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GB/T 18386.1-2021: [Including 2025XG1] Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric vehicles - Part 1: Light-duty vehicles Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid GB/T 18386.1: Historical versions
Similar standardsGB/T 18386.1-2021: Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric vehicles - Part 1: Light-duty vehicles---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT18386.1-2021 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 43.020 CCS T 47 Partially replacing GB/T 18386-2017 Test methods for energy consumption and range of electric vehicles - Part 1.Light-duty vehicles Issued on: MARCH 09, 2021 Implemented on: OCTOBER 01, 2021 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the PRC. Table of ContentsForeword... 4 Introduction... 6 1 Scope... 8 2 Normative references... 8 3 Terms and definitions... 8 4 Test conditions... 9 5 Test-related parameters and accuracy... 10 6 Test procedure... 11 7 Calculation of energy consumption and range... 19 8 Interpolation method for a certain vehicle... 25 9 Production conformity... 28 Appendix A (Informative) Test method for energy consumption and range when heater is turned on in a low-temperature environment... 31 Appendix B (Informative) Test method for energy consumption and range when air-conditioning refrigeration is turned on in a high-temperature environment 35 Appendix C (Normative) Selection of driving mode... 39 Appendix D (Informative) REESS state-of-charge curve... 42 Appendix E (Normative) Determination of REESS current and voltage... 44 Appendix F (Informative) Location of temperature measuring point... 461 ScopeThis document specifies the test methods for energy consumption and range of pure electric vehicles. This document is applicable to category N1 vehicles; categories M1 and M2 vehicles with the maximum design total mass not exceeding 3500 kg. Categories M1 and L5 vehicles with a maximum design total mass of more than 3500 kg may refer to it for implementation.2 Normative referencesThe contents of the following documents, through normative references in this text, constitute indispensable provisions of this document. Among them, for dated references, only the edition corresponding to that date applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 15089 Classification of power-driven vehicles and trailers GB 18352.6-2016 Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (CHINA 6) GB/T 19233-2020 Measurement methods of fuel consumption for light-duty vehicles GB/T 19596 Terminology of electric vehicles GB/T 38146.1-2019 China automotive test cycle - Part 1.Light-duty vehicles3 Terms and definitionsThe terms and definitions defined in GB/T 15089, GB/T 19596, GB 18352.6- 2016 and GB/T 38146.1-2019 apply to this document.4 Test conditions4.1 Environmental requirements 4.1.1 The temperature of the test room shall be set to 23 °C. The allowable deviation is ±5 °C. 4.1.2 The temperature of the immersion area shall be set to 23 °C. The allowable deviation is ±3 °C. 4.1.3 USE the moving arithmetic mean of every 5 min. There is no system deviation from the set temperature. The temperature shall be measured continuously. The sampling time interval shall not be greater than 1 min. 4.2 Test equipment 4.2.1 The equipment used for the test shall meet the relevant requirements of CD.1, CD.2 and CD.5 in GB 18352.6-2016. 4.2.2 See Table 1 for the requirements of other related parameters. 4.3 Test vehicles 4.3.1 All parts and components of the test vehicle shall meet the mass production requirements. If the test vehicle is different from mass production, a detailed explanation is required. 4.3.2 The vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent shall submit a vehicle, which represents the model under test, to the inspection agency responsible for the type test. If the vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent chooses to use the interpolation family, it shall choose a representative vehicle in the interpolation family. The same test vehicle should be used to represent vehicle H and vehicle L through different road load settings. 4.3.3 The test vehicle can be run-in according to the needs of the vehicle manufacturer or its authorized agent. And ensure that the machinery is in good condition. At the same time, under the condition of installing REESS, a certain range shall be run-in. The range must be greater than 300 km. At the same time, REESS shall experience at least one process from full charge to the lowest value of the state of charge (SOC). 4.3.4 The lubricant, specified by the vehicle manufacturer, shall be used and indicated in the test result report. 4.3.5 Except for drive purposes, all energy storage systems shall be charged to the maximum values (electric energy, hydraulic pressure, air pressure, etc.), specified by the vehicle manufacturer.5 Test-related parameters and accuracyThe related parameters and accuracy of the test results shall meet the requirements of Table 2.When calculating in accordance with the provisions of Clause 7, unless otherwise specified, the process data shall not be rounded.6 Test procedure6.1 General requirements 6.1.1 Road load measurement and dynamometer settings shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Attachment CC of GB 18352.6-2016.The maximum reference speed specified in CC.2.2 of the document is adjusted to 120 km/h in this document. If the driving resistance curve is provided by the vehicle manufacturer, a test report, calculation report or other relevant information shall be provided; and the inspection agency shall determine. The test cycle and related data in the relevant clauses of GB 18352.6-2016, cited in this document, shall be adjusted to CLTC. 6.1.2 Before the test, the vehicle manufacturer shall, in accordance with the provisions of 7.3, provide the BER information of the test vehicle to the inspection agency. If interpolation method is used, the BER of vehicle H in the interpolation family shall be provided. 6.1.3 The starting of the power system shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations of the vehicle manufacturer. 6.1.4 The vehicle shall be tested in accordance with the test cycle specified in 4.4.The vehicle shall be properly controlled, to accurately track the test cycle curve. The speed tolerance of each test cycle shall meet the requirements of C.1.2.6.6 in GB 18352.6-2016.For the situation in 6.2.1 b) that the accelerator pedal is fully depressed and the upper tolerance limit is exceeded, it is not treated as out of tolerance. 6.1.5 Before or at the beginning of the test, the energy consumption test shall be carried out. Each speed range shall be recorded separately. 6.1.6 As needed, vehicle manufacturers or their authorized agents can refer to Appendix A and Appendix B, to measure the energy consumption and range of vehicles in low-temperature and high-temperature environments, respectively. 6.2 Conditions for termination of tests 6.2.1 When conducting the test specified in 6.3.3, when the following conditions occur, the test shall be stopped. a) When testing in accordance with the conventional working condition method specified in 6.3.3.3; if the maximum vehicle speed declared for the vehicle is not less than the maximum vehicle speed of the CLTC and cannot meet the tolerance requirements specified in 6.1.4; the test shall be stopped. b) When testing in accordance with the conventional working condition method specified in 6.3.3.3; if the maximum speed declared for the vehicle is less than the maximum speed of CLTC; for the part exceeding the maximum speed declared for the vehicle, the test cycle shall be amended in accordance with the provisions of CA.5 in GB 18352.6-2016.At this time, the driver is required to depress the accelerator pedal to the end. The actual vehicle speed is allowed to exceed the upper tolerance limit specified in 6.1.4.However, when the lower tolerance limit requirements specified in 6.1.4 cannot be met, the test shall be stopped. When the target vehicle speed does not exceed the maximum speed declared for the vehicle, and the tolerance requirements specified in 6.1.4 cannot be met, the test shall be stopped. c) When testing in accordance with the shortening method specified in 6.3.3.4; in the constant-speed segment CSSE, if the vehicle fails to meet the lower tolerance limit requirements specified in 6.1.4 for 4 consecutive seconds; the test shall be stopped. 6.2.2 When the conditions for the end of the test are reached, the gear remains unchanged. The vehicle is allowed to coast to the lowest stable speed or 5 km/h. Then the brake pedal is depressed to stop. 6.3 Test code 6.3.1 Test steps The same test procedure shall be used to determine energy consumption and range. The test procedure includes the following 3 steps. a) Charge REESS for the first time (see 6.3.2); b) Carry out tests for energy consumption and range (see 6.3.3); c) After the test, recharge the REESS; measure the electric quantity charged from the outside (see 6.3.4). Between the execution of every two steps, if the vehicle needs to move, the power on the vehicle is not allowed; and the regenerative braking system does not work. 6.3.2 Initial charging of REESS 6.3.2.1 General Unless the vehicle manufacturer or REESS manufacturer has other regulations, the initial charging of REESS shall be carried out in accordance with the regulations of 6.3.2.2 and 6.3.2.3. The initial charging of REESS refers to the first charging of REESS after receiving the vehicle. If several specified tests or measurements are performed continuously, the first charging can be considered the initial charging. 6.3.2.2 Discharging of REESS REESS discharging shall be carried out in accordance with the procedures stipulated by the vehicle manufacturer. Vehicle manufacturers shall ensure that, REESS can discharge to the lowest SOC value. 6.3.2.3 Charging of REESS 6.3.2.3.1 Conventional charging For conventional charging, alternating-current charging is recommended. The charging power shall not be higher than 42 kW. When there are multiple alternating-current charging methods (such as conductive charging, inductive charging, etc.), the conductive charging method shall be used. If there are multiple levels of conductive charging power available, the highest charging power shall be used. If the vehicle manufacturer recommends, it is possible to choose a lower charging power. If the vehicle only has a direct-current charging method, or according to the recommendation of the vehicle manufacturer, and determined by the inspection agency, the direct-current charging method can be selected. Charging shall be carried out continuously. If a power failure occurs during the charging process, it shall be recorded in the test report; the reason shall be explained. The charging mode shall be selected according to the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer. At the ambient temperature specified in 4.1.2, REESS shall be charged in one of the following ways. a) On-board charger (if installed); b) External charger recommended by the vehicle manufacturer. The above charging procedures do not include any automatically or manually started special charging procedures, such as equalization charging mode or maintenance mode. Vehicle manufacturers shall declare that, no special charging procedures are performed during the test. The charging strategy that does not require additional operations for vehicles actually sold is not considered a special charging procedure. Vehicle manufacturers shall provide relevant supporting documents. 6.3.2.3.2 Criteria for end of charging When the on-board or external instrument shows that REESS is fully charged, it is judged that the charging is complete. If the on-board or external instrument sends out an obvious signal that REESS is not fully charged, in this case, the longest charging time is. 3×REESS energy (kWh)/supply power (kW), which is specified by the vehicle manufacturer. 6.3.3 Test process 6.3.3.1 Selection of driving mode For vehicles equipped with a driving mode selection function, the selection shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C.7 Calculation of energy consumption and range7.1 General 7.1.1 Relevant formulas for calculating energy consumption and range In order to calculate the energy consumption and range of the vehicle, formula (2)~formula (4) are indispensable. 7.1.2 Special requirements for test results For vehicles whose maximum speed is less than the maximum speed of CLTC, when the test report records the results of energy consumption and range, the maximum speed shall be explained. 7.2 Energy consumption Energy consumption is calculated according to formula (5). 7.3 Range 7.3.1 Scope based on conventional working condition method The range based on the conventional working condition method is calculated according to formula (6). 7.3.2 Range based on shortening method The range based on the shortening method is calculated according to formula (10).8 Interpolation method for a certain vehicle8.1 Interpolation family 8.1.1 Only the vehicles with the following same vehicle, power system and shift characteristics are allowed to share the same interpolation family. a) Drive motor type and quantity (structure type, asynchronous/synchronous, etc.), coolant type (air, liquid), and any other conditions that may affect energy consumption and range; b) REESS type [model, capacity, rated voltage, rated power, coolant type (liquid, air)]; c) Shift type (such as manual transmission, automatic transmission, CVT) and shift model (such as torque value, number of gears, number of clutches, etc.); d) Number of power shafts; e) Type of energy conversion between drive motor and REESS, between REESS and low-voltage energy supply, between REESS and charging socket; and other conditions that can affect energy consumption and range; f) All operating strategies in the power system that affect energy consumption and range; g) ௩ ratio (revolving speed of drive motor divided by vehicle speed). For the most-commonly-used gearbox types, the transmission ratio difference percentage shall be less than 8%. 8.1.2 According to the recommendations of vehicle manufacturers, vehicle H can be selected to represent all models in the interpolation family for testing. 8.2 Cycle energy demand of vehicles The cycle energy demand of vehicles in the interpolation family shall be calculated according to the provisions of CE.5 in GB 18352.6-2016.The road load factor and mass, involved in the calculation process, are determined according to CE.3.2.3.2.3 in GB 18352.6-2016. 8.3 Interpolation coefficient The interpolation coefficient of the vehicle is calculated according to formula (14). 8.4 Energy consumption of a certain vehicle The energy consumption of a certain vehicle is calculated according to formula (15). 8.5 Range of a certain vehicle The range of a certain vehicle is calculated according to formula (16). Where. 8.6 Road load family and road load matrix family If the vehicles meet the requirements of C.1.2.3.1.2 in GB 18352.6-2016, they can form the same road load family. If the vehicles meet the requirements of C.1.2.3.1.3 in GB 18352.6-2016, they can form the same road load matrix family. According to the requirements of vehicle manufacturers, one of the following two methods is used, to determine the road load of vehicles in the test family. a) In accordance with 6.1.1, as well as CC.4.2.1.1 of GB 18352.6-2016, the road load of vehicle H is tested. It is applicable to all vehicle models in the road load family and road load matrix family; b) In accordance with 6.1.1, the road loads of vehicle H and vehicle L are tested. And according to the relevant regulations of CC.4.2.1.2~CC.4.2.1.4 in GB 18352.6-2016, calculate the road load of all vehicle models in the road load family and road load matrix family.9 Production conformity9.1 General 9.1.1 Vehicle manufacturers shall, in accordance with 9.2, establish and implement a production conformity assurance plan. 9.1.2 It shall be determined according to 9.3 whether the production conformity meets the requirements. If a certain model cannot meet any of the requirements of the production conformity inspection, it is determined that, this model does not meet the production conformity requirements specified in this document. 9.1.3 The determination of production conformity is only applicable to the room- temperature test specified in Clause 7.The tests, under the special ambient temperatures specified in Appendix A and Appendix B, may refer to it for implementation, as needed. 9.1.4 For vehicles undergoing production conformity inspection, the running-in range does not need to meet the REESS minimum running-in range requirements specified in 4.3.3.Other production conformity test settings shall be consistent with the type certification tests specified in Clause 7.The vehicle preparation before the test shall be carried out, in accordance with the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer. 9.1.5 If a certain model has several extended models or interpolation family models, the production conformity test shall be carried out on the basic model, which is described in the application materials for the first type test. If the basic model for the first type test has been discontinued, the production conformity test shall be carried out on the extended models or the interpolation family models. 9.2 Production conformity assurance plan 9.2.1 Vehicle manufacturers shall randomly select multiple vehicles from the same batch of products; in accordance with 9.2.2, check the production conformity of the products. 9.2.2 Carry out the test in accordance with the provisions of 6.3.3.3 or 6.3.3.4. This test only carries out the first test cycle. According to formula (2), determine the energy consumption of this cycle, ECDC,first CLTC. Based on the energy consumption ECDC,COP determined by formula (17), according to the relevant regulations of 8.1.2~8.3.5 in GB/T 19233-2020, it is determined whether the vehicle meets the requirements of production conformity. For the fixed gradient coefficient specified in 8.1.3.4 of the document, when determining the energy consumption production conformity, 0.96 shall be used. Where. ECDC,COP - The production conformity target value of energy consumption in the first test cycle based on the amount of change in REESS electric energy, in watt-hours per kilometer (Wh/km); ECDC,c1 - When the type certification test specified in 7.4 is carried out, the energy consumption of the 1st test cycle based on the change of REESS electric energy, which is calculated according to formula (2), in watt-hours per kilometer (Wh/km). If the type certification test is carried out multiple times, this value is the arithmetic mean of the multiple tests; AFAC - An adjustment factor determined based on the declared composite value of energy consumption in 7.4 and the result of the type certification test. Calculate according to formula (18); Where. ECAC,declared - The declared composite value of energy consumption provided by vehicle manufacturer in accordance with the provisions of 7.4.2.1, in watt- hours per kilometer (Wh/km); EC - When the type certification test specified in 7.4 is carried out, the consumption of the energy obtained from the outside, which is calculated according to formula (5), in watt-hours per kilometer (Wh/km). If the type certification test is carried out multiple times, this value is the arithmetic mean of the multiple tests. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. |
