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Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle
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GB/T 31486-2024: Electrical performance requirements and test methods for traction battery of electric vehicle
---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT31486-2024
GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.120
CCS T 47
Replacing GB/T 31486-2015
Electrical Performance Requirements and Test Methods for
Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle
Issued on: SEPTEMBER 29, 2024
Implemented on: APRIL 1, 2025
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 6
2 Normative References... 6
3 Terms and Definitions... 6
4 Symbols... 7
5 Performance Requirements... 7
5.1 Appearance... 7
5.2 Polarity Markings... 8
5.3 Mass and Overall Dimensions... 8
5.4 Room Temperature Discharge Capacity... 8
5.5 Room Temperature Rate Discharge Capacity... 8
5.6 Room Temperature Rate Charging Performance... 8
5.7 Low Temperature Discharge Capacity... 8
5.8 High Temperature Discharge Capacity... 8
5.9 Charge Holding and Capacity Recovery Capabilities... 8
5.10 Storage... 9
6 Test Methods... 9
Appendix A (normative) Test Tooling of High and Low Temperature Test Chambers 16
Bibliography... 18
Foreword
This document was drafted in accordance with the rules provided in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives
for Standardization - Part 1.Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents.
This document serves as a replacement for GB/T 31486-2015 Electrical Performance
Requirements and Test Methods for Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle. In comparison with
GB/T 31486-2015, apart from structural adjustments and editorial modifications, the main
technical changes are as follows.
---The Scope is modified (see Chapter 1; Chapter 1 of Version 2015);
---The Terms and Definitions is modified (see Chapter 3; Chapter 3 of Version 2015);
---The test object is modified (see Chapter 5 and Chapter 6; 5.2 and 6.3 of Version 2015);
---The requirements for high temperature charge holding capacity, recovery capacity and
energy efficiency range are added (see 5.9);
---The requirements for storage recovery capacity and energy efficiency range are added
(see 5.10);
---The requirements and test methods for vibration resistance of battery module are deleted
(see 5.2.10 and 6.3.11 of Version 2015);
---The environmental conditions are modified, and the requirements for environmental
adaptation conditions and high and low temperature test chambers are added (see 6.1.1;
6.1.1 of Version 2015);
---The test process errors, data records and recording intervals are added (see 6.1.3, 6.1.4
and 6.2.6);
---The standard charging is modified (see 6.2.4; 6.2.4 of Version 2015);
---The room temperature discharge capacity, room temperature rate discharge capacity,
low temperature discharge capacity, high temperature discharge capacity, charge
holding and capacity recovery capabilities, and discharge current for storage test are
modified (see 6.2.5, 6.2.6, 6.2.8, 6.2.9, 6.2.10 and 6.2.11; 6.3.5, 6.3.6, 6.3.8, 6.3.9,
6.3.10 and 6.3.12 of Version 2015);
---The specific power test is deleted (see 6.3.6 of Version 2015);
---The charge current for the room temperature rate charging performance test is modified
(see 6.2.7; 6.3.7 of Version 2015);
---The temperature for the high temperature discharge capacity test is modified (see 6.2.9;
6.3.9 of Version 2015);
---The storage time for the room temperature charge holding and capacity recovery
capabilities and storage test, and the temperature for the high temperature charge
holding and capacity recovery capabilities and storage test are modified (see 6.2.10 and
6.2.11; 6.3.10 and 6.3.12 of Version 2015);
---The test procedures are modified (see 6.3; 6.4 of Version 2015);
---The Inspection Rules is deleted (see Chapter 7 of Version 2015);
---The test tooling of high and low temperature test chambers is added (see Appendix A).
Please be noted that certain content of this document may involve patents. The institution
issuing this document does not undertake the responsibility of identifying these patents.
This document was proposed by Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the
People’s Republic of China.
This document shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee of Auto
Standardization (SAC/TC 114).
The drafting organizations of this document. Ningde Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.,
Ltd.; China Automotive Technology & Research Center Co., Ltd.; Hefei GOTION High-tech
Co., Ltd.; BYD Auto Industry Co., Ltd.; CALB Co., Ltd.; Beihang University; New Energy
Automotive Inspection Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. of China Automotive Technology & Research
Center (CATARC); SEVB Technology Co., Ltd.; Huizhou EVE Energy Co., Ltd.; China
Automotive Battery Research Institute; FinDreams Battery Co., Ltd.; BAIC BJEV Co., Ltd.;
JAGUAR Land Rover (China) Investment Co., Ltd.; TOYOTA (China) Investment Co., Ltd.;
TESLA (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.; Beijing WELION New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.; ZEEKR
Automobile (Ningbo Hangzhou Bay New Area) Co., Ltd.; GREE Altairnano New Energy Co.,
Ltd.; Tianjin Lishen New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.; SVOLT Technology Co., Ltd.;
Xiangyang Da’an Automobile Test Center Co., Ltd.; Shanghai Motor Vehicle Inspection
Certification & Tech Innovation Center., Ltd.; Shanghai Tongmin Automobile Testing
Technology Co., Ltd.; SRF Testing and Certification (Changzhou) Co., Ltd.; Fujian Nebula
Electronics Co., Ltd.; Wanhua Chemical (Yantai) Battery Material Technology Co., Ltd.; China
Automotive Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd.; China Merchants Testing Vehicle
Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this document. Wu Kai, Liu Guibin, Wang Fang, Yang Shichun, Jin Haizu,
Zheng Tianlei, Han Peng, Liu Jianjian, Hao Weijian, Ma Tianyi, Liu Haiyun, Liu Shaohui, Tang
Ling, Wang Cun, Wang Wei, Liao Fengxing, Zhang Hao, Liu Sanbing, Ma Qizhen, Zhang
Xiaoxi, Chen Xiaojun, Wang Wen, Yang Zhe, Wang Weina, Yun Fengling, Xiong Hui, Xiang
Jin, Chen Siliang, Li Xinshu, Liu Zhen, Qin Beijie, Wang Degang, Chen Ying, Zhang Kaiqing,
Wang Ying, Zhang Jie, Gong Mingguang, Cao Wei, Tang Xiaoqing.
The issuing of the previous versions.
--- It was first-time issued in 2015 as GB/T 31486-2015;
---This is the first revision.
Electrical Performance Requirements and Test Methods for
Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle
1 Scope
This document specifies the electrical performance requirements for traction battery cells of
electric vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the “battery cells”) and describes the corresponding
test methods.
This document is applicable to lithium-ion batteries and metal hydride nickel battery cells
installed on electric vehicles. Other types of batteries may take this as a reference.
2 Normative References
The contents of the following documents constitute indispensable clauses of this document
through the normative references in the text. In terms of references with a specified date, only
versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a
specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document.
GB/T 10592-2023 Specifications for High / low Temperature Testing Chambers
GB/T 19596 Terminology of Electric Vehicles
GB 38031 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements
3 Terms and Definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 19596 and GB 38031, and the following are
applicable to this document.
3.1 high energy battery
At room temperature, batteries with the ratio of the maximum allowable output electric power
(W) to 3 I3 rate discharge energy (Wh) less than 10.
NOTE. high energy batteries are generally applied to pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles.
[source. GB/T 19596-2017, 3.3.1.1.1.3, modified]
3.2 high power battery
At room temperature, batteries with the ratio of the maximum allowable output electric power
(W) to 1 I1 rate discharge energy (Wh) not less than 10.
NOTE. high power batteries are generally applied to hybrid electric vehicles.
[source. GB/T 19596-2017, 3.3.1.1.1.4, modified]
3.3 rated capacity
At room temperature, after full charging, the capacity value (Ah) measured at a discharge
current of 1 I3 for high energy batteries and 1 I1 for high power batteries and declared by the
manufacturer.
[source. GB/T 19596-2017, 3.3.3.4.2, modified]
3.4 rated energy
At room temperature, after full charging, the energy value (Wh) measured at a discharge current
of 1 I3 for high energy batteries and 1 I1 for high power batteries and declared by the
manufacturer.
[source. GB/T 19596-2017, 3.3.3.5.3, modified]
4 Symbols
The following symbols are applicable to this document.
I3.3 h rate discharge current (A), and its value is equal to 1/3 of the rated capacity value.
I1.1 h rate discharge current (A), and its value is equal to the rated capacity value.
5 Performance Requirements
5.1 Appearance
The battery cells shall be inspected in accordance with 6.2.1.The appearance shall be free of
deformation and cracks. The surface shall be free of burrs, external damages and dirt, and be
dry. In addition, there shall be clear and correct markings.
5.2 Polarity Markings
The battery cells shall be inspected in accordance with 6.2.2.The terminal polarity markings
shall be correct and clear.
5.3 Mass and Overall Dimensions
The battery cells shall be inspected in accordance with 6.2.3.The mass and overall dimensions
shall comply with the product technical conditions provided by the manufacturer.
5.4 Room Temperature Discharge Capacity
The battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.5, and their initial capacity shall not be
less than the rated capacity and not exceed 110% of the rated capacity. At the same time, the
initial capacity range of all test objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average initial
capacity.
NOTE. the range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of all samples.
5.5 Room Temperature Rate Discharge Capacity
The high energy battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.6.1, and their discharge
capacity shall not be less than 95% of the initial capacity.
The high power battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.6.2, and their discharge
capacity shall not be less than 80% of the initial capacity.
5.6 Room Temperature Rate Charging Performance
The battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.7, and their discharge capacity shall not
be less than 80% of the initial capacity.
5.7 Low Temperature Discharge Capacity
Lithium-ion battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.8, and their discharge capacity
shall not be less than 70% of the initial capacity.
Metal hydride nickel battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.8, and their discharge
capacity shall not be less than 80% of the initial capacity.
5.8 High Temperature Discharge Capacity
The battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.9, and their discharge capacity shall not
be less than 95% of the initial capacity.
5.9 Charge Holding and Capacity Recovery Capabilities
Lithium-ion battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.10.Their room temperature and
high temperature charge holding capacity shall not be less than 90% of the initial capacity, and
the recovery capacity shall not be lower than 95% of the initial capacity. At the same time, the
high temperature charge holding capacity and high temperature recovery capacity range of all
test objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average initial capacity, and the energy efficiency
range shall not be greater than 5% of the average energy efficiency of all test objects.
Metal hydride nickel battery cells shall be tested in accordance with 6.2.10.Their room
temperature charge holding capacity shall not be less than 83% of the initial capacity, high
temperature charge holding capacity shall not be less than 70% of the initial capacity, and
recovery capacity shall not be less than 95% of the initial capacity. At the same time, the high
temperature charge holding capacity and high temperature recovery capacity range of all test
objects shall not be greater than 5% of the average initial capacity, and the energy efficiency
range shall not be greater than 5% of the average energy efficiency of all test objects.
6 Test Methods
6.1 Test Conditions
6.1.1 General conditions
6.1.1.2 When the target ambient temperature of the test changes, before carrying out the test,
the battery cells shall be placed at the target ambient temperature for 12 hours to complete
environmental adaptation. Meanwhile, when the following conditions are satisfied, it may be
terminated early.
6.1.1.3 The wind speed of the high and low temperature test chambers shall not be greater than
1.7 m/s, or the test tooling that complies with the requirements of Appendix A shall be used.
6.1.1.4 Before the test, the manufacturer shall provide parameters, such as. rated capacity, rated
energy, charge termination voltage and discharge termination voltage, etc.
6.1.2 Accuracy of measurement instruments and meters
The accuracy of measurement instruments and meters shall satisfy the following requirements.
6.1.3 Test process errors
The requirements for the errors between the control value (actual value) and the target value
are as follows.
6.2 Test Methods
6.2.1 Appearance
Under good light conditions, adopt the visual inspection method to inspect the appearance of
the battery cells.
6.2.2 Polarity markings
Use a voltmeter to detect the polarity of the battery cells and check whether the battery polarity
markings are correct and clear.
6.2.3 Mass and overall dimensions
Use a weighing apparatus and measuring tool to measure the mass of the battery cells and the
overall dimensions, excluding the poles.
NOTE. for square and pouch batteries, measure the length, width and height; for cylindrical
batteries, measure the diameter and height.
6.2.4 Standard charge
At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the high power
batteries at a current of 1 I1 to the discharge termination voltage specified in the manufacturer’s
technical conditions. Let them sit for 1 hour (or a time of no more than 1 hour provided by the
manufacturer), then, charge in accordance with the charging method provided by the
manufacturer, or the following charging methods.
a) For lithium-ion batteries, charge with a constant current specified by the manufacturer
and not less than 1 I3, until reaching the charge termination voltage specified in the
manufacturer’s technical conditions, then, switch to constant voltage charging. When
the charge current drops to 0.15 I3, stop charging. After charging, let them sit for 1
hour (or a time of no more than 1 hour provided by the manufacturer);
b) For metal hydride nickel batteries, charge with a constant current specified by the
manufacturer and not less than 1 I1 for 1 hour, then, charge with 0.2 I1 for 0.5 hour.
After charging, let them sit for 1 hour (or a time of no more than 1 hour provided by
the manufacturer).
6.2.5 Room temperature discharge capacity
The room temperature discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance with the
following steps.
a) Charge the battery cells in accordance with the method of 6.2.4;
b) At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the
high power batteries at a current of 1 I1, until reaching the discharge termination
voltage specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
c) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah), and calculate the discharge energy (in Wh)
and discharge specific energy (in Wh/kg);
d) Repeat steps a) ~ c) for 5 times. When the range of three consecutive test results is
less than 3% of the rated capacity, the test may be terminated early; take the average
value of the last three test results as the initial capacity.
6.2.6 Room temperature rate discharge capacity
6.2.6.1 High energy batteries
6.2.6.1.1 The data recording interval for the room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall
not be greater than 100 ms.
6.2.6.1.2 The room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance
with the following steps.
a) Charge the battery cells in accordance with the method of 6.2.4;
b) At room temperature, discharge the battery cells at a current of 3 I3, until reaching the
discharge termination voltage specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
c) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah).
6.2.6.2 High power batteries
6.2.6.2.1 The data recording interval for the room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall
not be greater than 100 ms.
6.2.6.2.2 The room temperature rate discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance
with the following steps.
a) Charge the battery cells in accordance with the method of 6.2.4;
b) At room temperature, discharge the battery cells at a current of 10 I1 (the maximum
current does not exceed 800 A), until reaching the discharge termination voltage
specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
c) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah).
6.2.7 Room temperature rate charging performance
The room temperature rate charging performance test shall be carried out in accordance with
the following steps.
a) At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the
high power batteries at a current of 1 I1, until reaching the discharge termination
voltage specified in the manufacturer's technical conditions, then, let them sit for 1
hour;
b) At room temperature, charge the battery cells in accordance with the charging strategy
specified by the manufacturer to the charge termination conditions specified by the
manufacturer, and the total charging time shall not exceed 30 minutes; let them sit for
1 hour;
c) At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the
high power batteries at a current of 1 I1, until reaching the discharge termination
voltage specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
d) Measure the discharge capacity (in Ah).
6.2.8 Low temperature discharge capacity
The low temperature discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance with the
following steps.
6.2.9 High temperature discharge capacity
The high temperature discharge capacity test shall be carried out in accordance with the
following steps.
6.2.10 Charge holding and capacity recovery capabilities
6.2.10.1 Room temperature charge holding and capacity recovery capabilities
The room temperature charge holding and capacity recovery capabilities test shall be carried
out in accordance with the following steps.
a) Charge the battery cells in accordance with the method of 6.2.4;
b) Store the battery cells at room temperature for 30 days;
c) At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the
high power batteries at a current of 1 I1, until reaching the discharge termination
voltage specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
d) Measure the charge holding capacity (in Ah);
e) Charge the battery cells again in accordance with the method of 6.2.4;
f) At room temperature, discharge the high energy batteries at a current of 1 I3 and the
high power batteries at a current of 1 I1, until reaching the discharge termination
voltage specified in the manufacturer’s technical conditions;
g) Measure the recovery capacity (in Ah).
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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