.16 The lower boundary of the occurrence layer 11 Appendix A (informative) Proportion estimation of speckle and coarse fractions, etc. Figure 12 Appendix B (informative) Reference soil unit of the World Soil Resources Reference Base (FAO, ISRIC and ISSS,.2006) 13 Appendix C (informative appendix) Name of the occurrence layer---taking the FAO system (2006) as an example 20 Appendix D (informative) Soil quality map example 24 Appendix E (informative) Field determination of soil texture 27 Appendix F (informative) Some soil structure types 29 Reference 30

Foreword

This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard uses the translation method equivalent to ISO 25177.2008 "Soil Quality Field Soil Description" (English version). The documents of our country that have a consistent correspondence with the international documents referenced in this standard are as follows. ---GB/T 2659-2000 World and region name codes (eqvISO 3166-1.1997) This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Soil Quality Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC404). This standard was drafted. Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang University, Jiangsu Institute of Standardization. The main drafters of this standard. Shen Renfang, Dong Xiaoying, Xu Jianming, Gu Changqing. Soil quality field soil description

1 Scope

This standard is a guide to describe the soil of a given site and its environmental conditions. Sampling points can be natural, near-natural, urban Or industrial site. Note that one sample point may collect many soil samples when sampling. The information described in this standard will be for soil samples. The analysis results provide basic information. Note 1. It is not possible or necessary to record all the data items listed in this standard. Note 2. ISO 15903 provides an overall guide to the expression of information in soil surveys.

2 Normative references

The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only dated versions apply to this article. Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document. ISO 3166-1.2006 Country and subordinate area name codes Part 1. Country codes (Codesfortherepresentation ofnamesofcountriesandtheirsubdivisions-Part 1.Countrycodes) ISO 3166-2.2007 Country and subordinate region name codes Part 2. Country subordinate region codes (Codesforthe Representationofnamesofcountriesandtheirsubdivisions-Part 2.Countrysubdivisioncode) ISO 14688-2.2004 Geotechnical engineering survey and testing - Classification and identification of soils - Part 2. Classification principles (Geotechnical investigationandtesting-Identificationandclassificationofsoil-Part 2.Principlesforaclassification)

3 Basic information

3.1 sampling point/section number --- Section number; --- Survey number or code. 3.2 Location ---country Country codes as specified in ISO 3166-1 and ISO 3166-2. For historical research, ISO 3166-3 is used when necessary The name given. ---Administrative regions Make adjustments according to the country (province, state, region, political district, town, etc.), including coded or uncoded. 3.3 Geographical coordinates --- Geographic reference system types (angle, Lambert projection system and national grid reference system); --- Location in the geo-reference system (latitude/minute/second, latitude/minute/second); --- Altitude (m). 3.4 Date of inspection ---year; ---month; ---day; ---Time. 3.5 Recorders and institutions --- Recorder's name; ---Qualification; ---institution name; ---department; ---address; ---phone; ---fax number; ---Email address.

4 section environment

4.1 Precipitation before precipitation 0 No precipitation in the last month

1 No precipitation in the past week

2 No precipitation in the past three days

3 There is precipitation in the past three days but the intensity is not strong

4 There are several days of moderate precipitation or high intensity precipitation on the day before observation. 5 Great precipitation, snow or flooding just occurred before observation

6 has not been recorded

4.2 Land-level land use (through detailed field surveys) 01 Building and industrial infrastructure 02 Mine (in or after mining) 03 Metal processing site 04 Chemical Site 05 Oil and gas production site 06 Metal manufacturing site 07 Food Processing Site 08 Waste disposal site 09 cultivated land 10 horticultural land 11 grazing land 12 Orchard, fruit plantation or vineyard 13 Forests, woodlands 14 Mixed land use (agriculture, forestry or farming) 15 Collection/fishing (natural plant use, hunting or fishing) 16 Nature protection (eg nature reserves, protected areas and erosion control areas using terraces) 17 wetlands (eg swamps, seasonal swamps, mangroves, etc.) 18 snow covered 19 bare rock and rocky surface 20 natural land 21 natural grass 22 Recreational land 23 Other types of unutilized and managed venues 4.3 Types of tillage, vegetation or artificial use (land level) Record as clearly and accurately as possible. If you know the variety of cultivated plants, you can record them. Examples. pasture (natural grassland, planting grassland); metal processing (iron-containing, iron-free); mine (iron ore, underground coal mine, open pit mine); Ground (corn, oats, rice); garden (flowers, vegetables). 4.4 Topography of the sampled area

1 Location of the sampling point in the landscape

2 Terrain near the sampling point (scale. 0.1km) 4.5 Slope length (m) In the flat case, it is marked as 0 (zero). 4.6 slope The average slope is measured near the pit (flat flag is 0). The slope can be expressed in percentage or degree. --- slope, expressed as a percentage; --- Slope, expressed in degrees. 4.7 slope direction The aspect can be expressed in the following ways. a) North-South-East-West Northeast - Southeast - Northwest - Southwest VV indicates that the slope direction changes, and AA indicates that the slope is horizontal; b) Use azimuth according to the following specifications. 0° = north 90° = East 180° = South 270° = west VV indicates that the slope direction changes, and AA indicates that the slope is horizontal. 4.8 Properties of the parent material 4.8.1 Modified or man-made substances The nature of the parent material may vary due to human use or may be altered by the addition of artificial materials. Historical knowledge of the sampling site can provide the mother Information on qualitative changes. 4.8.2 Natural substances Depending on local conditions, the natural parent material and/or bedrock should be described as completely as possible. For example. glacial deposits, marine sediments, metamorphic bedrock, Hard limestone, loess deposits, etc. 4.9 The existence and depth of groundwater 4.9.1 General Groundwater depths fluctuate frequently throughout the year, sometimes associated with seasons and tides. In 4.9.2, the depth of the water table is indicated in the sampling site description. 4.9.3 and 4.9.4 can be used to describe when the depth of the water table is known to change (pressure gauge, survey or water trace on the profile wall) The change in the depth of the water table. The minimum depth of the water table (the highest point of the water table) should be indicated in 4.9.3. The maximum depth of the water table (the lowest point of the water table) should be indicated in 4.9.4. If the recorder does not know the change in the depth of the water table, it should be recorded as “unknown” in 4.9.3 and 4.9.4. If the depth of the groundwater level does not change, or if the recorder does not know if there is a deep change in the groundwater level, then 4.93 and 4.9.4 are not required. 4.9.2 Groundwater level depth The depth of the water table can be described as. a) observed or measured; b) estimated; c) Unobserved. If the depth is estimated, observed or measured, it is expressed in centimeters. 4.9.3 Minimum depth of groundwater level The minimum water table depth can be described as. a) observed or measured; b) estimated; c) Unobserved. If the depth is estimated, observed or measured, it is expressed in centimeters. 4.9.4 Maximum depth of groundwater level The maximum groundwater depth can be described as. a) observed or measured; b) estimated; c) Unobserved. If the depth is estimated, observed or measured, it is expressed in centimeters. 4.9.5 Nature of water A general estimate is made without reference to the threshold values for soluble salts and conductivity, or analytical data for contaminants and binders. ---S means salty; ---B means brackish; ---F means light; ---P indicates contamination or sticking. It is also possible to express its properties in a comprehensive manner using SP, BP or FP.

5 Surface features

5.1 Surface exposure of rock outcrops or unnatural materials (as on industrial sites) as a percentage of the total surface of the land The following categories are widely used in soil descriptions (compare the chart shown in Appendix A). 0 no. 0% 1 Very few. greater than 0% and less than or equal to 2% 2 less. greater than 2% and less than or equal to 5% 3 Moderate. greater than 5% and less than or equal to 15% 4 more. greater than 15% and less than or equal to 40% 5 rich. greater than 40% and less than or equal to 80% 6 Advantages. greater than 80%

7 not tested

5.2 signs of erosion The following levels reflect the current state of soil erosion (or sedimentation), not the infringement that has occurred in the past or may occur in the future. Eclipse (or deposition). 0 No obvious signs of erosion

1 visible signs of soil loss

1 flaky erosion

2 rill erosion

3 gully erosion

4 wind erosion

5 landslide

2 visible signs of soil deposition

6 Water deposition

7 wind accumulation

6 Name of soil type

6.1 General The description of the on-site soil is generally specified with reference to an established basis in an established soil classification system. These assignments are usually based on The expression of the soil occurrence process in the soil profile. There are many classification systems from various countries, but the International Soil Classification System is recommended. System-World Soil Resource Reference Foundation (theWorldReferenceBase-WRB). The process of soil formation leads to the formation of different layers of soil, which are usually more or less parallel to the surface of the terrain. These layers are called Horizons. In soil frameworks that are deeply altered by human activities, man-made layers can come from various deposits (concrete, bricks, etc.). These levels are referred to as "layers". Among many soil classification systems, including WRB, anthropogenic soils and industrial and urban landscapes The soil is not easy to classify. In this case, the soil layer is described in terms of the soil profile described in Chapter 7. 6.2 Types of soil classification systems used Record the soil classification or system used. The WRB classification system is generally recommended. 6.3 Reference to the soil type named by the soil classification system used For example. bleached leaching soil (Albicluvisol). Appendix B lists the reference soil units with reference to the World Soil Resources Reference Base (2006). Note. The reference base of the world soil resources can be queried on the Internet. 6.4 Types of occurrence layer (soil layer) naming methods Identify the occurrence layer (earth layer) naming system used, for example. FAO (FAO,.2006) or other national classification system. The occurrence layer (soil layer) naming system of FAO (2006) is exemplified in Appendix C. In the absence of a local or regional classification system This system can be used as a reference. 6.5 Sequence of occurrence layer (soil layer) Indicate the order of the soil layer (soil layer) in the section description. Such as A/E/B/C (see Appendix C). 7 occurrence layer (soil layer) description 7.1 General The following points should be recorded for each occurrence layer (soil layer). 7.2 Number of occurrence layers (soil layers) The occurrence layer (soil layer) in each sampling point is numbered from 1 to n, and it should be described from the surface. 7.3 Depth In centimeters, the average depth and depth range in which each occurrence (layer) occurs and disappears. The organic layer consisting of undecomposed litter is represented by a number greater than zero and preceded by a sign. 7.4 Estimation of humidity conditions The purpose of this clause is to indicate the moisture content of the soil during other observations and to guide the field determination of the soil moisture state. It is difficult to directly estimate the soil moisture content in the field because the same volume of water is inconsistent in different soils, and its performance is taken It depends on the nature of the soil material, the nature and size of the pores, and so on. Observing the humidity state directly related to soil moisture content in the field is very meaningful. Determine the humidity state of the soil should be checked and corrected Quasi-humidity analysis. The soil moisture condition is expressed as follows. a) Dry. Soil moisture is below the wilting point. Viscous soil (generally with a clay content of more than 17%) can exhibit the following traits. hard, non-plastic, and the soil becomes darker when water is added. Non-viscous soil (generally less than 17% clay content) can exhibit the following traits. the soil color is light, and the soil color becomes deeper when water is added. Powdery. b) Slightly moist. moisture content is between the field holding capacity and the withering point. Viscous soil (generally with a clay content greater than 17%) can exhibit the following traits. it has a certain viscosity, but it is produced when it is formed into a 3mm thick mud strip. Fragmentation, the color is slightly deeper when adding water. Non-viscous soils (typically less than 17% clay) can exhibit the following traits. the color becomes slightly darker when water is added. c) Wet. The moisture content is close to the field water holding capacity, but there is no free water. Viscous soil (generally with a clay content greater than 17%) can exhibit the following traits. solid, can be smashed into 3mm thick mud without breaking, plus The color does not change deeply when water is used, and no moisture is released when squeezed. Non-viscous soil (generally less than 17% clay content) can exhibit the following traits. when the soil is in contact with the soil, the fingers are slightly moist, that is, the drill bit is used. There is no water that escapes from the pores when drilling into the soil. The color does not change when water is added. d) Very wet. Free water is present and all or part of the soil pores are saturated with water. Viscous soil (generally with a clay content greater than 17%) can exhibit the following traits. soft, easily smashed into 3mm thick mud strips, with moisture during pinching Released. Non-viscous soil (generally less than 17% clay content) can exhibit the following traits. when the soil touches the soil, the fingers become wet, and when the soil sample is pressed Visible free water. e) Saturated. Free water fills all soil pores. Viscous soil (generally with a clay content greater than 17%) can exhibit the following traits. mud, water soaked, and mud can pass through the soil when squeezed Refers to overflow. Non-viscous soils (typically less than 17% clay) can exhibit the following traits. significant water spills, and soil samples often become fluid. f) Flooded. The surface of the soil is covered by water. Only the upper layer that is close to the soil surface is considered. 7.5 The color of the soil layer (soil layer) matrix When the soil moisture state is "wet", it is determined by comparing the Mensell soil color card. 7.6 markings 7.6.1 General Speckle is a spot or plaque of various colors that is significantly different from the color of the matrix, and is also different from the surface of natural structures, wormholes, tuberculosis Or any change in the nodule. 7.6.2 Abundance The abundance of the markings is expressed in terms of levels, indicating the proportion of the exposed surface occupied by the markings. The following are widely used in soil description. Level (cf. the figure shown in Appendix A). 0 no. 0% 1 Very few. greater than 0% and less than or equal to 2% 2 less. greater than 2% and less than or equal to 5% 3 Moderate. greater than 5% and less than or equal to 15% 4 more. greater than 15% and less than or equal to 40% 5 rich. more than 40% 7.6.3 Color A full door color code should be provided, if conditions permit. 7.7 Estimation of organic matter content Although the estimation of organic matter in the wild is difficult and requires local experience, the estimation of organic matter content is very important, especially It is related to the interpretation of other soil variables. 0 lack or not detected

1 sufficient to deepen soil color

2 A fairly high organic matter content results in a darker soil and a lower density

3 Only organic substances can be detected

4 not......

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