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TB 10092-2017: Code for Design of Concrete Structures of Railway Bridge and Culvert---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/TB10092-2017TB INDUSTRIAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA UDC J 462-2017 Code for Design of Concrete Structures of Railway Bridge and Culvert Issued on. JANUARY 2, 2017 Implemented on. MAY 1, 2017 Issued by. China Railway Administration Table of ContentsForeword... 4 1 General... 7 2 Terms and symbols... 8 3 Materials... 14 4 Basic rules for design... 24 5 Plain concrete and masonry structures... 33 6 Reinforced concrete structure... 40 7 Prestressing concrete structure... 59 8 Bearing... 102 9 Jacked-in bridge or culvert of existing railway... 115 Annex A Calculation of bending moment redistribution of prestressed concrete structure system... 118 Annex B Calculation of thermal stress in concrete box-beam... 123 Annex C Examination of oblique section strength of bending component of prestressed concrete... 132 Annex D Calculation of reverse friction of beam prestressing tendon of post-tensioning prestressed concrete... 136 Annex E Calculation of stress of cracked section after pressure elimination of bending component of prestressed concrete... 139 Instructions on wording of this Code... 142 INDUSTRIAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Code for Design of Concrete Structures of Railway Bridge and Culvert J 462-2017 Main drafting organization. China Railway Engineering Design Consulting Group Co., Ltd. Approved by. China Railway Administration Date of implementation. May 1, 20171 General1.0.1 This Code was formulated in order to unify the design standards for the concrete structures of railway bridges and culverts, make the design in conformity with the requirements of safety, reliability, advanced maturity and economy and application. 1.0.2 This Code applies to the design of masonry, plain concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete structures of railway bridges and culverts. 1.0.3 The design of concrete structures of railway bridge and culvert shall comply with relevant provisions of the existing “Code for Design on Steel Structure of Railway Bridge and Culvert” (TB 10002), “Code for seismic design of railway engineering” (GB 50111), “Code for durability design on concrete structure of railway” (TB 10005). 1.0.4 The strength, rigidity and stability of the bridge-culvert structure shall meet the requirements of track ride, train operation safety and passenger ride comfort. 1.0.5 The use life of bridge and culvert concrete structures design shall be 100 years. 1.0.6 The design of concrete structures of railway bridge and culvert shall, in addition to this Code, comply with the existing national mandatory standards.2 Terms and symbols2.1 Terms 2.1.1 concrete structure the structure made of concrete as the main building material, including plain concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures 2.2 Symbols 2.2.1 Material properties Ec - concrete elastic modulus3 Materials3.1 Concrete 3.1.1 Concrete strength levels may be C25, C30, C35, C40, C45, C50, C55 and C60. 3.1.2 The design strength of concrete shall meet the following requirements. 3.1.4 The permissible stress of concrete shall be in accordance with Table 3.1.4 and shall meet the following requirements. 3.1.5 The increase coefficient of local stress-bearing β value shall comply with the followings. 3.1.6 The compressive modulus Ec of concrete under compression or tension shall be taken according to Table 3.1.6.The shear deformation modulus of concrete, Gc, is to be taken as 0.43 times the value given in Table 3.1.6.Poisson's ratio of concrete can be 0.2. 3.3 Rebar 3.3.1 The ordinary rebar and prestressing tendon used for railway bridge and culvert concrete structure shall comply with the following provisions.4 Basic rules for design4.1 General 4.1.1 Fatigue stress calculation shall consider the dead load, design live load, vertical dynamic force and centrifugal force. The calculation of each load shall be in accordance with "Fundamental code for design on railway bridge and culvert" (TB 10002). 4.2 Calculation of slab 4.2.1 For the board freely supported around or fixedly supported, when the ratio of the length of the long side to the length of the short side is equal to or more than 2, it shall take the short side as span to calculate according to one-way slab, otherwise it shall be calculated according to two-way slab. 4.2.3 When calculating the slab with a stubble on the intermediate support, the effective height of the section along the support center shall be calculated according to the following equation, but not exceeding h1 + 1/3s. 4.3.2 The calculation width of T-section beam extended slab shall comply with the followings. 4.4 Rigid frame calculation 4.4.1 Rigid frame calculation shall comply with the followings. 4.4.3 The axis of the frame is the center of gravity line of the rod section. Except for the case of particularly large stems, the effect of the adverse effects can be disregarded. The length of the rigid frame axis shall be determined according to the followings. 4.5 Calculation of pier and abutment 4.5.1 Pier and abutment shall meet the strength and stability requirements. The calculation of pier and abutment shall comply with relevant provisions of existing “Code for Design on Steel Structure of Railway Bridge” (TB 10002). 4.6 Calculation of arch bridge 4.6.1 The calculation of arch bridge shall comply with relevant provisions of existing “Code for Design on Steel Structure of Railway Bridge” (TB 10002). 4.7 Calculation of culvert 4.7.1 The calculation of culvert shall comply with the relevant provisions of existing “Code for Design on Steel Structure of Railway Bridge” (TB 10002). 4.7.2 The calculation of post-construction settlement of culvert shall consider the influence of additional load and settlement caused by adjacent subgrade on both sides.5 Plain concrete and masonry structures5.1 General requirements 5.1.1 The minimum strength level and application scope of plain concrete and masonry structure used material in culvert structure shall comply with the provisions of Table 5.1.1. 5.1.3 Structures affected by aggressive environmental water shall not be masonry structures. 5.1.4 The section sizes of stone masonry and concrete block masonry structure shall not be less than 0.4 m. The section size of plain concrete structure shall not be less than 0.3 m. 5.2 Calculation 5.2.1 Under the action of various load combinations, the eccentricity e of the normal resultant force on the cross-section of the plain concrete piers shall not be greater than the limit specified in Table 5.2.1. 5.3.2 Plain concrete pier and abutment in the cross-section of sudden change and construction joint shall take measures of strengthening such as setting joint rebar. 5.3.3 Culvert entrance and exit of stone wing wall and the pier in the water edge of the exposed surface and the side of the stone arch ring shall be veneered and chiseled. The masonry stone and cement mortar strength grade of culverts in various parts shall not be lower than the level of strength of same part masonry. 5.3.4 Culvert wing walls and foundation as well as central pier of slab culvert shall adopt plain concrete structure.6 Reinforced concrete structure6.1 General requirements 6.1.1 Reinforced concrete structure designed according to allowable stress method shall meet the following requirements. 6.1.3 In conversion of section, the elastic modulus of rebar and concrete deformation modulus ratio n shall be used according to Table 6.1.3. 6.2 Calculation 6.2.1 For components withstanding fatigue load, the fatigue stress range of rebar shall be examined according to equation 6.2.1.Its allowable value [Δσ] shall be used according to 3.3.5. 6.2.2 The strength and stability of the axial compression component with longitudinal reinforcement and general stirrup shall be calculated according to the following equations.7 Prestressing concrete structure7.1 General requirements 7.1.1 The reinforced concrete part in the prestressing concrete structure, in addition to the provisions of this clause, shall also comply with relevant provisions of Clause 6. 7.1.4 The arrangement of prestressing tendon shall be symmetrical to the geometric vertical axis of the component section; otherwise, when determining the internal force of the component, the eccentric influence of the pre-energizing force on the vertical axis of the section must be considered. 7.1.5 In severe corrosive environment, prestressing concrete structure that allows cracks shall not be used. 7.2 Strength calculation 7.2.1 The strength of axle tensile component shall be calculated according to the following equation. 7.2.2 T-section flexural component with rectangular cross-section or flange located on the tensioned side shall have the positive section strength calculated in accordance with the following (Figure 7.2.2). 7.2.4 Bending strength and shear strength of oblique section of flexural component shall be calculated according to Annex C. 7.2.5 Positive section strength calculation of rectangular section eccentric compression component shall comply with the followings. 7.2.5-1.When axial force N applies between resultant force point of stress in rebar A’p and A’s AND resultant force point of stress in rebar Ap and As, the left 3rd and 4th of equation 7.2.5-1 shall take positive sign, otherwise negative sign. 7.2.8 The local bearing strength of the anchorage area at the end of the component shall be calculated as follows. 7.5.16 In continuous beam zigzag board anchorage area and prestressed reinforcement bend, reinforcement bars connected to the roof, floor or web shall be provided. 7.5.17 In addition that the end partition is set for the continuous beam, each intermediate support must be provided with diaphragm. In the web around the intermediate support of continuous beam, it shall add longitudinal structure rebar. 7.5.18 Box-beam structure shall comply with the following provisions. 7.5.19 Deck and beam side shall strengthen the drainage design. Drain pipe diameter shall not be less than 150 mm. 7.5.20 Concrete beam embedded parts shall be subjected to anti-corrosion. 7.5.21 The thickness of the embedded support plate of concrete beam shall not, for plate rubber bearing, less than 25 mm, not less than 20 mm for other bearings.8 Bearing8.1 General requirements 8.1.1 The bearing design shall effectively transfer the self-weight of the beam and the load on the beam to the substructure and ensure the safety of use under braking force, centrifugal force, wind, seismic forces and other horizontal load. 8.1.2 The bearing shall be easy to check, repair and replace. 8.2 Materials 8.2.1 When the bearing steel casting uses ZG270~500 cast steel, its chemical composition and mechanical properties (including impact ductility Akv) shall be consistent with the requirements of " Carbon steel castings for general engineering purpose" (GB/T 11352). 8.2.2 Structural steel used for bearing shall meet the following requirements. 8.2.3 Finished stainless steel plate shall meet the requirements of "Cold rolled stainless steel plate sheet and strip" (GB/T 3280). 8.2.4 Copper sealed H62 or HPb59-1 plates, their mechanical properties and chemical composition shall meet the requirements of “Copper and copper alloy sheet” (GB/T 2040). 8.2.5 Physical and mechanical properties of SF-1B three-tier composite board shall meet the requirements of “Pot bearings for railway bridge” (TB/T 2331). 8.4 Structure 8.4.1 One-way movable bearing shall set a stop block at its fixed direction, the gap not greater than 1mm. 8.4.2 Earthquake anti-shedding beam device can be combined with the stop block design, but shall not affect the normal movement of the bearing. 8.4.3 Each part size of basin rubber, spherical and cylindrical bearing steel body shall be controlled by the structure or calculated by axisymmetric finite element analysis, in accordance with the following provisions. 8.4.4 The minimum side length of plate rubber bearing shall not be less than 5 times total height of bearing, not less than 200mm. 8.4.5 The basal plane of the bearing shall be set horizontally and securely fixed to the bottom of the beam and abutment, meanwhile, the uniform pressure transmission between beam and abutment shall be ensured. 8.4.6 Bearing used anchor sleeve and bolt shall be treated with anti-corrosion. 8.4.7 Bearing shall set the dust-proof facilities that are easy to disassemble.9 Jacked-in bridge or culvert of existing railway9.1 General requirements 9.1.1 The concrete strength level of reinforced concrete structure of jacked-in bridge or culvert shall not be less than C35. 9.2 Calculation 9.2.1 Frame structure calculates the horizontal distribution of live load width B. On the bottom of the sleeper, both ends of the sleeper are distributed downward to the bottom of the structure roof. Its slope line is 1.1 in the ballast and the top plate. If covered, in the soil it is 1.0.5, see Figure 9.2.1-1. 9.2.2 The jacking-in force of jacked bridge and culvert shall be calculated according to the following equation based on jacking-in length, nature of soil, groundwater conditions, the appearance of bridge and culvert and construction method. 9.2.4 Top vertical earth pressure of jacked-in bridge or culvert shall be calculated according to soil column weight. 9.3 Structure 9.3.1 Frame reinforcement in the corner of the frame of jacked-in bridge or culvert as well as longitudinal horizontal construction reinforcement shall be strengthened. 9.3.4 Top and side walls shall be waterproof. Top waterproof layer shall be made with protective layer. 9.3.5 Pipe joint interface of jacked-in culvert shall use inner collar interface of premade reinforced concrete, up circle interface in steel plate, tongue-and-groove, steel socket and double socket. TB INDUSTRIAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA UDC J 462-2017 Code for Design of Concrete Structures of Railway Bridge and Culvert Issued on. JANUARY 2, 2017 Implemented on. MAY 1, 2017 Issued by. China Railway AdministrationTable of ContentsForeword... 4 1 General... 7 2 Terms and symbols... 8 3 Materials... 14 4 Basic rules for design... 24 5 Plain concrete and masonry structures... 33 6 Reinforced concrete structure... 40 7 Prestressing concrete structure... 59 8 Bearing... 102 9 Jacked-in bridge or culvert of existing railway... 115 Annex A Calculation of bending moment redistribution of prestressed concrete structure system... 118 Annex B Calculation of thermal stress in concrete box-beam... 123 Annex C Examination of oblique section strength of bending component of prestressed concrete... 132 Annex D Calculation of reverse friction of beam prestressing tendon of post-tensioning prestressed concrete... 136 Annex E Calculation of stress of cracked section after pressure elimination of bending component of prestressed concrete... 139 Instructions on wording of this Code... 142 INDUSTRIAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Code for Design of Concrete Structures of Railway Bridge and Culvert J 462-2017 Main drafting organization. China Railway Engineering Design Consulting Group Co., Ltd. Approved by. China Railway Administration Date of implementation. May 1, 20171 General1.0.1 This Code was formulated in order to unify the design standards for the concrete structures of railway bridges and culverts, make the design in conformity with the requirements of safety, reliability, advanced maturity and economy and application. 1.0.2 This Code applies to the design of masonry, plain concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete structures of railway bridges and culverts. 1.0.3 The design of concrete structures of railway bridge and culvert shall comply with relevant provisions of the existing “Code for Design on Steel Structure of Railway Bridge and Culvert” (TB 10002), “Code for seismic design of railway engineering” (GB 50111), “Code for durability design on concrete structure of railway” (TB 10005). 1.0.4 The strength, rigidity and stability of the bridge-culvert structure shall meet the requirements of track ride, train operation safety and passenger ride comfort. 1.0.5 The use life of bridge and culvert concrete structures design shall be 100 years. 1.0.6 The design of concrete structures of railway bridge and culvert shall, in addition to this Code, comply with the existing national mandatory standards.2 Terms and symbols2.1 Terms 2.1.1 concrete structure the structure made of concrete as the main building material, including plain concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures 2.2 Symbols 2.2.1 Material properties Ec - concrete elastic modulus3 Materials3.1 Concrete 3.1.1 Concrete strength levels may be C25, C30, C35, C40, C45, C50, C55 and C60. 3.1.2 The design strength of concrete shall meet the following requirements. 3.1.4 The permissible stress of concrete shall be in accordance with Table 3.1.4 and shall meet the following requirements. 3.1.5 The increase coefficient of local stress-bearing β value shall comply with the followings. 3.1.6 The compressive modulus Ec of concrete under compression or tension shall be taken according to Table 3.1.6.The shear deformation modulus of concrete, Gc, is to be taken as 0.43 times the value given in Table 3.1.6.Poisson's ratio of concrete can be 0.2. 3.3 Rebar 3.3.1 The ordinary rebar and prestressing tendon used for railway bridge and culvert concrete structure shall comply with the following provisions.4 Basic rules for design4.1 General 4.1.1 Fatigue stress calculation shall consider the dead load, design live load, vertical dynamic force and centrifugal force. The calculation of each load shall be in accordance with "Fundamental code for design on railway bridge and culvert" (TB 10002). 4.2 Calculation of slab 4.2.1 For the board freely supported around or fixedly supported, when the ratio of the length of the long side to the length of the short side is equal to or more than 2, it shall take the short side as span to calculate according to one-way slab, otherwise it shall be calculated according to two-way slab. 4.2.3 When calculating the slab with a stubble on the intermediate support, the effective height of the section along the support center shall be calculated according to the following equation, but not exceeding h1 + 1/3s. 4.3.2 The calculation width of T-section beam extended slab shall comply with the followings. 4.4 Rigid frame calculation 4.4.1 Rigid frame calculation shall comply with the followings. 4.4.3 The axis of the frame is the center of gravity line of the rod section. Except for the case of particularly large stems, the effect of the adverse effects can be disregarded. The length of the rigid frame axis shall be determined according to the followings. 4.5 Calculation of pier and abutment 4.5.1 Pier and abutment shall meet the strength and stability requirements. The calculation of pier and abutment shall comply with relevant provisions of existing “Code for Design on Steel Structure of Railway Bridge” (TB 10002). 4.6 Calculation of arch bridge 4.6.1 The calculation of arch bridge shall comply with relevant provisions of existing “Code for Design on Steel Structure of Railway Bridge” (TB 10002). 4.7 Calculation of culvert 4.7.1 The calculation of culvert shall comply with the relevant provisions of existing “Code for Design on Steel Structure of Railway Bridge” (TB 10002). 4.7.2 The calculation of post-construction settlement of culvert shall consider the influence of additional load and settlement caused by adjacent subgrade on both sides.5 Plain concrete and masonry structures5.1 General requirements 5.1.1 The minimum strength level and application scope of plain concrete and masonry structure used material in culvert structure shall comply with the provisions of Table 5.1.1. 5.1.3 Structures affected by aggressive environmental water shall not be masonry structures. 5.1.4 The section sizes of stone masonry and concrete block masonry structure shall not be less than 0.4 m. The section size of plain concrete structure shall not be less than 0.3 m. 5.2 Calculation 5.2.1 Under the action of various load combinations, the eccentricity e of the normal resultant force on the cross-section of the plain concrete piers shall not be greater than the limit specified in Table 5.2.1. 5.3.2 Plain concrete pier and abutment in the cross-section of sudden change and construction joint shall take measures of strengthening such as setting joint rebar. 5.3.3 Culvert entrance and exit of stone wing wall and the pier in the water edge of the exposed surface and the side of the stone arch ring shall be veneered and chiseled. The masonry stone and cement mortar strength grade of culverts in various parts shall not be lower than the level of strength of same part masonry. 5.3.4 Culvert wing walls and foundation as well as central pier of slab culvert shall adopt plain concrete structure.6 Reinforced concrete structure6.1 General requirements 6.1.1 Reinforced concrete structure designed according to allowable stress method shall meet the following requirements. 6.1.3 In conversion of section, the elastic modulus of rebar and concrete deformation modulus ratio n shall be used according to Table 6.1.3. 6.2 Calculation 6.2.1 For components withstanding fatigue load, the fatigue stress range of rebar shall be examined according to equation 6.2.1.Its allowable value [Δσ] shall be used according to 3.3.5. 6.2.2 The strength and stability of the axial compression component with longitudinal reinforcement and general stirrup shall be calculated according to the following equations.7 Prestressing concrete structure7.1 General requirements 7.1.1 The reinforced concrete part in the prestressing concrete structure, in addition to the provisions of this clause, shall also comply with relevant provisions of Clause 6. 7.1.4 The arrangement of prestressing tendon shall be symmetrical to the geometric vertical axis of the component section; otherwise, when determining the internal force of the component, the eccentric influence of the pre-energizing force on the vertical axis of the section must be considered. 7.1.5 In severe corrosive environment, prestressing concrete structure that allows cracks shall not be used. 7.2 Strength calculation 7.2.1 The strength of axle tensile component shall be calculated according to the following equation. 7.2.2 T-section flexural component with rectangular cross-section or flange located on the tensioned side shall have the positive section strength calculated in accordance with the following (Figure 7.2.2). 7.2.4 Bending strength and shear strength of oblique section of flexural component shall be calculated according to Annex C. 7.2.5 Positive section strength calculation of rectangular section eccentric compression component shall comply with the followings. 7.2.5-1.When axial force N applies between resultant force point of stress in rebar A’p and A’s AND resultant force point of stress in rebar Ap and As, the left 3rd and 4th of equation 7.2.5-1 shall take positive sign, otherwise negative sign. 7.2.8 The local bearing strength of the anchorage area at the end of the component shall be calculated as follows. 7.5.16 In continuous beam zigzag board anchorage area and prestressed reinforcement bend, reinforcement bars connected to the roof, floor or web shall be provided. 7.5.17 In addition that the end partition is set for the continuous beam, each intermediate support must be provided with diaphragm. In the web around the intermediate support of continuous beam, it shall add longitudinal structure rebar. 7.5.18 Box-beam structure shall comply with the following provisions. 7.5.19 Deck and beam side shall strengthen the drainage design. Drain pipe diameter shall not be less than 150 mm. 7.5.20 Concrete beam embedded parts shall be subjected to anti-corrosion. 7.5.21 The thickness of the embedded support plate of concrete beam shall not, for plate rubber bearing, less than 25 mm, not less than 20 mm for other bearings.8 Bearing8.1 General requirements 8.1.1 The bearing design shall effectively transfer the self-weight of the beam and the load on the beam to the substructure and ensure the safety of use under braking force, centrifugal force, wind, seismic forces and other horizontal load. 8.1.2 The bearing shall be easy to check, repair and replace. 8.2 Materials 8.2.1 When the bearing steel casting uses ZG270~500 cast steel, its chemical composition and mechanical properties (including impact ductility Akv) shall be consistent with the requirements of " Carbon steel castings for general engineering purpose" (GB/T 11352). 8.2.2 Structural steel used for bearing shall meet the following requirements. 8.2.3 Finished stainless steel plate shall meet the requirements of "Cold rolled stainless steel plate sheet and strip" (GB/T 3280). 8.2.4 Copper sealed H62 or HPb59-1 plates, their mechanical properties and chemical composition shall meet the requirements of “Copper and copper alloy sheet” (GB/T 2040). 8.2.5 Physical and mechanical properties of SF-1B three-tier composite board shall meet the requirements of “Pot bearings for railway bridge” (TB/T 2331). 8.4 Structure 8.4.1 One-way movable bearing shall set a stop block at its fixed direction, the gap not greater than 1mm. 8.4.2 Earthquake anti-shedding beam device can be combined with the stop block design, but shall not affect the normal movement of the bearing. 8.4.3 Each part size of basin rubber, spherical and cylindrical bearing steel body shall be controlled by the structure or calculated by axisymmetric finite element analysis, in accordance with the following provisions. 8.4.4 The minimum side length of plate rubber bearing shall not be less than 5 times total height of bearing, not less than 200mm. 8.4.5 The basal plane of the bearing shall be set horizontally and securely fixed to the bottom of the beam and abutment, meanwhile, the uniform pressure transmission between beam and abutment shall be ensured. 8.4.6 Bearing used anchor sleeve and bolt shall be treated with anti-corrosion. 8.4.7 Bearing shall set the dust-proof facilities that are easy to disassemble.9 Jacked-in bridge or culvert of existing railway9.1 General requirements 9.1.1 The concrete strength level of reinforced concrete structure of jacked-in bridge or culvert shall not be less than C35. 9.2 Calculation 9.2.1 Frame structure calculates the horizontal distribution of live load width B. On the bottom of the sleeper, both ends of the sleeper are distributed downward to the bottom of the structure roof. Its slope line is 1.1 in the ballast and the top plate. If covered, in the soil it is 1.0.5, see Figure 9.2.1-1. 9.2.2 The jacking-in force of jacked bridge and culvert shall be calculated according to the following equation based on jacking-in length, nature of soil, groundwater conditions, the appearance of bridge and culvert and construction method. 9.2.4 Top vertical earth pressure of jacked-in bridge or culvert shall be calculated according to soil column weight. 9.3 Structure 9.3.1 Frame reinforcement in the corner of the frame of jacked-in bridge or culvert as well as longitudinal horizontal construction reinforcement shall be strengthened. 9.3.4 Top and side walls shall be waterproof. Top waterproof layer shall be made with protective layer. 9.3.5 Pipe joint interface of jacked-in culvert shall use inner collar interface of premade reinforced concrete, up circle interface in steel plate, tongue-and-groove, steel socket and double socket. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of English version of TB 10092-2017 be delivered?Answer: The full copy PDF of English version of TB 10092-2017 can be downloaded in 9 seconds, and it will also be emailed to you in 9 seconds (double mechanisms to ensure the delivery reliably), with PDF-invoice.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of TB 10092-2017_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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