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GB/T 5027-2025: Metallic materials - Sheet and strip - Determination of plastic strain ratio (r)---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT5027-2025GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 77.040.10 CCS H 23 Replacing GB/T 5027-2016 Metallic materials - Sheet and strip - Determination of plastic strain ratio (r) [ISO 10113.2020, Metallic materials - Sheet and strip - Determination of plastic strain ratio (r) MOD] Issued on: JUNE 30, 2025 Implemented on: JANUARY 01, 2026 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Table of ContentsForeword... 3 1 Scope... 5 2 Normative references... 5 3 Terms and definitions... 5 4 Symbols and their meanings... 7 5 Principle... 9 6 Test apparatus... 11 7 Test sample... 11 8 Test procedure... 12 9 Additional test results... 20 10 Test report... 20 Appendix A (Informative) List of technical differences between this document and ISO 10113.2020 and their reasons... 21 Appendix B (Informative) Traceability method for determination error of r... 22 Bibliography... 32ForewordThis document was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T 1.1-2020, Directives for standardization - Part 1.Rules for the structure and drafting of standardizing documents. This document replaces GB/T 5027-2016, Metallic materials - Sheet and strip - Determination of plastic strain ratio. Compared with GB/T 5027-2016, in addition to structural adjustments and editorial changes, the main technical changes of this document are as follows. -- Modify some symbols and descriptions in Table 1 (see Chapter 4; Chapter 4 of the 2016 edition); -- Change the test procedure by re-classifying the three methods used for the determination of r (manual, semi-automatic and automatic) (see Chapter 8; Chapter 8 of the 2016 edition); -- Combine the provisions for the calculation of r into Chapter 8, and the clearly divide data evaluation methods for r into single-point method A (deducting elastic strain), single-point method B (without deducting elastic strain), and interval regression method (see Chapter 8; Chapter 9 of the 2016 edition); -- Change the terms of weighted average value and anisotropy to additional test results (see Chapter 9; Chapter 9 of the 2016 edition); This document adopts ISO 10113.2020, Metallic materials - Sheet and strip - Determination of plastic strain ratio (r) by modification. Compared with ISO 10113.2020, this document makes the following structural adjustments. -- 8.4.3.4 corresponds to 8.4.3.3 of ISO 10113.2020, and Formula (17) corresponds to Formula (14) of ISO 10113.2020; -- Appendix B corresponds to Appendix A of ISO 10113.2020. This document contains many technical differences compared to ISO 10113.2020, which are indicated by a single vertical line (|) in the outer margin of the clauses involved. A list of these technical differences and their reasons is given in Appendix A. This document also makes the following editorial modifications. -- Delete Note 1 in Table 1 of Chapter 4 of the international standard; -- Delete the informative Appendix B "Symbol Comparison Table" of the international standard; -- Add Chinese literatures in the Bibliography. Please note that some of the contents of this document may involve patents. The issuing organization of this document is not responsible for identifying patents. This document was proposed by China Iron and Steel Industry Association. This document shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee 183 on Iron and Steel of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 183). Drafting organizations of this document. Wuhan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Suns Technology Stock Co., Ltd., China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute, Baosteel Zhanjiang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Ben Gang Group Corporation, Guobiao (Beijing) Testing & Certification Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Haisem Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Wance Testing Machine Co., Ltd., Tianjin Tiger Running Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd. Main drafters of this document. Tu Yinghong, Li Rongfeng, Wen Zhen, Hou Huining, Li Yan, Liu Hongliang, Shang Lun, Zhang Hongju, Yang Xin, Huang Xing, Dong Qiang, Liang Tingfeng, Dong Li, Liu Dong, Li Wei, Fu Yujing, Cao Dongdong, Li Changtai, Liu Bo, Guo Bicheng. The previous versions – replaced by this document – of the standard. -- First published in 1985 as GB/T 5027-1985; revised for the first time in 1999, revised for the second time in 2007, and revised for the third time in 2016; -- This is the fourth revision. Metallic materials - Sheet and strip - Determination of plastic strain ratio (r)1 ScopeThis document specifies the principle, test apparatus, test samples, test procedures, additional test results and test report for the determination of plastic strain ratio of metal sheet and strip. This document applies to the determination of plastic strain ratio of metal sheet and strip.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. GB/T 228.1-2021, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1.Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1.2019, MOD) GB/T 8170, Rules of rounding off for numerical values & expression and judgment of limiting values GB/T 12160, Metallic materials - Calibration of extensometers systems used in uniaxial testing (GB/T 12160-2019, ISO 9513.2012, IDT)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions, as well as those given in GB/T 228.1, apply. 3.1 plastic strain ratio Under uniaxial tensile stress, the ratio of the true plastic strain in the width direction of the sample to the true plastic strain in the thickness direction, as shown in Formula (1). Note. For some materials, other sampling directions may be used, in which case a calculation formula different from Formula (3) shall be used. 3.3 degree of planar anisotropy Δr The value obtained by substituting the rx/y values of the samples in different sampling directions into Formula (4). The values of r in different directions are measured using the same determination method and the same (engineering) plastic strain y or (engineering) plastic strain range α-β. Note. For some materials, other sampling directions may be used, in which case a calculation formula different from Formula (4) shall be used. 3.4 Poisson’s ratio The ratio of the elastic strain in the width direction of the sample to the elastic strain in the length direction.4 Symbols and their meaningsThe symbols used in this document and their meanings are shown in Table 1.5 PrinciplePlastic strain ratio (r) is usually used to characterize and evaluate materials, and is also used for numerical simulation of forming processes. Stretch the sample to a specified (engineering) plastic strain level, and calculate r based on the change in sample width and thickness after unloading or after deducting the elastic strain, or calculate r based on the principle of volume invariance, using the changes in sample length and width, see formula (5). Where. εp_a – true plastic strain in the thickness direction, εp_a=ln భబ ; εp_b – true plastic strain in the width direction, εp_b=lnభబ; εp_l – true plastic strain in the length direction, εp_l=lnభబ. The volume invariance principle only applies to the situation before the maximum plastic elongation Ag, because after this point the sample will undergo local necking and this principle is no longer valid. Some materials will show a slight local necking before Ag, which may cause the instantaneous reduction of the sample in the width direction to be too large, resulting in an overestimation of r. This deviation is especially obvious when the transverse extensometer is only clamped in the middle area of the original gauge length of the sample. At this time, the following two processing methods are recommended. a) The transverse extensometer should be able to measure the instantaneous reduction in the width direction of the sample at multiple locations, and the measurement points should cover the entire (longitudinal) gauge length; b) The length of the parallel section of the sample should be at least six times the original width bo of the sample gauge length. The sampling direction of the sample relative to the rolling direction and the (engineering) plastic strain level for determining r are specified by the relevant product standard. When r >1, the deformation characteristic of the material is that the deformation in the width direction is greater than that in the thickness direction (εp_b >εp_a, as shown in Figure 1); when r< 1, the deformation in the thickness direction is greater than that in the width direction (εp_b< εp_a, as shown in Figure 1); when r=1, the deformation behavior of the material in the thickness direction and the width direction is isotropic (εp_b=εp_a, as shown in Figure 1). Key. 1 – original cross section of the parallel section of the sample; 2 – significant deformation of the material in the width direction; 3 – isotropic material (deformation is uniform across the width and thickness [εp_b=εp_a]); 4 – significant deformation of the material in the thickness direction; a Increase with the plastic extension. Figure 1 – Schematic diagram of cross-sectional changes corresponding to different r values6 Test apparatus6.1 The tensile testing machine shall meet the requirements of GB/T 228.1 for equipment. 6.2 For the manual measurement method (see 8.2), the device used to measure the original gauge length of the sample and the gauge length after plastic deformation occurs and is unloaded shall have an accuracy of ±0.2% or better. The device used to measure the original width of the sample and the width of the sample after plastic deformation occurs and is unloaded shall have an accuracy of ±0.005 mm or better. 6.3 For the semi-automatic measurement method (see 8.3), the longitudinal extensometer shall meet the accuracy requirements of Class 1 or better in GB/T 12160. The device used to measure the original width of the sample and the width of the sample after plastic deformation occurs and is unloaded shall have an accuracy of ±0.005 mm or better. Note. The accuracy of the longitudinal extensometer gauge length Le has a great influence on the determination of the r value. 6.4 For the automatic measurement method (see 8.4), the extensometer shall meet the accuracy requirements of Class 1 or better in GB/T 12160 within the range used, and the device for measuring the original width of the sample shall have an accuracy of ±0.1% or better. Note. When the gauge length of the extensometer is long and the extension is large, the maximum measurement error of the Class 1 extensometer may exceed ±0.01 mm. 6.5 The clamping method of the sample shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 228.1.7 Test sample7.1 Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant product standards. If the product standards do not specify, sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the agreement between the relevant parties. 7.2 The sample type and preparation, including size tolerance, shape tolerance, and marking of the original gauge length, shall comply with the requirements of Appendix E of GB/T 228.1-2021.The two sides of the sample shall be sufficiently parallel within the gauge length to ensure that the difference in width measurements at any two locations is less than 0.1% of the average width measurement. 7.3 In order to ensure that the various types of samples listed in GB/T 228.1-2021 (Appendix E) produce uniform deformation within the gauge length, it shall be ensured that the parallel section length of the sample Lc ≥ (Lo + 2bo). If Lc ≥ (Lo + 2bo) cannot be met due to insufficient size of the product, with the agreement of both the supplier and the buyer, a sample with Lc meeting the minimum value specified in Appendix E of GB/T 228.1-2021 can be used. It is recommended to use a transverse extensometer with a multi-line measurement method (see reference [1]), or select a smaller gauge length after consultation and agreement between all parties. 7.4 Unless otherwise specified, the sample thickness shall be the full thickness of the plate being tested. 7.5 There shall be no surface defects (such as scratches) in the parallel section of the sample.8 Test procedure8.1 General requirements 8.1.1 The test is generally carried out at room temperature between 10 °C and 35 °C. When the test is required to be carried out under temperature-controlled conditions, the temperature shall be controlled at (23±5) ℃. 8.1.2 The strain rate should be switched after the sample has undergone at least 0.2% plastic deformation and entered the evaluation range of r. Within the evaluation range of r, the strain rate of the parallel section of the sample shall remain constant within a relative deviation of no more than ±20% and shall not exceed 0.008 s-1. Note. The value of r measured on a coated material (e.g., galvanized or organically coated) may differ from that of the uncoated base material. 8.1.3 If, after the test, the sample shows lateral bending (see Figure 2) that may affect the test results, the test is invalid and shall be repeated. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. Tips & Frequently Asked Questions:Question 1: How long will the true-PDF of English version of GB/T 5027-2025 be delivered?Answer: The full copy PDF of English version of GB/T 5027-2025 can be downloaded in 9 seconds, and it will also be emailed to you in 9 seconds (double mechanisms to ensure the delivery reliably), with PDF-invoice.Question 2: Can I share the purchased PDF of GB/T 5027-2025_English with my colleagues?Answer: Yes. 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