YS/T 591-2025 (YS/T 591-2017) PDF EnglishUS$695.00 · In stock · Download in 9 seconds
YS/T 591-2017: Heat treatment of wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid YS/T 591: Historical versions
Similar standardsYS/T 591-2017: Heat treatment of wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/YST591-2017YS NONFERROUS INDUSTRY STANDARD ICS 25.200 H 60 Replacing YS/T 591-2006 Heat treatment of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys Issued on. JULY 07, 2017 Implemented on. JANUARY 01, 2018 Issued by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China. Table of ContentsForeword... 3 1 Scope... 6 2 Normative references... 6 3 Equipment... 7 4 Heat treatment processes... 9 5 Quality assurance... 29 Annex A (informative) Common knowledge about heat treatment of aluminum alloys ... 341 ScopeThis Standard specifies the equipment, heat treatment processes and quality assurance for heat treatment of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys. This Standard applies to the heat treatment of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy processing products.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 230.1, Metallic materials -- Rockwell hardness test -- Part 1.Test method GB/T 231.1, Metallic materials -- Brinell hardness test -- Part 1.Test method GB/T 3246.1, Inspection method for structure of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy products -- Part 1.Inspection method for microstructure GB/T 7998, Method for evaluating the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of aluminum alloys GB/T 9452, Test method for qualified work zone of heat treatment furnace GB/T 12966, The methods for determining aluminum and aluminum alloys conductivity using eddy current3 Equipment3.1 Basic requirements 3.1.1 All heat treatment equipment shall be equipped with temperature and time control devices and recorders that meet process control requirements. The recorder shall be able to accurately reflect the temperature and time control conditions, and can be stored for reference. 3.2 Commonly used heat treatment furnaces 3.2.1 Classification Commonly used heat treatment furnaces can be divided into two types. periodic heat treatment furnaces and continuous heat treatment furnaces. The periodic heat treatment furnace is highly versatile and can meet a variety of heat treatment process requirements. It is commonly used for heating and annealing of general products. But the production efficiency and thermal efficiency are low. The continuous heat treatment furnace has the characteristics of mechanization and high automation. It can meet the requirements of various heat treatment processes for large quantities of a single product. It has high productivity. 3.2.2 Periodic heat treatment furnace 3.2.2.1 Air furnace Air furnaces use air as the medium. Generally, a forced air circulation system is installed. It is the furnace type with the simplest structure. 3.2.4 Uniformity and testing requirements 3.2.4.1 The correspondence between the types of heat treatment furnaces and the temperature uniformity of the effective heating zone is shown in Table 1.The temperature uniformity is tested according to the method specified in GB/T 9452. 3.2.4.2 Temperature uniformity shall be rechecked after all operations that alter the temperature uniformity or heat treatment performance of the heat treatment furnace, or after major overhauls. 3.3 Quenching equipment 3.3.1 Immersion quenching equipment 3.3.1.1 Tank size The quenching tank shall be of sufficient size to ensure that the product can be completely immersed in the quenching medium. 3.3.1.2 Cycle The quenching tank shall have an internal or external circulation system to ensure the flow of quenching medium. 3.3.2 Spray quenching equipment When using a spray system for quenching, the coolant released from the nozzle shall have sufficient volume (flow), pressure and temperature to ensure that all products can achieve a uniform quenching effect. The equipment shall be equipped with a recorder to monitor spray quenching parameters.4 Heat treatment processes4.1 Basic requirements 4.1.1 General requirements 4.1.1.1 The heat treatment process shall match the heat treatment equipment. Product monitoring inspections shall be carried out regularly to monitor the operation of heat treatment equipment and the suitability of the process. 4.1.3 Product placement 4.1.3.1 Products shall be placed on racks and kept at a distance to ensure that the quenching medium fully enters all load areas. 4.1.4 Furnace capacity Furnace installation shall be appropriately selected based on product and process requirements to ensure temperature uniformity. For salt bath quenching products with a thickness less than or equal to 2.5 mm, the furnace loading shall ensure that the time to reach the lowest temperature does not exceed 10 min. For salt bath quenching products with a thickness greater than 2.5 mm, the furnace loading shall ensure that the time to reach the minimum temperature does not exceed 20 min. 4.1.5 Fixtures Fixtures shall be positioned to avoid steam interception and ensure free circulation of the quenching fluid and quenching effect. 4.2 Solution heat treatment process 4.2.1 Online solid solution heat treatment process The extrusion online solution heat treatment process shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of YS/T 876. 4.2.2 Offline solution heat treatment process 4.3 Quenching 4.3.1 Quenching medium The quenching medium is water, air, water polymer solution, liquefied gas or oil. There is the appropriate equipment for these medium. The spray quenching medium can use water or a mixture of water and ethylene glycol. 4.3.2 Quenching method 4.3.2.1 Immersion quenching5 Quality assurance5.1 Process control All important influencing factors of the heat treatment process shall be controlled within the scope specified in the work instruction document. During actual operation, control charts can be used for monitoring to ensure that each parameter is under control. Corresponding data shall be recorded. The controlling factors are as follows. 5.2 Repeated solution heat treatment 5.2.2 The holding time for repeated solution heat treatment can be shortened to half of the time specified in Table 3. 5.2.3 If the heating speed of the continuous heat treatment furnace is fast enough, as long as there is no serious diffusion of the aluminum-cladding layer, it is allowed to add one repeated solution heat treatment on the basis of Table 9. 5.2.4 Without the consent of the supplier, the purchaser is not allowed to perform repeated solution heat treatment on products in the following conditions. 5.2.6 Unexpected failure handling. Products that have reached the solution heat treatment temperature but are out of the furnace due to failure shall be quenched, and shall be deemed to have undergone a solid solution heat treatment for the failed furnace batch. Products that have not reached the solution heat treatment temperature can be air cooled. 5.3 Regular inspection 5.3.2.3 Aluminum alloy diffusion Partial specimens cut from rolled products representing a batch or charge are subjected to microscopic examination in accordance with GB/T 3246.1.Examination shall be performed under a metallographic microscope at 100 to 1000 times magnification to determine the extent of diffusion of alloy components through the aluminum-cladding. It also allows solution potential measurement methods to be used to analyze the diffusion of the aluminum-clad layer. It is a condition that documentation on the interrelationship between this method and optical methods be made available for inspection. 5.3.3 Handling of unqualified test results 5.3.3.1 When the test results are unqualified, the reasons shall be identified. If the test shows that the heat treatment equipment or process cannot be used for aluminum alloy heat treatment, the fault shall be eliminated and the process adjusted. Re-test until the tested items are qualified. Suspicious products that have been produced must be inspected. Handle according to qualified products and unqualified products. 5.3.3.2 The products are heat treated in a furnace that has passed the original test. When they are found unqualified, they shall be scrapped based on the test results or the solution heat treatment shall be repeated in another qualified furnace. 5.3.4 Keeping inspection records 5.3.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, inspection records shall be kept on file and available for inspection for 3 years from the date of inspection. 5.3.4.2 Establish records of process procedures and re-examination of process procedures. It shall be archived until discarded or replaced. 5.3.4.3 The results of all tests required by this Standard shall be retained for a minimum of 3 years from the date of testing. 5.3.4.4 The production process records required by this Standard shall be archived and kept for at least 3 years from the date of product inspection for review. YS/T 591-2017 YS NONFERROUS INDUSTRY STANDARD ICS 25.200 H 60 Replacing YS/T 591-2006 Heat treatment of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys Issued on. JULY 07, 2017 Implemented on. JANUARY 01, 2018 Issued by. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China.Table of ContentsForeword... 3 1 Scope... 6 2 Normative references... 6 3 Equipment... 7 4 Heat treatment processes... 9 5 Quality assurance... 29 Annex A (informative) Common knowledge about heat treatment of aluminum alloys ... 341 ScopeThis Standard specifies the equipment, heat treatment processes and quality assurance for heat treatment of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys. This Standard applies to the heat treatment of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy processing products.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 230.1, Metallic materials -- Rockwell hardness test -- Part 1.Test method GB/T 231.1, Metallic materials -- Brinell hardness test -- Part 1.Test method GB/T 3246.1, Inspection method for structure of wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy products -- Part 1.Inspection method for microstructure GB/T 7998, Method for evaluating the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of aluminum alloys GB/T 9452, Test method for qualified work zone of heat treatment furnace GB/T 12966, The methods for determining aluminum and aluminum alloys conductivity using eddy current3 Equipment3.1 Basic requirements 3.1.1 All heat treatment equipment shall be equipped with temperature and time control devices and recorders that meet process control requirements. The recorder shall be able to accurately reflect the temperature and time control conditions, and can be stored for reference. 3.2 Commonly used heat treatment furnaces 3.2.1 Classification Commonly used heat treatment furnaces can be divided into two types. periodic heat treatment furnaces and continuous heat treatment furnaces. The periodic heat treatment furnace is highly versatile and can meet a variety of heat treatment process requirements. It is commonly used for heating and annealing of general products. But the production efficiency and thermal efficiency are low. The continuous heat treatment furnace has the characteristics of mechanization and high automation. It can meet the requirements of various heat treatment processes for large quantities of a single product. It has high productivity. 3.2.2 Periodic heat treatment furnace 3.2.2.1 Air furnace Air furnaces use air as the medium. Generally, a forced air circulation system is installed. It is the furnace type with the simplest structure. 3.2.4 Uniformity and testing requirements 3.2.4.1 The correspondence between the types of heat treatment furnaces and the temperature uniformity of the effective heating zone is shown in Table 1.The temperature uniformity is tested according to the method specified in GB/T 9452. 3.2.4.2 Temperature uniformity shall be rechecked after all operations that alter the temperature uniformity or heat treatment performance of the heat treatment furnace, or after major overhauls. 3.3 Quenching equipment 3.3.1 Immersion quenching equipment 3.3.1.1 Tank size The quenching tank shall be of sufficient size to ensure that the product can be completely immersed in the quenching medium. 3.3.1.2 Cycle The quenching tank shall have an internal or external circulation system to ensure the flow of quenching medium. 3.3.2 Spray quenching equipment When using a spray system for quenching, the coolant released from the nozzle shall have sufficient volume (flow), pressure and temperature to ensure that all products can achieve a uniform quenching effect. The equipment shall be equipped with a recorder to monitor spray quenching parameters.4 Heat treatment processes4.1 Basic requirements 4.1.1 General requirements 4.1.1.1 The heat treatment process shall match the heat treatment equipment. Product monitoring inspections shall be carried out regularly to monitor the operation of heat treatment equipment and the suitability of the process. 4.1.3 Product placement 4.1.3.1 Products shall be placed on racks and kept at a distance to ensure that the quenching medium fully enters all load areas. 4.1.4 Furnace capacity Furnace installation shall be appropriately selected based on product and process requirements to ensure temperature uniformity. For salt bath quenching products with a thickness less than or equal to 2.5 mm, the furnace loading shall ensure that the time to reach the lowest temperature does not exceed 10 min. For salt bath quenching products with a thickness greater than 2.5 mm, the furnace loading shall ensure that the time to reach the minimum temperature does not exceed 20 min. 4.1.5 Fixtures Fixtures shall be positioned to avoid steam interception and ensure free circulation of the quenching fluid and quenching effect. 4.2 Solution heat treatment process 4.2.1 Online solid solution heat treatment process The extrusion online solution heat treatment process shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of YS/T 876. 4.2.2 Offline solution heat treatment process 4.3 Quenching 4.3.1 Quenching medium The quenching medium is water, air, water polymer solution, liquefied gas or oil. There is the appropriate equipment for these medium. The spray quenching medium can use water or a mixture of water and ethylene glycol. 4.3.2 Quenching method 4.3.2.1 Immersion quenching5 Quality assurance5.1 Process control All important influencing factors of the heat treatment process shall be controlled within the scope specified in the work instruction document. During actual operation, control charts can be used for monitoring to ensure that each parameter is under control. Corresponding data shall be recorded. The controlling factors are as follows. 5.2 Repeated solution heat treatment 5.2.2 The holding time for repeated solution heat treatment can be shortened to half of the time specified in Table 3. 5.2.3 If the heating speed of the continuous heat treatment furnace is fast enough, as long as there is no serious diffusion of the aluminum-cladding layer, it is allowed to add one repeated solution heat treatment on the basis of Table 9. 5.2.4 Without the consent of the supplier, the purchaser is not allowed to perform repeated solution heat treatment on products in the following conditions. 5.2.6 Unexpected failure handling. Products that have reached the solution heat treatment temperature but are out of the furnace due to failure shall be quenched, and shall be deemed to have undergone a solid solution heat treatment for the failed furnace batch. Products that have not reached the solution heat treatment temperature can be air cooled. 5.3 Regular inspection 5.3.2.3 Aluminum alloy diffusion Partial specimens cut from rolled products representing a batch or charge are subjected to microscopic examination in accordance with GB/T 3246.1.Examination shall be performed under a metallographic microscope at 100 to 1000 times magnification to determine the extent of diffusion of alloy components through the aluminum-cladding. It also allows solution potential measurement methods to be used to analyze the diffusion of the aluminum-clad layer. It is a condition that documentation on the interrelationship between this method and optical methods be made available for inspection. 5.3.3 Handling of unqualified test results 5.3.3.1 When the test results are unqualified, the reasons shall be identified. If the test shows that the heat treatment equipment or process cannot be used for aluminum alloy heat treatment, the fault shall be eliminated and the process adjusted. Re-test until the tested items are qualified. Suspicious products that have been produced must be inspected. Handle according to qualified products and unqualified products. 5.3.3.2 The products are heat treated in a furnace that has passed the original test. When they are found unqualified, they shall be scrapped based on the test results or the solution heat treatment shall be repeated in another qualified furnace. 5.3.4 Keeping inspection records 5.3.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, inspection records shall be kept on file and available for inspection for 3 years from the date of inspection. 5.3.4.2 Establish records of process procedures and re-examination of process procedures. It shall be archived until discarded or replaced. 5.3.4.3 The results of all tests required by this Standard shall be retained for a minimum of 3 years from the date of testing. 5.3.4.4 The production process records required by this Standard shall be archived and kept for at least 3 years from the date of product inspection for review. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. |
