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Delivery: <= 6 days. True-PDF full-copy in English will be manually translated and delivered via email. GB/T 16856-2015: Safety of machinery -- Risk assessment -- Practical guidance and examples of methods Status: Valid GB/T 16856: Historical versions
Basic dataStandard ID: GB/T 16856-2015 (GB/T16856-2015)Description (Translated English): Safety of machinery -- Risk assessment -- Practical guidance and examples of methods Sector / Industry: National Standard (Recommended) Classification of Chinese Standard: J09 Classification of International Standard: 13.110 Word Count Estimation: 39,358 Date of Issue: 2015-12-10 Date of Implementation: 2016-07-01 Older Standard (superseded by this standard): GB/T 16856.2-2008 Quoted Standard: GB/T 15706-2012 Adopted Standard: ISO/TR 14121-2-2012, MOD Regulation (derived from): National Standard Announcement 2015 No.38 Issuing agency(ies): General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China Summary: This standard specifies the implementation guidelines for the risk assessment of machines in accordance with ISO/IEC 15706-2012 and describes the various methods and tools associated with each step in the process. This International Standard is intended to be used for risk assessment of the complexity and potential hazards of a wide range of machines and to provide examples of different risk mitigation measures. The intended users of this standard are those involved in the design, installation or improvement of safety into the machinery (eg designers, technicians, safety specialists). Appendix A provides specific examples of applying the risk assessment and risk reduction processes. GB/T 16856-2015: Safety of machinery -- Risk assessment -- Practical guidance and examples of methods---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order. Safety of machinery.Risk assessment.Practical guidance and examples of methods ICS 13.110 J09 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replacing GB/T 16856.2-2008 Mechanical safety risk assessment Examples of implementation guidelines and methods 2015-12-10 released 2016-07-01 implementation General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People 's Republic of China China National Standardization Management Committee released Directory Preface I Introduction III 1 Scope 1 2 normative reference document 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Preparation for risk assessment4.1 General 1 4.2 Conducting risk assessment using the assessment team 5 risk assessment process 2 5.1 General 2 5.2 Determination of mechanical limitations 2 5.3 Hazard identification 3 5.4 Risk estimates 5 6 Risk Estimation Tool 7 6.1 Overview 7 6.2 Risk Matrix Method 7 6.3 Risk Chart 9 6.4 Numerical Scoring 11 6.5 Hybrid Tool 12 Risk Assessment 15 8 risk reduction 16 8.1 Overview 16 8.2 Intrinsically Safe Design 16 8.3 Safety and/or supplementary protection measures 8.4 Use of information 17 8.5 Standard operating procedures 9 Risk assessment iteration 18 Risk Assessment Document 18 Appendix A (informative) Examples of application of risk assessment and risk reduction processes Reference 33ForewordThis standard is drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2009. This standard replaces GB/T 16856.2-2008 "Mechanical safety risk assessment Part 2. Examples of implementation guidelines and methods", and GB/T 16856.2-2008 compared to the editorial changes in the main technical changes are as follows. --- GB/T 16856 "mechanical safety risk assessment" originally composed of two parts, of which the first part of GB/T 16856.1-2008 "Safety assessment of mechanical safety Part 1. Principles" has been GB/T 15706-2012 "Mechanical safety design general wind Risk assessment and risk reduction "instead, so GB/T 16856 part 2 GB/T 16856.2-2008 this revision from the original To the part of the standard number to a separate standard number; --- modified the standard name; --- Amend the terms and guidelines in line with GB/T 15706-2012; - Reduced examples of relevant methods and tools that are described in describing hazard identification and risk estimation (see 5.3, 5.4 and 6,.2008 Chapter 4.2.3, Chapter 5, Chapter 6 and Appendix A); --- adjust the standard structure. 1) The contents of the "Risk Assessment Tool" are compiled into chapters at the level of the chapter and raised to the level of the chapter (see Chapter 6, 5.4.4 for the.2008 edition); 2) the addition of the examples listed in Appendix A of GB/T 16856.2-2008 and its previous examples and the quantitative risk estimates description; 3) The numbering of the data entry Appendix "Application Examples for Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction Process" is adjusted from Appendix B to Appendix A (see Appendix A, Appendix B of the.2008 edition). This standard uses the re-drafting method to modify ISO /T R14121-2..2012 "Mechanical Safety Risk Assessment Part 2. Implementation South and method examples. " The technical differences between this and ISO /T R14121-2..2012 and the reasons are as follows. - the use of a separate standard to modify the use of a separate part of the published ISO technical report; --- deleted the ISO /T R14121-2..2012 preface, re-prepared the preamble; --- use the date of reference to the use of the corresponding international standards of our standard instead of ISO /T R14121-2..2012 Note the date cited With the international standards; - consistent with the standard structure of GB/T 15706-2012, the ISO /T R14121-2..2012 8.3 "security" and 8.4 "Supplementary protection and/or risk mitigation measures" are incorporated into this standard 8.3 "Safety and/or supplementary protection measures Shi "in the terms; - the terms of discussion discussed in ISO /T R14121-2..2012 6.2.2.6, 6.3.3 and 6.4.3; For the international standards listed in the list of international and foreign documents listed in the references, if there is a national standard, With the equivalent or modified use of international standards instead of our standard. In order to facilitate the use of this standard also ISO /T R14121-2..2012 made the following editorial changes. Replace this document with "this standard"; --- changed the standard name. There are technical differences between this and ISO /T R14121-2..2012, and the terms involved in these differences have passed through the margin The vertical single line (|) of the position is marked. Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuer of this document does not assume responsibility for the identification of these patents. This standard is proposed by the National Machinery Safety Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC208). The main drafting unit of this standard. Fujian Minetuo Technology Co., Ltd., Lihong Safety Equipment Engineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., the state machine Bed quality supervision and inspection center, mechanical science research institute, national engineering machinery quality supervision and inspection center, Changchun Institute of Mechanical Science limited Company, Nanjing Forestry University Institute of Optoelectronic Engineering, Rockwell Automation (China) Co., Ltd., Siemens (China) Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard. Zhu Bin, Hou Hongying, Fu Huiqing, Zhao Qinzhi, Li Qin, Wang Xuezhi, Li Jianyou, Ning Yan, Ju Ronghua, Chu Weizhong, Yu Ma Lin, Chen Nengyu, Qui Likai, Cheng Hongbing, Xu Kai, Zhang Xiaofei, Wang Xiwei, Wang Zheng, Liu Zhiyong, Yi Xia, Lu Lina. This standard replaced the previous version of the standard release. --- GB/T 16856.2-2008.IntroductionThe purpose of risk assessment is to identify hazards, estimate and evaluate risks in order to reduce risk. There are many ways and tools available to implement this For a purpose, this standard describes several of these methods and tools. Which method or tool to choose depends mainly on the industry, company or individual Preferences. Choosing a specific method or tool is no more important than the risk assessment process itself. As long as the risk of identification to reduce the risk of the Department Method, you can consider all the risk elements. The risk assessment pays more attention to the rigor of the process than the accuracy of its results. If, after the completion of the mechanical design or the machinery has been made additional protection and/or risk reduction measures, the design, the additional Of the protective measures will increase the cost and may limit the ease of use of machinery. Changing the machine at the design stage is usually more economical and there is Therefore, it is very useful to conduct a risk assessment at the mechanical design stage. This standard evaluates the risk assessment of the completed mechanical design and the risk assessment of the prototype and the experience of the use of the machine. Face has a practical significance. In addition to risk assessment during the design phase, during manufacturing and during commissioning, the principles and methods given in this standard apply to The assessment of existing machinery or improvements is also applicable to the assessment of service machinery at any time, for example, in the event of an accident or failure. Mechanical safety risk assessment Examples of implementation guidelines and methods1 ScopeThis standard gives an implementation guide for risk assessment of machinery according to GB/T 15706-2012 and describes each step in the process Related to various methods and tools. This standard is intended for risk assessment of the complexity and potential hazards of various machines and gives a different risk reduction Examples of insurance measures. The intended users of this standard are those who are involved in the design, installation or improvement of the safety into the machinery (eg, the designer, Technician, security expert). Appendix A gives specific examples of applying risk assessment and risk reduction processes.2 normative reference documentsThe following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, the only dated edition applies to this article Pieces. For undated references, the latest edition (including all modifications) applies to this document. GB/T 15706-2012 General principles of mechanical safety design Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100..2010, IDT)3 terms and definitionsGB/T 15706-2012 Definitions and the following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 Manufacturer manufacturer Supplier supplier An entity that provides equipment or services related to a machine or machine component (eg, designer, manufacturer, contractor, installer, integrated By). Note. Users can also be their own suppliers.4 Preparation for risk assessment4.1 General The objectives and scope of the risk assessment should be clearly defined. The supplier shall carry out the risk assessment of the machine machine including the machine control system according to GB/T 15706-2012. Note. Refer to Chapter 1 for the purpose of the proposed risk assessment and/or the user. 4.2 Use the assessment team to conduct risk assessment 4.2.1 General requirements The composition of the assessment team to carry out risk assessment is usually more thorough and effective. The size of the assessment team varies depending on the following conditions. A) the selected risk assessment method; B) the complexity of the machine; C) the process of using the machine. The assessment team should be composed of experts with different disciplines of knowledge, experience and expertise. However, the assessment team is too likely to cause It is difficult to maintain consensus or reach a consensus. The composition of the assessment team during the risk assessment process, depending on the specific skills required by the specific issue Can change. It is advisable to explicitly implement the project's assessment team because the success of the risk assessment depends on its skills. The risk estimate should be completed by a team and reached a consensus, and the different team's detailed results for the analysis of the similar situation Not necessarily exactly the same. However, it is not always necessary to establish a risk assessment assessment team in practice, since some mechanical hazards have been sufficient Cognition. Note. By consulting other persons with knowledge and expertise as described in 4.2.2 and examining the risk assessment by another qualified person, The credibility of the risk assessment. 4.2.2 Composition and role of the members of the assessment team The assessment team should have a group leader, the group leader should ensure that the risk assessment in line with GB/T 15706-2012 Chapter 7 requirements, in the Zoning, all tasks involved in the implementation process and in the preparation of the document are fully responsible and report the assessment results and/or recommendations to the appropriate personnel. Members of the assessment team should be selected based on the skills and expertise required for risk assessment. The following groups should be included in the assessment team. A) who can answer questions about mechanical design and functional aspects of technology; B) personnel with practical experience such as mechanical operation, commissioning, maintenance and repair; C) persons who understand the history of such mechanical accidents; D) familiar with the relevant laws and regulations, standards, in particular GB/T 15706 and the specific safety issues associated with the machinery evaluated; E) Personnel who understand human factors (see GB/T 15706-2012, 5.5.3.4). 4.2.3 Selection of methods and tools This standard is intended for risk assessment of machinery with very different levels of complexity and potential hazards, for the purpose of conducting risk assessment There are also many instruments and tools (see Chapter 6). When choosing a method or tool to estimate the risk, it is advisable to consider the possible nature of the machinery, The purpose of risk assessment. It is also advisable to consider the risk assessment of the assessment team's skills, experience and preferences for specific methods. Chapter 5 provides the risk The evaluation process selects additional information for each step of the appropriate method and the criteria for the tool. 4.2.4 Sources of risk assessment information The information required for risk assessment is listed in 5.2 of GB/T 15706-2012. The information may be passed, such as technical drawings, charts, photographs (Including maintenance records and standard operating procedures (SOP)], and other forms of carrier access. If it can be Row, similar machines or designed prototypes are often also useful.5 risk assessment process5.1 General The following sections describe what should be considered at each step of the risk assessment process shown in Figure 1 in GB/T 15706-2012. 5.2 Determination of mechanical limits Note. The following sections detail some of the requirements of 5.3 in GB/T 15706-2012. 5.2.1 Overview The purpose of this step is to mechanical properties and physical properties, mechanical completion of the function of the ability to use, can be reasonably expected misuse, machinery Use and maintain the possible environmental conditions, give a clear description. By checking the function of the machine and working with how to use the machinery to help achieve the purpose and requirements. 5.2.2 Mechanical (machine-based) functions The machine may be described in terms of mechanical structure and, as in the following modes of operation, depending on the components, mechanisms or functions. --- power source; ---control; --- operating mode; --- feeding; Movement/movement Enhance - to provide stability and/or mobility of the rack or chassis; ---annex. When the introduction of protection and/or risk reduction measures in the design, they should describe their functions and the interaction with other functions of machinery effect. Risk Assessment Each functional component should be viewed in turn to ensure proper consideration of various operating modes and all stages of use, Other functional or functional components related to human-machine interaction. 5.2.3 Use of machinery (based on mission) By considering all the personnel who are scheduled to interact with the machinery in a given environment (eg factory, home), according to the use of the machine and Reasonably foreseen misuse of related tasks to describe the use of machinery. Note. For a typical and/or general list of mechanical tasks, see Table B.3 in GB/T 15706-2012. Machinery suppliers and users should communicate with each other, as far as possible, to ensure that all machines that include reasonably misinterpreted, use. Therefore, the following factors should be considered in addition to the operation and maintenance of personnel in the analysis of tasks and work conditions. A) the availability of information that can be obtained with the machine; B) the easiest or quickest way to complete the task may differ from those in the guidelines, procedures and instructions; C) the response of a person to a failure, event or failure when using the machine; D) Human error. As long as the designer and/or the manufacturer can properly understand this knowledge, the use of the machine and/or the operation of the various conditions of the test Is effective. In these cases, the manufacturer shall consider the intended use of the machine and the reasonable misuse that may be reasonably foreseeable. 5.3 Hazard identification Note. see GB/T 15706-2012 5.4. 5.3.1 Overview The purpose of hazard identification is to form a list of dangerous, dangerous and/or hazardous events that can describe the state of danger When and how to cause injury to the occasion of the accident. The identification of the relevant hazards can be made from Appendix B of GB/T 15706-2012, This appendix can be used as a general list of hazard checks. Other hazards may be based on the information given in 5.4 of GB/T 15706-2012 Identify. Refer to criteria related to specific hazards or specific types of mechanical safety, for hazard identification and expected protection and/or risk reduction measures Shi are very useful. Hazard identification is the most important step in any risk assessment. Only after the danger is identified, it is possible to take action to reduce it Relevant risks (see Chapter 6), unidentified hazards may cause injury. Therefore, as described in 5.5.3 of GB/T 15706-2012 It is essential to ensure that hazard identification is as systematic and comprehensive as possible. Note 1. 5.3.4 gives an example of a hazard identification tool. Note 2. Examples of specific hazard-related standards. electrical hazard is GB 5226.1. Note 3. Examples of specific mechanical safety standards. The standard for robots is ISO 10218; the standards associated with textile machinery are ISO 11111 (all sections Points); the standard associated with industrial vehicles is GB 10827 (all parts). 5.3.2 Hazard identification methods The most effective method or tool is to ensure that all phases of the mechanical life cycle and all mechanical operations Mode, all functions and those tasks of those methods or tools. At present, there are many ways to systematically identify hazards. The most commonly used are the following two methods (see Figure 1). Top-down method, the method to potential consequences (such as cutting, extrusion, hearing loss, see GB/T 15706-2012 in Table B.1 and Table B.2) as a starting point to determine the risk of injury (the identification process is traced back to a dangerous state by a dangerous event, Dating back to danger itself). Each of the checklists is applied to each stage of the mechanical use, each component, each Can and/or task. One of the shortcomings of the top-down approach is that the assessment team is overly dependent on a checklist that may not be perfect. A lack of experience Of the assessment group may not be able to properly use the method. Therefore, the checklist should not be considered as perfect, but should be encouraged beyond the scope of the list Creative thinking. Figure 1 top-down and bottom-up approach From bottom to top, to check all the hazards as a starting point, consider all possible errors in the identified dangerous state (eg, Component failure, human error, mechanical failure or accidental action) and the manner in which it causes injury (see Table B.1 and Table 1 of GB/T 15706-2012 B.2). The bottom-up law is more thorough than the top-down method, but may take too much time. Note. Figure 1 explains the structure of a hazard identification method, but the flow chart does not define the relationship between a dangerous state, a risk event, and an injury. 5.3.3 Information records The risk of identification should be recorded with the progress of hazard identification. Any system for recording information should be organized in an appropriate manner, To ensure that the following information is clearly described. A) Danger and its location (danger zone); B) the state of danger, the type of person specified (eg maintenance per......Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of GB/T 16856-2015_English be delivered?Answer: Upon your order, we will start to translate GB/T 16856-2015_English as soon as possible, and keep you informed of the progress. The lead time is typically 4 ~ 6 working days. 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