GB/T 8897.6-2024 PDF English
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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 29.220.10
CCS K 82
GB/T 8897.6-2024
Primary batteries -- Part 6.Guidance on environmental
aspects
Issued on: DECEMBER 31, 2024
Implemented on: JANUARY 01, 2026
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
Introduction... 5
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative references... 6
3 Terms and definitions... 7
4 General... 8
5 Environmental requirements and recommendations... 9
6 Marking... 12
7 Battery disposal... 12
8 Environmental considerations... 13
9 Packaging... 16
10 Life cycle assessment... 17
Annex A (informative) Specific laws and regulations related to batteries... 18
Annex B (informative) EU directives and international standards not applicable to
batteries... 20
Annex C (informative) Compliance checklist... 21
Bibliography... 22
Primary batteries -- Part 6.Guidance on environmental
aspects
1 Scope
This document gives the general principles of the environmental impact of primary
batteries, and explains the environmental impact of primary batteries from the aspects
of environmental requirements and recommendations, marking, battery disposal,
environmental considerations, packaging and life cycle assessment.
This document applies to the environmental impact assessment of standardized primary
batteries such as zinc-manganese dioxide batteries, zinc-air batteries, lithium primary
batteries, zinc-silver oxide batteries and various special-shaped batteries in GB/T
8897.1-2021, GB/T 8897.2-2021 and GB/T 8897.3-2021.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
GB 5085.1-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Identification for
corrosivity
GB 5085.2-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Screening test for
acute toxicity
GB 5085.3-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Identification for
extraction toxicity
GB 5085.4-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Identification for
ignitability
GB 5085.5-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Identification for
reactivity
GB 5085.6-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Identification for
toxic substance content
GB/T 8897.1-2021, Primary batteries -- Part 1.General
GB/T 8897.2-2021, Primary batteries -- Part 2.Physical and electrical
specifications
GB/T 8897.3-2021, Primary batteries -- Part 3.Watch batteries
GB/T 20155-2018, Determination of mercury, cadmium and lead in battery
GB 24427-2021, Content limitation of mercury, cadmium and lead for zinc anode
primary battery
ISO 14040, Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Principles and
framework
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 cadmium-free battery
Batteries with a cadmium content not exceeding 20 μg/g.
[Source. GB 24427-2021, 3.6]
3.2 input fraction
The total mass of scrap batteries entering the recycling stream.
3.3 life cycle
A series of successive stages in a product system, from the acquisition of raw materials
from nature or natural resources to their final disposal.
[Source. GB/T 24040-2008, 3.1]
3.4 mercury-free battery
Button cells with a mercury content not exceeding 5 μg/g and other batteries with a
mercury content not exceeding 1 μg/g.
[Source. GB 24427-2021, 3.5]
3.5 output fraction
The total mass of material resulting from the input fraction that is recycled without
further processing.
NOTE. The materials are no longer waste or are being used for their original purpose or for another
purpose (except energy recovery).
3.6 recycling
Processing of waste materials to achieve their original or other uses.
3.7 recycling efficiency
A percentage ratio calculated by dividing the mass of the output fraction during the
cycle by the mass of the input fraction of the discarded battery.
3.8 toxicity
The relative ability of exogenous chemicals to cause damage after coming into contact
with the body or entering susceptible parts of the body.
4 General
4.1 Overview
The process of predicting and judging the environmental impact of batteries is complex.
Attempting to address a particular environmental impact may affect one or all stages of
the battery life cycle. Nevertheless, the environmental impact of batteries shall still be
considered when developing battery standards. The provisions in the standard shall
reflect generally accepted strategies for improving the environment, including pollution
prevention and resource conservation.
4.2 Purpose of this document
The guidelines in this document reflect generally accepted environmental regulations
or national laws and are not intended to represent an environmental improvement
strategy for a specific region.
When technological innovations bring benefits to the environment, the environmental
guidelines in battery standards shall be reviewed.
Overly conservative clauses in standards may hinder innovation and environmental
improvement. To address such negative effects, it is advisable to consider revising the
standards.
4.3 Selection of batteries
Whether or not the choice of electrochemical system is part of the battery design, the
choice of electrochemical system will have an impact on the environment. Failure to
meet the performance requirements required by the device and the appropriate
electrochemical system shall be selected shall have an impact on the environment.
Reliable information and clear guidance shall help users make better product choices
when purchasing batteries.
In some applications, rechargeable batteries may be more environmentally friendly than
other batteries because they can be recharged and reused. In such cases, rechargeable
batteries shall be considered. However, when selecting batteries, emphasis shall be
placed on performance requirements, duty cycle, toxic or non-renewable materials
contained in the battery, charging equipment, total energy consumed by charging the
battery during its life cycle, and other factors to achieve the goal of protecting the
environment and saving costs.
Rechargeable batteries or small lithium primary batteries are good for the environment
when used in high-current products (such as electric toys) or when portable power is
frequently used. In daily equipment with medium or low current requirements or
infrequent use, alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide batteries are more environmentally
friendly.
4.4 Recovery rate
Some laws and regulations clearly stipulate the battery recycling rate, that is, the
percentage of the total mass of batteries recycled in a natural year to the annual average
mass of batteries put on the market in the previous three years.
5 Environmental requirements and recommendations
5.1 Overview
Corresponding battery standards or environmental management requirements have
been established in foreign countries. Batteries placed on the market in these countries
or regions shall comply with the latest relevant regulations, see Annex A for details.
Annex A does not cover all battery-related regulations in detail. Global directives that
do not apply to batteries are shown in Annex B. Battery manufacturers shall consider
local laws and regulations in the following aspects.
a) Battery design;
b) Parts procurement or supplier selection;
c) Quality control, parts and raw material analysis;
d) Labeling.
5.2 General
The following applies to hazardous substances, content limits, preparation of batteries
for analysis, and methods for analyzing hazardous substances in batteries (such as
connection terminals, wires, and casings). In addition, batteries shall be analyzed
separately and their contents shall be confirmed. In addition to the battery itself, the
contents of each battery part shall be obtained by separate analysis, or relevant
information provided by the supplier.
The test sample can be obtained by processing the components of the battery
indiscriminately. However, this may cause the target substances (mercury, cadmium,
lead, etc.) to sublime or dissolve during the sample generation process and may be
interfered with by the individual elements during the measurement process, resulting in
losses. In view of this risk, the method of distinguishing the components before
preparing the test sample is preferred to the method of not distinguishing specific
components. However, in cases where it is difficult to distinguish the battery
components for some reason, alternative methods such as freezing and rolling can be
used.
NOTE. The above only applies to ordinary cylindrical batteries.
5.4.2 Component classification
The components, parts and materials of batteries are divided into 4 categories. The more
finely the metal parts are distinguished, the simpler the acid dissolution and
measurement becomes. Peelable labels shall be considered plastic parts, but those baked
or written on the metal casing shall be considered metal parts. The following are the
four categories.
a) Cathode mass (including electrolyte), carbon rod;
b) Anode colloid (including electrolyte), anode zinc can;
c) Plastic, paper (including separator);
d) Metal parts (iron-nickel series parts, aluminum alloy parts, copper alloy parts).
5.5 Disassembly process
5.5.1 Alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery
Battery disassembly shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T
20155-2018.
5.5.2 Non-alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide batteries
Battery disassembly shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T
20155-2018.
5.6 Dismantling personnel qualifications
Battery disassembly shall be performed by professionals in accordance with
instructions.
5.7 Sample preparation and analytical methods
Sample preparation and analysis of mercury, cadmium and lead shall be carried out in
accordance with GB/T 20155-2018.
6 Marking
For marking requirements, see 4.1.6 of GB/T 8897.1-2021.The battery or its packaging
shall be marked with the following symbols to indicate that the battery shall be collected
after disposal.
a) When there are corresponding collection and recycling laws and regulations, the
battery shall be attached with the logo in Figure 1;
b) In countries and regions that use different marks, the battery shall be attached with
the corresponding logo required by the local area;
c) In countries and regions that do not require battery marking, this mark means that
it is advisable to collect waste batteries in a centralized manner.
7 Battery disposal
7.1 General
Primary batteries that comply with 5.3, such as mercury-free batteries, cadmium-free
batteries and lead-free batteries, will not pose a threat to the environment during normal
use and waste disposal. They shall be disposed of as other waste in domestic waste.
7.2 Confirmation of the characteristics of hazardous waste
7.2.1 General
Primary batteries, including alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide batteries and non-alkaline
zinc-manganese dioxide batteries, are not harmful to the environment during normal
use and solid waste disposal because they do not meet the following hazardous waste
requirements. Generally speaking, if a solid waste does not meet any of the following
requirements (toxicity, flammability, reactivity, corrosiveness), it is not a hazardous
waste.
7.2.2 Toxicity
According to the identification procedures of GB 5085.2-2007, GB 5085.3-2007 and
GB 5085.6-2007, any hazardous component whose content exceeds the standard
concentration limit shall be deemed to be toxic.
7.2.3 Flammability
The identification is carried out according to the identification procedure of GB 5085.4-
2007.If any requirement is met, it is deemed to be flammable.
7.2.4 Reactivity
The identification is carried out according to the identification procedure of GB 5085.5-
2007.If any requirement is met, it is considered to be reactive.
7.2.5 Corrosiveness
The identification shall be carried out according to the identification procedure of GB
5085.1-2007.If any requirement is met, it shall be deemed to be corrosive.
7.3 Hazardous waste control
If the battery is confirmed to contain harmful components, such as mercury, cadmium,
and lead, the content of which is specified in GB 24427-2021.Waste of mercury-free
batteries, cadmium-free batteries, and lead-free batteries can be regarded as non-
hazardous waste. Transboundary movement shall be disposed of in accordance with the
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes
and Their Disposal. These waste batteries can be disposed of with general garbage
because they do not pose a threat to the environment.
8 Environmental considerations
8.1 General
Every product has an impact on the environment. This impact runs through every stage
of the product life cycle. Environmental factors shall be considered from the production
of raw materials, manufacturing, consumption to solid waste collection to limit the
impact of waste batteries on the environment. ISO Guide 64.2008 Chapter 4 describes
what needs to be considered and how.
8.2 Environmental assessment
8.2.1 Overview
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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