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Similar standardsGB/T 39086-2020: Functional Safety Requirements and Testing Methods for Battery Management System of Electric Vehicles---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT39086-2020 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 43.040 T 35 Functional Safety Requirements and Testing Methods for Battery Management System of Electric Vehicles Issued on. SEPTEMBER 29, 2020 Implemented on. APRIL 1, 2021 Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Table of ContentsForeword... 3 1 Scope... 4 2 Normative References... 4 3 Terms and Definitions... 4 4 General Requirements... 8 5 Definition of Related Items... 8 6 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment... 9 7 Functional Safety Requirements... 10 8 Verification and Confirmation of Functional Safety... 16 Appendix A (informative) An Example of Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA) with Battery Management System as a Related Item... 30 Appendix B (informative) An Example of Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA) with Power Battery System as a Related Item... 39 Appendix C (informative) An Example of Determination Method for Fault Tolerant Time Interval (FTTI)... 471 ScopeThis Standard specifies the functional safety requirements and test methods for power battery management system (hereinafter referred to as “battery management system”) of electric vehicles. This Standard is applicable to lithium-ion battery management system for electric passenger vehicles. Other types of power battery management systems and power battery management systems for other types of vehicles may take this as a reference.2 Normative ReferencesThe following documents are indispensable to the application of this document. In terms of references with a specified date, only versions with a specified date are applicable to this document. In terms of references without a specified date, the latest version (including all the modifications) is applicable to this document. GB 18384-2020 Electric Vehicles Safety Requirements GB/T 19596-2017 Terminology of Electric Vehicles GB/T 34590-2017 (all parts) Road Vehicles - Functional Safety GB 38031-2020 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements GB/T 38661-2020 Technical Specifications of Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles3 Terms and DefinitionsWhat is defined in GB/T 19596-2017 and GB/T 34590.1-2017, and the following terms and definitions are applicable to this document. For ease of use, some terms and definitions in GB/T 19596-2017 are repeated listed. 3.1 Battery Management System; BMS Battery management system refers to a system that monitors the state (temperature, voltage and state of charge, etc.) of a battery, and can provide communication, safety, cell balancing and management control for the battery, and provide a communication interface with application equipment. 3.2 Secondary Cell Secondary cell refers to a basic unit device that mutually converts chemical energy and electrical energy. Secondary cell usually includes electrodes, diaphragms, electrolytes, shells and terminals, and is designed to be rechargeable. 3.4 Power Battery System Power battery system refers to an energy storage device consisted of one or more battery packs and corresponding accessories (battery management systems, high- voltage circuits, low-voltage circuits, thermal management equipment and mechanical assembly) to provide electrical energy for the driving of electric vehicles. 3.5 Fault Tolerant Time Interval; FTTI Fault tolerant time interval refers to the shortest time interval from the occurrence of an internal failure of a related item to the occurrence of a hazardous event under the circumstance where the safety mechanism is not activated.4 General RequirementsUnless it is otherwise specified, the requirements for the functional safety technology development and process development of battery management system shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T 34590-2017 (all parts).5 Definition of Related Items5.1 General Rules In accordance with the requirements of GB/T 34590.3-2017, related items shall be defined. Related items refer to systems or system groups that implement vehicle-level functions or partial functions. 5.2 Functional Concept In order to satisfy the safe operation of a vehicle and ensure the safety of the internal and external personnel of the vehicle, and the vehicle environment, the battery management system shall monitor and protect the safe operation of the power battery. 5.3 Operating Conditions and Environmental Constraints In order to satisfy the safe operation of a vehicle, the operating conditions and environmental constraints of related items need to be clarified, which may include (if applicable).6 Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment6.1 General Rules In accordance with the definition of related items in Chapter 5, and GB/T 34590.3-2017, based on the scenario of vehicle usage, analyze and identify hazards caused by faults of the related items; classify the hazards; define the corresponding automatic safety integrity level (ASIL); formulate safety goals to prevent the occurrence of hazardous events or relieve the degree of hazards, so as to avoid unreasonable risks. 6.2 Safety Goals The safety goals and their attributes of the battery management system determined through hazard analysis and risk assessment shall at least include the content listed in Table 1.7 Functional Safety Requirements7.1 Prevent Thermal Runaway Caused by Overcharging of Secondary Cell 7.1.1 General requirements The battery management system shall monitor the voltage of secondary cell. When the voltage of secondary cell exceeds the safety threshold, the power battery system shall be put into a safe state within FTTI. When the overcharging fault withdrawal and elimination conditions of the secondary cell are not satisfied, the power battery system shall not exit the safe state. 7.1.2 Operation mode The battery management system shall be in a working state. 7.1.3 FTTI The FTTI for overcharging of secondary cell shall be provided based on the battery system manufacturer’s overcharging test results. 7.1.4 Entry and exit of safe state When it is confirmed that the voltage of secondary cell exceeds the safety threshold, the battery management system shall disconnect the high-voltage loop circuit and enter the safe state. When the overcharging fault withdrawal and elimination conditions of the secondary cell are not satisfied, it shall not exit the safe state. 7.1.5 Alarm and degradation concept After the battery management system detects an overcharging fault of secondary cell, it shall warn the driver through warning signals or prompt messages. 7.2 Prevent Thermal Runaway Caused by Recharging after Over- discharging of Secondary Cell 7.2.1 General requirements The battery management system shall monitor the voltage of secondary cell. When the voltage of secondary cell exceeds the safety threshold, the power battery system shall 7.2.2 Operation mode The battery management system shall be in a working state. 7.2.3 FTTI The FTTI for recharging after over-discharging of secondary cell shall be provided based on the battery system manufacturer’s recharging after over-discharging test results. 7.3 Prevent Thermal Runaway Caused by Over-temperature of Secondary Cell 7.3.1 General requirements The battery management system shall monitor the temperature of secondary cell. When the temperature of secondary cell exceeds the safety threshold, the power battery system shall be put into a safe state within FTTI. When the over-temperature fault withdrawal and elimination conditions of the secondary cell are not satisfied, the power battery system shall not exit the safe state. Fault detection, response and handling shall be completed within FTTI. The safety threshold shall be provided based on the battery system manufacturer’s over-temperature test results. The temperature of the temperature measurement point in the battery system shall be able to represent the highest temperature of secondary cell in the battery system. 7.3.2 Operation mode The battery management system shall be in a working state. 7.3.3 FTTI The FTTI for over-temperature of secondary cell shall be provided based on the battery system manufacturer’s over-temperature test results. 7.3.4 Entry and exit of safe state When it is confirmed that the temperature of secondary cell is higher than the safety threshold, the battery management system shall disconnect the high-voltage loop circuit and enter the safe state. When the over-temperature fault withdrawal and elimination conditions of the secondary cell are not satisfied, it shall not exit the safe state. 7.4 Prevent Thermal Runaway Caused by Overcurrent of Power Battery System 7.4.1 General requirements The battery management system shall monitor the current of the power battery system. When the current of the power battery system is higher than the safety threshold, the power battery system shall be put into a safe state within FTTI. When the overcurrent 7.4.2 Operation mode The battery management system shall be in a working state. 7.4.5 Alarm and degradation concept After the battery management system detects an overcurrent fault of the power battery system, it shall warn the driver through warning signals or prompt messages. If there are scenarios where the power battery cannot immediately enter or maintain the safe state, a degradation function (for example, limitation of charging and discharging power, and prohibition of the operation of some non-safe-operation-related functions) shall be designed to put the vehicle into the emergency operation mode.8 Verification and Confirmation of Functional Safety8.1 General Rules The verification of functional safety is to verify the completeness and correctness of the functional safety requirements. The confirmation of functional safety is to confirm that the safety goals are thoroughly realized, and that the occurrence of hazardous events can be relieved or avoided at the system and vehicle level. 8.2 Functional Safety Verification 8.2.1 Prevent thermal runaway caused by overcharging of secondary cell 8.2.1.1 Test purpose The battery management system shall monitor the voltage of secondary cell. When the voltage of secondary cell exceeds the safety threshold, the power battery system shall be put into a safe state within FTTI. When the overcharging fault withdrawal and elimination conditions of the secondary cell are not satisfied, the power battery system shall not exit the safe state. 8.2.1.2 Test object The test object is the battery management system. 8.2.1.3 Test requirements 8.2.1.4 Test end conditions 8.2.1.5 Test pass criteria The test object enters the safe state within FTTI and does not accidentally exit the safe state. 8.2.2 Prevent thermal runaway caused by recharging after over-discharging of secondary cell 8.2.3 Prevent thermal runaway caused by over-temperature of secondary cell 8.2.3.1 Test purpose The battery management system shall monitor the temperature of secondary cell. When the temperature of secondary cell is higher than the safety threshold, the power battery system shall be put into a safe state within FTTI. When the over-temperature fault withdrawal and elimination conditions of the secondary cell are not satisfied, the power battery system shall not exit the safe state. 8.2.3.2 Test object The test object is the battery management system. 8.2.3.3 Test requirements 8.2.4 Prevent thermal runaway caused by overcurrent of power battery system 8.3 Functional Safety Confirmation 8.3.1 Prevent thermal runaway caused by overcharging of secondary cell 8.3.1.1 Purpose Confirm that the safety goal of “preventing thermal runaway caused by overcharging of secondary cell” is correctly realized, and that the occurrence of thermal runaway due to overcharging of secondary cell can be effectively prevented. 8.3.1.2 Confirmation object The confirmation object is the power battery system. 8.3.1.3 Confirmation requirements The confirmation shall satisfy the following requirements. 8.3.1.4 Confirmation end conditions When any of the following conditions is met, end the confirmation. 8.3.1.5 Confirmation pass criteria The confirmation object enters the safe state within FTTI and does not accidentally exit the safe state, and no leakage, venting, fire or explosion occurs during the observation. 8.3.2 Prevent thermal runaway caused by recharging after over-discharging of secondary cell 8.3.2.1 Purpose Confirm that the safety goal of “preventing thermal runaway caused by recharging after over-discharging of secondary cell” is correctly realized, and that the occurrence of thermal runaway due to recharging after over-discharging of secondary cell can be effectively prevented. 8.3.2.2 Confirmation object The confirmation object is the power battery system. 8.3.2.3 Confirmation requirements The confirmation shall satisfy the following requirements. 8.3.2.4 Confirmation end conditions When any of the following conditions is met, end the confirmation. 8.3.2.5 Confirmation pass criteria The confirmation object enters the safe state within FTTI and does not accidentally exit the safe state, and no leakage, venting, fire or explosion occurs during the observation. 8.3.3 Prevent thermal runaway caused by over-temperature of secondary cell 8.3.4 Prevent thermal runaway caused by overcurrent of power battery system 8.3.4.1 Purpose Confirm that the safety goal of “preventing thermal runaway caused by overcurrent of power battery system” is correctly realized, and that the occurrence of thermal runaway due to overcurrent of power battery system can be effectively prevented. 8.3.4.2 Confirmation object The confirmation object is the power battery system. 8.3.4.3 Confirmation requirements The confirmation shall satisfy the following requirements. 8.3.4.4 Confirmation end conditions When any of the following conditions is met, end the confirmation. 8.3.4.5 Confirmation pass criteria The confirmation object enters the safe state within FTTI and does not accidentally exit the safe state, and no leakage, venting, fire or explosion occurs during the observation. ......Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al. 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