GB/T 9441-2021 PDF English
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| Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivery | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
| GB/T 9441-2021 | English | 595 |
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Metallographic test method for spheroidal graphite cast iron
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| GB/T 9441-2009 | English | 70 |
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Metallographic test for spheroidal graphite cast iron
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| GB/T 9441-1988 | English | 759 |
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Metallographic test for spheroidal graphite cast iron
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GB/T 9441-2021: Metallographic test method for spheroidal graphite cast iron---This is an excerpt. Full copy of true-PDF in English version (including equations, symbols, images, flow-chart, tables, and figures etc.), auto-downloaded/delivered in 9 seconds, can be purchased online: https://www.ChineseStandard.net/PDF.aspx/GBT9441-2021
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.080.10
CCS J 31
Replacing GB/T 9441-2009
Metallographic Test Method for Spheroidal Graphite Cast
Iron
(ISO 945-4.2019, Microstructure of Cast Irons – Part 4.Test Method for Evaluating
Nodularity in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons, MOD)
Issued on. DECEMBER 31, 2021
Implemented on. JULY 01, 2022
Issued by. State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword... 3
1 Scope... 5
2 Normative References... 5
3 Terms and Definitions... 5
4 Calculation of Nodularity... 7
5 Metallographic Specimen Preparation... 7
6 Inspection Rules... 7
7 Inspection Item... 8
8 Result Representation... 12
9 Test Report... 13
Appendix A (Informative) Compared with ISO 945-4.2019, the Structural Changes of
this Document... 14
Appendix B (Informative) Technical Differences and Causes between this Document
and ISO 945-4.2019... 15
Appendix C (Informative) Classification of Graphite Particle Morphology... 18
Appendix D (Informative) Reference Form of Typical Graphite Particle Roundness 20
Appendix E (Normative) Rating Chart of Nodularity of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron
... 21
Appendix F (Normative) Comparison Chart for Evaluation of Graphite Particle Count
... 26
Appendix G (Normative) Rating Chart of Graphite Particle Size... 31
Appendix H (Normative) Rating Chart of Pearlite Content... 33
Appendix I (Normative) Rating Chart of Steadite Content... 36
Appendix J (Normative) Rating Chart of Carbide Content... 38
Foreword
This Document was drafted as per the rules specified in GB/T 1.1-2020 Directives for
Standardization – Part 1.Rules for the Structure and Drafting of Standardizing Documents.
This Document replaced GB/T 9441-2009 Metallographic Test for Spheroidal Graphite Cast
Iron. Compared with GB/T 9941-2009, the major technical content changes of this Standard
are as follows besides t he structural adjustment and editorial modifications.
--- Add the terms maximum Feret diameter (see 3.1 of this Edition) and particle roundness
(see 3.2 of this Edition);
--- Add the calculation formula of graphite particle roundness (see 3.2 of this Edition);
--- Add the terms of spheroidal graphite (see 3.3 of this Edition) and number of graphite
particle count (see 3.6 of this Edition);
--- Add the sampling provisions of castings (see 5.2 of this Edition);
--- Change the definition and calculation formula of nodularity of cast iron (see 4.1 of this
Edition; 4.1.1 of 2009 Edition);
--- Change the rating and evaluation method of nodularity (see 7.1 of this Edition; 4.1 of
2009 Edition); and change the reference diagram of the nodularity rating (see Appendix
E of this Edition; Figures 1 ~ 6 in 4.1.1 of 2009 Edition);
--- Change the method of evaluating the nodularity by the image method (see 7.1.4 of this
Edition; 4.1.4 of 2009 Edition);
--- Delete the ferrite count rating of dispersed distribution (see 4.4 of 2009 Edition);
--- Add the nodularity rating chart of spheroidal graphite cast iron (see Appendix E of this
Edition);
--- Add the comparison chart for the evaluation of graphite particle count (see Appendix F
of this Edition);
--- Change the rating graph of graphite particle size (see Figure G.1 of this Edition; Figures
1 ~ 12 in 4.2.3 of 2009 Edition);
--- Add the rating chart of pearlite content (see Appendix H of this Edition);
--- Add the rating chart of steadite content (see Appendix I of this Edition);
--- Add the rating chart of carbide content (see Appendix J of this Edition).
This document uses the redrafting method to modify and adopt ISO 945-4.2019 Microstructure
of Cast Irons - Part 4.Test Method for Evaluating Nodularity in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron.
Compared with ISO 945-4.2019, this Document has many adjustments in structure. Appendix
A lists the comparison list of clause numbers between this Document and ISO 945-4.2019.See
Appendix B for other technical differences and other causes between this Document and ISO
945-4.2019.
Compared with ISO 945-4.2019, this Document made the following editorial modifications.
--- Change the document name from ISO 945-4.2019 Microstructure of Cast Irons - Part 4.
Test Method for Evaluating Nodularity in Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron to
Metallographic Test Method for Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron.
--- Add the Appendixes A, B and C.
This Document was proposed by and under the jurisdiction of National Technical Committee
on Casting of Standardization Administration of China (SAC/TC 54).
The historical editions replaced by this Document are as follows.
--- GB/T 9441-1988 was first-time published in 1988; it was first-time revised in 2009.
--- It is the second-time revised hereby.
Metallographic Test Method
for Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron
1 Scope
This Document specifies the nodularity calculation, metallographic sample preparation,
inspection rules, inspection items and rating charts, result representation and inspection report
of spheroidal graphite cast iron.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the provisions of this Document through
reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated
are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 5611 Foundry Terminology
GB/T 13298 Inspection Methods of Microstructure for Metals
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 5611 and the
following apply.
3.1 Maximum Feret diameter
The maximum straight-line distance lm between any two points on the outline of the outer edge
of the graphite particle.
Figure 1 – Schematic Diagram of Maximum Feret Diameter of Graphite Particle
3.2 Particle roundness
The graphite particle area is divided by the circular area of the graphite particle with the
maximum Feret diameter.
4 Calculation of Nodularity
The nodularity is equal to the area of spheroidal graphite particles (particle roundness ρ ≥
0.60) divided by the total area of all graphite particles.
5 Metallographic Specimen Preparation
The metallographic specimen shall be taken from the test block or casting which is cast at
the same time as the casting and conducted heat treatment in the same furnace (such as during
heat treatment).
When sampling on castings, the sampling site shall avoid the casting surface and areas
affected by cooling.
6 Inspection Rules
Select the field of view randomly; the diameter of the field of view or the equivalent
diameter is 1.20mm. When magnified by 100 times, the graphite particles with the maximum
Feret diameter lm less than 1.0mm are not counted.
When inspecting the nodularity, graphite particle size rating and graphite particle count, at
least 5 fields of view shall be selected; and the total number of inspected graphite particles shall
be no less than 500.
7 Inspection Item
Check the nodularity level of graphite in the polished state; and the magnification is 100
times or adjust the magnification so that the graphite particle size is similar to the rating chart
in Appendix E.
The graphite particle count shall be compared and evaluated according to Figure F.1 in
Appendix F. Figure F.1 shows the graphite particle count corresponding to the critical maximum
Feret diameter (lm) of 10μm and 5μm, respectively.
8 Result Representation
The nodularity is expressed as a nodularity level or a percentage of the nodularity, such as
Level-2 or 90%, which cannot be expressed across levels; if expressed as a percentage, it shall
be an integer, such as a nodularity of 92%.
It can be expressed by grade of graphite particle size; such as Grade-6 graphite particle size.
9 Test Report
The test report shall include the following parts.
a) The standard number;
b) Name and characteristic description of the sample;
c) Determination method.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the full-copy PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.ChineseStandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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