GB 2494-2014 English PDF

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GB 2494-2014: Bonded abrasive products -- Safety requirements
Status: Valid

GB 2494: Historical versions

Standard ID	USD	BUY PDF	Lead-Days	Standard Title (Description)	Status
GB 2494-2014	579	Add to Cart	5 days	Bonded abrasive products -- Safety requirements	Valid
GB 2494-2003	199	Add to Cart	2 days	Bonded abrasive products -- Safety rules	Obsolete
GB 2494-1995	199	Add to Cart	2 days	Safety rules for bounded abrasives	Obsolete
GB 2494-1984	RFQ	ASK	3 days	Safety rules for bounded abrasives	Obsolete

Similar standards

GB/T 2493   GB/T 2480   GB/T 23541   GB/T 2484   GB/T 2490   

Basic data

Standard ID: GB 2494-2014 (GB2494-2014)
Description (Translated English): Bonded abrasive products -- Safety requirements
Sector / Industry: National Standard
Classification of Chinese Standard: J43
Classification of International Standard: 25.100.70
Word Count Estimation: 25,251
Date of Issue: 6/9/2014
Date of Implementation: 1/1/2015
Older Standard (superseded by this standard): GB 2494-2003
Quoted Standard: GB/T 2484; GB/T 2485; GB/T 2492; GB/T 2493; GB 4674; GB/T 16458; GB/T 17588; JB/T 4175; JB/T 7992; JB/T 10450
Regulation (derived from): National Standards Bulletin No. 11 of 2014
Issuing agency(ies): General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
Summary: This Standard specifies safety requirements abrasive terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations, a list of major hazards, safety requirements, test methods, inspection rules, acceptance and storage, installation and use.

GB 2494-2014: Bonded abrasive products -- Safety requirements

---This is a DRAFT version for illustration, not a final translation. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.) will be manually/carefully translated upon your order.
Bonded abrasive products.Safety requirements ICS 25.100.70 J43 National Standards of People's Republic of China Replacing GB 2494-2003 Safety requirements for bonded abrasive Issued on. 2014-06-09 2015-01-01 implementation Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China released

Table of Contents

Introduction Ⅲ 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 4 Symbols and abbreviations 2 5 major risk list 3 6 Safety requirements 3 7 Test Method 15 15 8 Inspection Rules 9 Acceptance and storage 17 Installation and use 17 10 Appendix A (informative) Petiole grinding 18

Foreword

The standard Chapter 7 and 6.3.3 are recommended, the rest are mandatory. This standard was drafted in accordance with GB/T 1.1-2009 given rules. This standard replaces GB 2494-2003 "ordinary abrasive safety rules," compared with GB 2494-2003 The main technical changes are as follows. --- Modify the normative references (see Chapter 2, Chapter 2, 2003 edition); --- Increased terms and definitions (see Chapter 3); --- Adds symbols and abbreviations (see Chapter 4); --- Adds significant risk list (see Chapter 5); --- Modify the maximum operating speed of grinding tools (see 6.1 and 64, 2003, edition Chapter 3.); --- Increasing the general requirements (see 6.2); --- Rotary abrasive increased strength requirements (see 6.3.1); --- Increased Petiole grinding safety factor (see 6.3.2); --- Increased lateral load requirements (see 6.3.3); --- Increasing the abrasive permitted unbalance requirements (see 6.5); --- Increasing the abrasive marking requirements (see 6.6); --- Increasing the test methods (see Chapter 7); --- Increased inspection rules (see Chapter 8); --- Modified abrasive acceptance and storage (see Chapter 9, Chapter 4, 2003 edition); --- Modify the installation and use of abrasive (see Chapter 10, Chapter 5, 2003 edition). The standard proposed by China Machinery Industry Federation. This standard by the National Standardization Technical Committee Abrasives (SAC/TC139) centralized. This standard was drafted. Zhengzhou Institute of Abrasives grinding, pigeons Abrasives Co., Luxin Venture Capital Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen City, two sand Shenlian Ltd., Zhuhai Elephant Abrasives Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard. Zhong Yan Zheng Zhou shore, Majian Yong, Yang Shaojun, Laitian Zhong, He Xiaorong. This standard replaces the standards previously issued as follows. --- GB 2494-1995, GB 2494-2003. Safety requirements for bonded abrasive

1 Scope

This standard specifies the safety requirements for abrasive terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations, a list of major hazards, safety technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, inspection and storage, installation and use. This standard applies to abrasive.

2 Normative references

The following documents for the application of this document is essential. For cited documents with dates, only the dated edition applies to this document. For undated references, the latest edition (including any amendments) applies to this document. GB/T 2484 General requirements for bonded abrasive GB/T 2485 abrasive technical conditions GB/T 2492 ordinary abrasive grinding wheel allows the delivery of unbalance measurement Rotation test GB/T 2493 wheel GB 4674 grinding machine safety regulations GB/T 16458 Abrasives term GB/T 17588 Basic terms grinding wheel JB/T 4175 fiber-reinforced resin bonded abrasive cutting wheel JB/T 7992 ordinary abrasive appearance, dimensions and geometric tolerances Test Method JB/T 10450 ordinary abrasive inspection rules

3 Terms and Definitions

GB/T 16458 and GB/T 17588 and defined by the following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1 Grinding Equipment 3.1.1 Stationary equipment stationarymachines It is fixed at a certain position of the machine during operation, including the use of swing is firmly fixed machine and mobile machine. 3.1.2 Mobile devices mobilemachines Operation is not fixed, in the course of manipulation by hand, but not handheld machines. 3.1.3 Handheld device hand-heldmachines Grinding jobs held in the hands of the grinding machine. 3.1.4 Fully enclosed equipment machineswithtotalyenclosedworkingarea Fixture with so personnel from rupture caused by abrasive hazards shield, processing (including loading and unloading of the workpiece) are Inside the machine conducted. 3.2 grinding method 3.2.1 Cutting cutting-off With a cutting wheel cutting or notching the outer periphery. 3.2.2 Heavy Duty Grinding highpressuregrinding The contact pressure is greater than 1500N under grinding conditions. 3.3 Application Type Table 1. Table 1 Application Type Grinding Equipment Type Application Type abrasive workpiece Stationary equipment operated by mechanical grinding Fixed mechanically operated Mechanically operated fixed Mechanically operated mechanically operated Fixed and mobile devices Manually operated grinding Manually operated fixed Manually operated fixed Handheld devices handheld grinding Manually operated fixed 3.3.1 Mechanically operated grinding mechanicalyguidedgrinding Abrasive and/or workpiece feed movement manipulated by mechanical means. 3.3.2 Manually operated grinding manualyguidedgrinding Abrasive and/or workpiece feed motion manipulated manually by the operator. 3.3.3 Handheld grinding hand-heldgrinding Entire grinding machine operated by an operator hand.

4 Symbols and Abbreviations

GB/T 2484 and symbols given in Table 2 and abbreviations apply to this document. Table 2 speed, line speed and safety factor symbol Abbreviated name defined unit nab grinding deflection speed centrifugal force grinding spindle deflection speed r/min nmax maximum speed abrasive work at the highest speed in revolutions per minute r/min vs maximum operating speed of abrasive maximum allowable line speed m/s TABLE 2 (cont.) Abbreviated name defined unit vpr safety testing by the manufacturer of the test speed line speed m/s Fpr safety factor ratio test speed test speed and maximum safe operating speed of. fpr = vpr/vs - fbr rupture velocity coefficient minimum burst speed and maximum operating speed ratio. fbr = vbrmin/vs - vbr rupture velocity abrasive broken line speed at the time of rotating centrifugal force m/s vbrmin minimum burst speed of abrasive should be at least, and without the occurrence of rupture due to centrifugal force line speed m/s Sbr prevent centrifugal force caused by rupture safety factor rupture speed and the maximum operating speed of the square of the ratio. Sbr = (vbr/vs) 2 - Sab Petiole grinding spindle deflection deflection velocity divided by the safety factor maximum speed. Sab = nab/nmax - A wheel anti-lateral impact force impact force N · m FS1 single point of lateral resistance to lateral load wheel single point of impact N FS3 three lateral load wheel anti-lateral three impact N

5 major risk list

Bonded Abrasives major hazard and cause analysis are shown in Table 3. Table Major Hazard Analysis and Its Causes Schedule 3 abrasive Terms danger dangerous situation of the name of the relevant standard Fragments fly 1. Wheel breakdown. - Poorly designed 6.1,6.2,6.3 and 6.4 - Manufacturing defects 6.1 - Inappropriate choice 6.6 - Improper handling and storage Chapter 9 - Improper use (installation and grinding) 10.2 2. The abrasive into blocks off Chapter 9 and Chapter 10 vibration Imbalance value is too large. - Manufacturing defects 6.4 and 6.5 - Improper use Chapter 10 - Incorrect installation 10.2

6 Safety requirements

6.1 General When using abrasive should be able to meet the principles of force and load resistance expected, and designed in accordance with the following maximum operating speed range And manufacturing. < 16-16-20-25-32-35-40-45-50-63 (or 60) 1-70 (or 72) -80-100-125, units of m/s. 6.2 General Requirements 6.2.1 Appearance Abrasives appearance should be consistent with GB/T 2485 requirements, there is a separate product standard shall comply with the separate requirements of product standards. 6.2.2 safe speed Safe speed test is used to identify those defects significantly affect the abrasive strength. Table 4 for a safety factor of 1.75 and 2.0 mill Tools, test speed safety factor of 1.1; other abrasive safety coefficient test speed of all 1.3. 6.3 strength requirements 6.3.1 safety factor Abrasives (excluding stalk grinding) safety factor shall comply with the requirements of Table 4. Table 4 safety factor Machine type abrasive type the maximum operating speed vs/(m/s) safety factor Sbr rupture velocity factor fbr Stationary Equipment Cutting wheel (510mm≤D≤750mm) ≤125 2.0 1.41 Cutting wheel (D > 750mm) ≤125 1.75 1.32 All other types of all 3.0 1.73 Mobile equipment grinding and cutting wheels ≤100 3.0 1.73 Handheld devices grinding and cutting wheels ≤100 3.0 1.73 6.3.2 Petiole grinding of the safety factor Petiole grinding the maximum operating speed should be having Sbr = safety factor of 3.0 in order to prevent breakage caused by the centrifugal force. Petiole grinding Shank should have safety factor Sab = 1.3 to prevent deflection, see Appendix A. 6.3.3 Lateral load capacity Handheld fiber reinforced cymbals grinding wheels (type 27, type 28), a fiber-reinforced flat shaped cutting wheels (type 41) and fiber-reinforced cymbals Cut Wheel (Type 42), the lateral load capacity should meet the requirements of Table 5. Table 5 Lateral load Abrasives Maximum operating speed vs m/s The outer diameter D mm Lateral load Lateral load test three single point load test side impact test A single point of lateral load FS1 Three lateral load FS3 A force of impact N · m Type 27 and Type 28 ≤80 115≤D < 150 290 - - 150≤D < 180 290 - 4.5 180≤D < 230 290 - 5.4 D≥230 290 - 6.9 Table 5 (Continued) Abrasives Maximum operating speed vs m/s The outer diameter D mm Lateral load Lateral load test three single point load test side impact test A single point of lateral load FS1 Three lateral load FS3 A force of impact N · m Cutting wheel (Type 41 and Type 42) ≤80 < 80 80≤vs≤100 115≤D < 150 40 - - 150≤D < 180 50 - 1.0 180≤D < 230 50 - 1.2 230≤D < 300 50 - 1.5 300≤D≤406 60 65 3.0 300≤D≤406 100 120 4.0 6.4 size limit and a maximum operating speed Size limit and the maximum operating speed of abrasive should be consistent with the provisions in Table 6. 6.5 permissible unbalance Abrasive permitted unbalance shall comply with GB/T 2492's. 6.6 mark Content abrasive flag shall comply with GB/T 2485's.

7 Test methods

7.1 General inspection 7.1.1 visual inspection Visual inspection in accordance with the provisions of JB/T 7992's. 7.1.2 safe speed test When mounted on the abrasive wheel rotation test machine consistent with GB/T 2493 regulations, gradually increasing speed to the test speed to maintain 30s. 7.2 strength test 7.2.1 rupture speed test The abrasive grinding wheel mounted on a rotary testing machine in line with GB/T 2493 regulations, gradually increasing speed to a minimum burst speed. If the abrasive reaches minimum speed without rupture rupture was qualified. After all burst speed test abrasive should be destroyed. 7.2.2 Lateral load test Lateral load test method in accordance with the provisions of JB/T 4175's. 7.3 unbalance measurement Unbalance measuring method according to GB/T 2492 regulations.

8 Inspection Rules

8.1 factory inspection The main items of factory inspection and minimum detection percentage amount shall be in accordance with Table 7 and JB/T 10450 of. Table 7 factory inspection rules Abrasives Name Type binding agent size mm Maximum working speed The percent volume of minimum test Security Speed Test Burst speed Test Exterior Detect Unreinforced flat-shaped cutting wheel 41 B, R D < 150 All - - 100% All 150≤D≤406 5% 0.1% 100% D > 406 all 5% - 100% Table 7 (continued) Abrasives Name Type binding agent size mm Maximum working speed The percent volume of minimum test Security Speed Test Burst speed Test Exterior Detect Enhanced flat shape and cymbals Shaped cutting wheel 41,42 BF, RF D < 100 All - - 100% All 100≤D≤406 - 0.1% 100% D > 406 5% 0.1% All 100% Enhanced flat-shaped grinding wheel, reinforced double helical Side wheel, enhanced single-sided concave Enhanced wheel and cymbals shape grinding wheel 1,4,5, 27,28 BF, RF D < 100 All - - 100% All 100≤D≤406 - 0.1% 100% D > 406 5% 0.1% All 100% Heavy Duty wheel 1 BD≥400 ≤100 100% - 100% Bonding or clamping cylindrical and disc sand Round, flat shape and a cylindrical bolt Wheel 2,35, 36,37 V, B, R, PL all < 50 - - 100% ≥50 10% 0.1% 100% Grinding segments 31 V, B, R all - - - 100% Petiole grinding 52 V, B, R, PL D≤80 ≤63 - - 100% Grinding 16,17,18,19 V, B, RD≤80 all - - 100% Cup-shaped grinding wheel and the wheel bowl 6,11 V, B, R, PL D > 125 ≤40 5% - 100% > 4010% 0.1% 100% All other abrasive All Percent yield, at least one batch. In the case of security or rupture speed test speed test can be accepted, you can choose one. 8.2 delegate and supervise test Bonded Abrasives safe speed and burst speed test rules in Table 8, the remaining requirements for inspection in accordance with the provisions of JB/T 10450 of. Table 8 delegate and supervise safe speed test speed test and rupture rule Machine type abrasive type sample size safe speed test speed test rupture percentage amount percentage amount Stationary Equipment Grinding wheel (500mm≤D≤1100mm) 10 strip 90.% 10% Grinding wheel (1100mm \u003cD≤ 1600mm or T≥400mm) 10 100% a - All other types of 10 80% 20% Mobile equipment grinding and cutting wheel 10 80% 20% Handheld devices and cutting grinding wheel 10 80% 20% a safe speed test at 1.5 times the maximum operating speed will be.

9 Acceptance and storage

9.1 abrasive handling should prevent vibration and impact. 9.2 abrasive when stacked, stacking height should not exceed 1.5m. 9.3 abrasive should be stored to prevent deformation. 9.4 abrasive shall be stored in moisture-proof antifreeze. 9.5 resin, rubber and magnesite bonded abrasives stored for longer than one year, should be re safe speed test, to confirm qualified before use. 9.6 Where the requirements of the operating speed of abrasive shall be marked maximum operating speed. 10 Installation and use 10.1 Using the unit after receiving the abrasive should be carefully tested, to see whether there are cracks and damage, with a wooden hammer percussion should issue clear voice before use should be safe speed test, speed test without the security of non-abrasive installation use. 10.2 abrasive install, operate and use the equipment according to the requirements of the implementation of the provisions of GB 4674.

Appendix A

(Informative) Petiole grinding A.1 maximum allowable rotation speed calculation examples According to 6.3.2, should Sab = 1.3 Shank grinder grinding handle to prevent deflection of the grinding depends largely offset grinding unsupported protruding parts. To ensure that each length of the jig are consistent with the safety factor, the maximum spindle speed should be allowed to function without the support of the projecting part is given. It can be determined by calculation as a non-support function of protruding portion of the maximum speed, and has the following relationship (symbol table A.2). Approximate center of gravity distance Lm and equivalent mass m should be determined as a function of the shape of the grinding, Table A.1. Table A.1 centroid distance Lm and translation quality m Petiole grinding centroid distance Lm and translation quality m Petiole cylindrical grinding Description. 1 --- jig Petiole round cone grinding Description. 1 --- jig Table A.1 (CONTINUED) Petiole grinding centroid distance Lm and translation quality m Petiole spherical grinding Description. 1 --- jig Petiole grinding hemispherical Description. 1 --- jig Shank 60 ° cone grinding head (complete cone) Description. 1 --- jig Petiole elliptical cone grinding Description. 1 --- jig Petiole grinding frustum Description. 1 --- jig Table A.2 Symbol and parameters for further instructions Abbreviation Description Unit L0 Petiole grinding handle unsupported section mm L1 stalk grinding clamping length mm Elastic modulus E Petiole grinding handle material N/mm2 Re Petiole grinding handle material yield limit N/mm2 e mass eccentricity mm Petiole grinding handle density ρs g/cm3 ρk grinding Density g/cm3 Km quality conversion coefficient - Translation quality g msr Petiole grinding handle Quality mk grinding head (excluding the handle) g Mass g ms Petiole grinding handle Petiole grinding shank length mosaic --- Cylindrical (Ls = 0.5T); --- Other shapes (Ls = 0.4T) The formula of Km. Km = The formula msr. msr = Km · π · S · Ρs · (L0 Ls) · 10-3 Example. cylindrical grinding Petiole maximum rotational speed calculation Table A.3 and Table A.4. Table A.3 calculate the maximum rotational speed of the characteristic parameters Petiole grinding and no handle support portion L0 5mm, 10mm, 15mm, 25mm 30mm Petiole grinding limit deviation h9 Shank diameter S Petiole grinding shank length L of the limit deviation ± 3mm Petiole grinding handle material elastic modulus E = 210000N/mm2 Petiole grinding handle material yield strength Re = 300N/mm2 Mass eccentricity e = 0.2mm Petiole grinding handle density ρs = 7.85g/cm3 Grinding density ρk = 2.5g/cm3 Table A.4 grinding Shank Shank Shank diameter S = 8mm cylindrical grinding Overhang length L0 of the maximum allowable rotation speed nmax ......

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