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GB/T 39104.1-2020: Textiles - Determination of antifungal activity of textile products - Part 1: Luminescence method Delivery: 9 seconds. True-PDF full-copy in English & invoice will be downloaded + auto-delivered via email. See step-by-step procedure Status: Valid
Similar standardsGB/T 39104.1-2020: Textiles - Determination of antifungal activity of textile products - Part 1: Luminescence method---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT39104.1-2020 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 59.080.01 W 04 Textiles - Determination of Antifungal Activity of Textile Products - Part 1: Luminescence Method (ISO 13629-1:2012, MOD) ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 21, 2020 IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 1, 2021 Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Table of ContentsForeword ... 3 Introduction ... 5 1 Scope ... 6 2 Normative References ... 6 3 Terms and Definitions ... 6 4 Principle ... 7 5 Safety Precautions ... 7 6 Test Fungi ... 7 7 Instruments and Equipment ... 8 8 Reagents and Culture Media ... 9 9 Preservation and Application of Fungus ... 13 10 Spore Suspension ... 14 11 Preparation of ATP Calibration Curve ... 16 12 Test Methods ... 18 13 Determination of Luminescence Intensity ... 21 14 Calculation ... 23 15 Test Report ... 24 Appendix A (normative) The Fungi Used for the Tests ... 25 Appendix B (informative) Antifungal Effect ... 26 Bibliography ... 27 Textiles - Determination of Antifungal Activity of Textile Products - Part 1: Luminescence Method1 ScopeThis Part of GBT 39104 specifies the quantitative test method for determining the antifungal activity of textiles through the luminescence intensity generated by an enzymatic reaction [adenosine triphosphate (ATP) method]. This Part is applicable to various types of textile products, such as: fibers, yarns, fabrics, clothing, bedclothes, home furnishings and other textile products.2 Normative ReferencesThe following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document. GB/T 20944.2-2007 Textiles - Evaluation for Antibacterial Activity - Part 2: Absorption Method3 Terms and DefinitionsThe following terms and definitions are applicable to this document. 3.1 Control Fabric Control fabric refers to a fabric used to validate the growth conditions of test fungus. NOTE: the control fabric can be taken from textiles of the same texture as the specimen but without antifungal treatment. If the above-mentioned specimen cannot be obtained, use 100% cotton fabric without fluorescent brighteners or other finish as the control fabric; before use, in accordance with the stipulations of GB/T 8629, at 60 C, without adding any detergents or brighteners, perform cyclic washing for 10 times; for each cycle, wash for 10 min and rinse twice for a total of 5 min. 3.2 Antifungal Agent Antifungal agent refers to an adjuvant that inhibits or slows down the growth of fungus or reduces the number of fungus. 3.3 Antifungal Treatment Antifungal treatment refers to a treatment that inhibits or mitigates the growth of fungus or reduces the number of fungus. 3.4 Spore Suspension Spore suspension refers to a liquid, in which fungal spores are uniformly dispersed in sterilized water containing an anionic surfactant. 3.5 Adenosine Triphosphate; ATP Adenosine triphosphate refers to a multi-functional nucleotide present in living fungi. 3.6 Antifungal Activity Antifungal activity refers to an activity of inhibiting or slowing down the growth of fungus, which is characterized by the difference between the growth values expressed by the logarithm of ATP in the control fabric and the test specimen. 3.7 Luminescence Method Luminescence method refers to a method of determining the amount of ATP in fungal cells. NOTE: the result is expressed in moles of ATP.4 PrincipleRespectively use the spore suspension of the test fungus to inoculate the test specimen and the control fabric. In addition, under the condition of 25 C, incubate it for 42 h. By comparing the determination results of the luminescence intensity of intracellular ATP of the fungus on the test specimen and the control fabric, quantitatively determine the fungal growth value or antifungal activity.5 Safety PrecautionsThis Method requires the use of fungi. The test shall be performed by personnel trained and experienced in microbiological techniques. National laws, regulations and recommended norms related to appropriate safety precautions shall be followed.6 Test FungiThe test fungal strains shall be selected from Table A.1 of Appendix A. With the consent of the related sides, equivalent fungal strains provided by other culture collection institutions affiliated to the World Federation for Culture Collection (WFCC) may be taken as a replacement. 7.21 Microscope: with a magnification of 200. 7.22 Ultrasonic cleaner: the compact type for experiments, with a frequency of approximately 30 kHz ~ 50 kHz. 7.23 Luminometer: the test wavelength is 300 nm ~ 650 nm. Under the analytical conditions specified in 8.4 and Chapter 11, it is capable of ATP measurement at the concentration of 1 10-8 mol/L ~ 1 10-5 mol/L. 7.24 pH meter: at 25 C, the accuracy is 0.1. 7.25 Refrigerator: capable of maintaining the temperature at 2 C ~ 10 C. 7.26 Freezers: one capable of adjusting the temperature to below 80 C, and the other capable of adjusting the temperature to below 20 C. Test tubes, glass vials, flasks, pipettes and tweezers shall be carefully washed with an alkaline or neutral detergent, rinsed and dried; before use, they shall be processed through dry sterilization or high-pressure steam sterilization.8 Reagents and Culture Media8.1 General The reagents used for the test shall be analytically pure and / or suitable for microbiological testing. The existing commercial dehydration products should be used to prepare the culture media. In addition, the instructions for use provided by the manufacturers of relevant products should be strictly followed. 8.2 Pure Water Analytical-grade pure water used for the preparation of microbial culture media and reagents. It shall be obtained through distillation, ion exchange, ultrafiltration and / or reverse osmosis (RO) device filtration; it shall be free from toxic or fungus-inhibitory substances. 8.3 Anionic Surfactant Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, used to prepare the spore suspension. 8.4 Luminescent Reagents, Reagents and Buffer Solutions 8.4.1 General In accordance with the stipulations of 8.4.2 ~ 8.4.8, prepare reagents and buffer solutions. They may be replaced by appropriately validated commercial reagents. ---Use the Pasteur pipette (7.13) or an equivalent device to pipette 0.5 mL of the sterilized water containing anionic surfactant (8.4.8) (Step 1); ---By 5 times, disperse it into the spores in the center of the agar plate; slowly wash the surface (Step 2). NOTE: minor adjustments are acceptable, for example, increasing the amount of washing water. Under this circumstance, keep records of all conditions. 10.3 Collection and Dispersion of Spore Suspension from a Culture Medium See the steps below: ---Use the Pasteur pipette (7.13) or an equivalent device to pipette the spore suspension in 10.2; ---Transfer it into about 5 mL of the sterilized water containing anionic surfactant (8.4.8); ---Pipette about 100 times, or use a test tube agitator to agitate it, or perform light ultrasonic cleaning for 5 min, so that the spores can be thoroughly dispersed; ---Visually observe that the suspension appears slightly cloudy (Step 3). 10.4 Filtering to Remove Hyphae and Spore Threads Use a funnel or other devices with gauze (7.1) or glass wool to perform the filtration (Step 4). NOTE: the size of the gauze (7.1) or glass wool can be 5 cm 5 cm, which is laid 4 layers 1 layer. 10.5 Use Centrifugal Separation and Re-suspension to Remove Supernatant See the steps below: ---After filtration, under the condition of 25 C 2 C, at the centrifugal acceleration of 2,000 g, centrifuge for 5 min. When the centrifugal separator (7.18) does not have a temperature control device, the centrifugation may be performed at room temperature; ---Remove the supernatant; ---Add 5 mL of the sterilized water containing anionic surfactant (8.4.8); ---Thoroughly pipette to disperse the spores, or use a test tube agitator to agitate it, or perform light ultrasonic cleaning for 5 min, so that the spores can be thoroughly dispersed (Step 5). 10.6 Confirmation of Concentration of Spore Suspension Use a hemocytometer to check the following items: a) The count and status of spores: confirm that the spore count is 1 106 CFU/mL ~ 3 106 CFU/mL, and over 90% of the spores are single spores free from hyphae; b) When there are too many spores: use the sterilized water containing anionic surfactant (8.4.8) to dilute the suspension, so that the spore count can reduce to 1 106 CFU/mL ~ 3 106 CFU/mL; check the spore count again; c) When there are not enough spores: repeat the centrifugal separation to remove the supernatant; use the sterilized water containing anionic surfactant (8.4.8) to adjust the spore count to 1 106 CFU/mL ~ 3 106 CFU/mL; check the spore count again; d) For the transfer method in 12.1.3, the spore count shall be adjusted to 1 108 CFU/mL ~ 3 108 CFU/mL. The spore suspension of this concentration shall be used for testing. 10.7 Adjustment of Spore Suspension for Testing See the steps below: ---Use an anionic surfactant solution containing 5% SDB to adjust the concentration of the spore suspension to 1 105 CFU/mL ~ 3 105 CFU/mL; reserve it for tests; NOTE: for example, to prepare 100 mL of anionic surfactant solution containing 5% SDB: in 95 mL of the sterilized water containing anionic surfactant prepared in accordance with 8.4.8, add 5 mL of the SDB culture medium prepared in accordance with 8.5.2. ---When diluting, thoroughly agitate the spore suspension; ---Under the condition of 3 C ~ 4 C, refrigerate the spore suspension and use it within 4 h.11 Preparation of ATP Calibration CurveThe process of preparing the ATP calibration curve is as follows (the curve shall be drawn on the day of the test): a) Use pure water to dilute the ATP standard stock solution in 8.4.2, so as to prepare 3 dilutions with the exact concentrations of 1 108 mol/L, 1 107 mol/L and 1 106 mol/L; b) In accordance with the following steps, prepare the first ATP dilution sample: transfer 0.1 mL from each dilution to a different plastic test tube, then, add 0.05 mL of pure water and 0.35 mL of physiological saline solution to each plastic test tube and shake it well; c) In accordance with the following steps, prepare the second ATP dilution sample: take 0.1 mL from the first ATP dilution sample and add it to the test tube; add 0.4 mL of physiological saline solution and shake it well; Where, Y---the ATP concentration, expressed in (mol/L); X---the luminescence intensity (RLU is the relative light unit). When the correlation coefficient between the mean luminescence intensity and ATP concentration is lower than 0.99, the ATP calibration curve shall be re-drawn.12 Test Methods12.1 Specimen Preparation and Inoculation 12.1.1 General The absorption method and transfer method can be adopted for the inoculation. The transfer method is suitable for non-absorbent textiles. 12.1.2 Absorption method 12.1.2.1 Sample washing If necessary, in accordance with method 10.1 of GB/T 20944.2-2007, wash the specimen. After washing, use water to rinse the specimen, so as to remove the detergent. If other methods not mentioned here are adopted, they shall be stated in the report. 12.1.2.2 Shape and mass of specimen Cut a representative specimen from the sample and cut it into an appropriate size. Weigh-take 0.20 g 0.03 g as a test specimen. Respectively take six control fabrics and six test specimens. NOTE: three of the control fabrics and three of the test specimens are used to determine the luminescence intensity at the “0” contact time at the end of the inoculation. The remaining sample is used to determine the luminescence intensity at the contact time after the inoculation. 12.1.2.3 Placement of specimens In accordance with the characteristic of the specimen, select one of the following methods and respectively put each specimen into a different screw-top glass vial (7.9): a) If the specimen is a textile that easily curls, or contains wadding or down, place a glass rod on the specimen in the screw-top glass vial (7.9), or use thread to fix both sides of the specimen; b) In case of a yarn specimen, arrange the yarn into a bundle and place a glass rod on the specimen in the screw-top glass vial (7.9); c) In case of a carpet or samples with a similar structure, cut off the raised portion of the sample as the specimen and place a glass rod on the specimen in the screw-top glass vial (7.9). 12.1.2.4 Specimen sterilization If necessary, for contaminated specimens, in accordance with the following steps, use the autoclave (7.4) to perform sterilization: a) Use aluminum foil to cover the top of the screw-top glass vial (7.9) that contains the specimen; b) Place the screw-top glass vial (7.9) covered with aluminum foil into a metal basket for autoclaving; c) Use aluminum foil to cover the cap of the vial and place it in the metal basket; d) Put the vial cap and the screw-top glass vial (7.9) that contains the specimen into the autoclave (7.4); at 121 C (103 kPa), perform sterilization for 15 min ~ 20 min; e) After sterilization, remove the aluminum foil in a sterile laboratory, and put the screw- top glass vial (7.9) that contains the specimen into the Grade-2 safety cabinet (7.5) or other places without the risk of air contamination to dry for at least 60 min; f) Tightly close the cap. NOTE 1: if the autoclave (7.4) or other sterilization method is used, it shall be stated in the report, for example, the use of ethylene oxide gas or gamma-ray. NOTE 2: some sterilization methods may inactivate or increase the release of certain antimicrobial agents, which leads to erroneous results. NOTE 3: the sterilization method used for the control fabrics may remain consistent with that used for the specimens. 12.1.2.5 Inoculation Respectively and accurately transfer-take 0.2 mL of 1 105 CFU/mL ~ 3 105 CFU/mL spore suspension prepared in 10.7. Perform disperse inoculation on each specimen prepared in 12.1.2.2. NOTE 1: before transferring the spore suspension onto the specimen, mix it well. Make sure that the spore suspension is uniformly distributed on different parts of the specimen. Use a glass rod to press it, so that the spore suspension is thoroughly absorbed. After the inoculation is completed, immediately determine the luminescence intensity of the specimen in accordance with the stipulations of Chapter 13. c) Add 5.0 mL of ATP extracting reagent (Step 8); d) Tighten the cap and mix it well. Manually shake it for 30 times or use the test tube agitator to agitate it for 5 times, 5 s each time. At room temperature, let it stand for 10 min (Step 9); NOTE 2: if the specimen floats on the fungal suspension, use a glass rod to press it, so that the specimen is fully immersed. e) Shake it well. Respectively transfer 0.2 mL of the solution prepared in d) into two plastic test tubes (Step 10); f) Respectively add 0.1 mL of the ATP luminescent reagent to the sample solution prepared in e); use the test tube agitator to agitate it for 5 s, then, immediately use the luminometer (7.23) to determine the luminescence intensity (Step 11); g) Determine the luminescence intensity of the two specimens. 13.2 Transfer Method See the specific process below: a) Add 0.1 mL of ATP eliminating reagent to the specimen prepared in 12.2.2; add (4.9- mD) mL of physiological saline solution (see 12.1.3.3); b) Use a pipette to agitate it for about 30 times to evenly mix it. Tilt the Petri dish to facilitate pipetting. At room temperature, let it stand for 20 min; NOTE 2: if the specimen floats on the fungal suspension, use a glass rod to press it, so that the specimen is fully immersed. c) Add 5.0 mL of ATP extracting reagent; d) Use a pipette to agitate it for about 30 times to evenly mix it. Tilt the Petri dish to facilitate pipetting. At room temperature, let it stand for 10 min; NOTE 2: if the specimen floats on the fungal suspension, use a glass rod to press it, so that the specimen is fully immersed. e) Through the mode of pipetting, agitate it; take 0.2 mL of solution d) and respectively transfer it into two plastic test tubes; f) Add 0.1 mL of luminescent reagent to the sample solution in e); use the agitator to agitate it for 5 s. Use the luminometer to determine the luminescence intensity; g) Determine the luminescence intensity of the two specimens. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. 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