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GB/T 8897.6-2024: Primary batteries - Part 6: Guidance on environmental aspects Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid
Similar standardsGB/T 8897.6-2024: Primary batteries - Part 6: Guidance on environmental aspects---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT8897.6-2024GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 29.220.10 CCS K 82 GB/T 8897.6-2024 Primary batteries -- Part 6.Guidance on environmental aspects Issued on: DECEMBER 31, 2024 Implemented on: JANUARY 01, 2026 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Table of ContentsForeword... 3 Introduction... 5 1 Scope... 6 2 Normative references... 6 3 Terms and definitions... 7 4 General... 8 5 Environmental requirements and recommendations... 9 6 Marking... 12 7 Battery disposal... 12 8 Environmental considerations... 13 9 Packaging... 16 10 Life cycle assessment... 17 Annex A (informative) Specific laws and regulations related to batteries... 18 Annex B (informative) EU directives and international standards not applicable to batteries... 20 Annex C (informative) Compliance checklist... 21 Bibliography... 22 Primary batteries -- Part 6.Guidance on environmental aspects1 ScopeThis document gives the general principles of the environmental impact of primary batteries, and explains the environmental impact of primary batteries from the aspects of environmental requirements and recommendations, marking, battery disposal, environmental considerations, packaging and life cycle assessment. This document applies to the environmental impact assessment of standardized primary batteries such as zinc-manganese dioxide batteries, zinc-air batteries, lithium primary batteries, zinc-silver oxide batteries and various special-shaped batteries in GB/T 8897.1-2021, GB/T 8897.2-2021 and GB/T 8897.3-2021.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB 5085.1-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Identification for corrosivity GB 5085.2-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Screening test for acute toxicity GB 5085.3-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Identification for extraction toxicity GB 5085.4-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Identification for ignitability GB 5085.5-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Identification for reactivity GB 5085.6-2007, Identification standards for hazardous wastes -- Identification for toxic substance content GB/T 8897.1-2021, Primary batteries -- Part 1.General GB/T 8897.2-2021, Primary batteries -- Part 2.Physical and electrical specifications GB/T 8897.3-2021, Primary batteries -- Part 3.Watch batteries GB/T 20155-2018, Determination of mercury, cadmium and lead in battery GB 24427-2021, Content limitation of mercury, cadmium and lead for zinc anode primary battery ISO 14040, Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Principles and framework3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cadmium-free battery Batteries with a cadmium content not exceeding 20 μg/g. [Source. GB 24427-2021, 3.6] 3.2 input fraction The total mass of scrap batteries entering the recycling stream. 3.3 life cycle A series of successive stages in a product system, from the acquisition of raw materials from nature or natural resources to their final disposal. [Source. GB/T 24040-2008, 3.1] 3.4 mercury-free battery Button cells with a mercury content not exceeding 5 μg/g and other batteries with a mercury content not exceeding 1 μg/g. [Source. GB 24427-2021, 3.5] 3.5 output fraction The total mass of material resulting from the input fraction that is recycled without further processing. NOTE. The materials are no longer waste or are being used for their original purpose or for another purpose (except energy recovery). 3.6 recycling Processing of waste materials to achieve their original or other uses. 3.7 recycling efficiency A percentage ratio calculated by dividing the mass of the output fraction during the cycle by the mass of the input fraction of the discarded battery. 3.8 toxicity The relative ability of exogenous chemicals to cause damage after coming into contact with the body or entering susceptible parts of the body.4 General4.1 Overview The process of predicting and judging the environmental impact of batteries is complex. Attempting to address a particular environmental impact may affect one or all stages of the battery life cycle. Nevertheless, the environmental impact of batteries shall still be considered when developing battery standards. The provisions in the standard shall reflect generally accepted strategies for improving the environment, including pollution prevention and resource conservation. 4.2 Purpose of this document The guidelines in this document reflect generally accepted environmental regulations or national laws and are not intended to represent an environmental improvement strategy for a specific region. When technological innovations bring benefits to the environment, the environmental guidelines in battery standards shall be reviewed. Overly conservative clauses in standards may hinder innovation and environmental improvement. To address such negative effects, it is advisable to consider revising the standards. 4.3 Selection of batteries Whether or not the choice of electrochemical system is part of the battery design, the choice of electrochemical system will have an impact on the environment. Failure to meet the performance requirements required by the device and the appropriate electrochemical system shall be selected shall have an impact on the environment. Reliable information and clear guidance shall help users make better product choices when purchasing batteries. In some applications, rechargeable batteries may be more environmentally friendly than other batteries because they can be recharged and reused. In such cases, rechargeable batteries shall be considered. However, when selecting batteries, emphasis shall be placed on performance requirements, duty cycle, toxic or non-renewable materials contained in the battery, charging equipment, total energy consumed by charging the battery during its life cycle, and other factors to achieve the goal of protecting the environment and saving costs. Rechargeable batteries or small lithium primary batteries are good for the environment when used in high-current products (such as electric toys) or when portable power is frequently used. In daily equipment with medium or low current requirements or infrequent use, alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide batteries are more environmentally friendly. 4.4 Recovery rate Some laws and regulations clearly stipulate the battery recycling rate, that is, the percentage of the total mass of batteries recycled in a natural year to the annual average mass of batteries put on the market in the previous three years.5 Environmental requirements and recommendations5.1 Overview Corresponding battery standards or environmental management requirements have been established in foreign countries. Batteries placed on the market in these countries or regions shall comply with the latest relevant regulations, see Annex A for details. Annex A does not cover all battery-related regulations in detail. Global directives that do not apply to batteries are shown in Annex B. Battery manufacturers shall consider local laws and regulations in the following aspects. a) Battery design; b) Parts procurement or supplier selection; c) Quality control, parts and raw material analysis; d) Labeling. 5.2 General The following applies to hazardous substances, content limits, preparation of batteries for analysis, and methods for analyzing hazardous substances in batteries (such as connection terminals, wires, and casings). In addition, batteries shall be analyzed separately and their contents shall be confirmed. In addition to the battery itself, the contents of each battery part shall be obtained by separate analysis, or relevant information provided by the supplier. The test sample can be obtained by processing the components of the battery indiscriminately. However, this may cause the target substances (mercury, cadmium, lead, etc.) to sublime or dissolve during the sample generation process and may be interfered with by the individual elements during the measurement process, resulting in losses. In view of this risk, the method of distinguishing the components before preparing the test sample is preferred to the method of not distinguishing specific components. However, in cases where it is difficult to distinguish the battery components for some reason, alternative methods such as freezing and rolling can be used. NOTE. The above only applies to ordinary cylindrical batteries. 5.4.2 Component classification The components, parts and materials of batteries are divided into 4 categories. The more finely the metal parts are distinguished, the simpler the acid dissolution and measurement becomes. Peelable labels shall be considered plastic parts, but those baked or written on the metal casing shall be considered metal parts. The following are the four categories. a) Cathode mass (including electrolyte), carbon rod; b) Anode colloid (including electrolyte), anode zinc can; c) Plastic, paper (including separator); d) Metal parts (iron-nickel series parts, aluminum alloy parts, copper alloy parts). 5.5 Disassembly process 5.5.1 Alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery Battery disassembly shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 20155-2018. 5.5.2 Non-alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide batteries Battery disassembly shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 20155-2018. 5.6 Dismantling personnel qualifications Battery disassembly shall be performed by professionals in accordance with instructions. 5.7 Sample preparation and analytical methods Sample preparation and analysis of mercury, cadmium and lead shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 20155-2018.6 MarkingFor marking requirements, see 4.1.6 of GB/T 8897.1-2021.The battery or its packaging shall be marked with the following symbols to indicate that the battery shall be collected after disposal. a) When there are corresponding collection and recycling laws and regulations, the battery shall be attached with the logo in Figure 1; b) In countries and regions that use different marks, the battery shall be attached with the corresponding logo required by the local area; c) In countries and regions that do not require battery marking, this mark means that it is advisable to collect waste batteries in a centralized manner.7 Battery disposal7.1 General Primary batteries that comply with 5.3, such as mercury-free batteries, cadmium-free batteries and lead-free batteries, will not pose a threat to the environment during normal use and waste disposal. They shall be disposed of as other waste in domestic waste. 7.2 Confirmation of the characteristics of hazardous waste 7.2.1 General Primary batteries, including alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide batteries and non-alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide batteries, are not harmful to the environment during normal use and solid waste disposal because they do not meet the following hazardous waste requirements. Generally speaking, if a solid waste does not meet any of the following requirements (toxicity, flammability, reactivity, corrosiveness), it is not a hazardous waste. 7.2.2 Toxicity According to the identification procedures of GB 5085.2-2007, GB 5085.3-2007 and GB 5085.6-2007, any hazardous component whose content exceeds the standard concentration limit shall be deemed to be toxic. 7.2.3 Flammability The identification is carried out according to the identification procedure of GB 5085.4- 2007.If any requirement is met, it is deemed to be flammable. 7.2.4 Reactivity The identification is carried out according to the identification procedure of GB 5085.5- 2007.If any requirement is met, it is considered to be reactive. 7.2.5 Corrosiveness The identification shall be carried out according to the identification procedure of GB 5085.1-2007.If any requirement is met, it shall be deemed to be corrosive. 7.3 Hazardous waste control If the battery is confirmed to contain harmful components, such as mercury, cadmium, and lead, the content of which is specified in GB 24427-2021.Waste of mercury-free batteries, cadmium-free batteries, and lead-free batteries can be regarded as non- hazardous waste. Transboundary movement shall be disposed of in accordance with the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. These waste batteries can be disposed of with general garbage because they do not pose a threat to the environment.8 Environmental considerations8.1 General Every product has an impact on the environment. This impact runs through every stage of the product life cycle. Environmental factors shall be considered from the production of raw materials, manufacturing, consumption to solid waste collection to limit the impact of waste batteries on the environment. ISO Guide 64.2008 Chapter 4 describes what needs to be considered and how. 8.2 Environmental assessment 8.2.1 Overview ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. 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